Tatar ASSR: ukwakheka kanye nomlando

Ukuhambisa endaweni Tatarstan yesimanje zaziqale cishe eminyakeni 90,000 edlule, futhi umlando lwesiTatar uhlanga has angaphezu kweshumi nambili namakhulu eminyaka. Phakathi nalesi sikhathi, lwesiTatar State senzeka ngezigaba eziningana ukuthuthukiswa: kusukela le Bulgaria iVolga kuya Khanate eminingi yangenkathi ephakathi, ummeleli ovelele owawungumnyaka zolotaya Orda.

Ngesikhathi kumiswa lokubhala Tatarstan yesimanje yathathelwa indawo inkulumo ethi Runes Turkic ukuze Cyrillic. inombolo Tatar ngaphakathi kwemingcele kamuva kwavela Tatar ASSR kwaba abantu abangaphezu kwezigidi ezingu-1.5. Labo abakholelwa ukuthi lwesiTatar Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic - ezweni kuyoba usizo ukwazi umlando lasungulwa nokuthuthukiswa. Ake sibheke esikhathini esidlule futhi ubone ukuthi ukwabiwa republic waqala eSoviet Union.

Lapho kumiswa Tatar Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic?

AmaBolshevik phakathi kombuso ku-akhawunti ingxenye kazwelonke futhi usebenzisa izici zendawo ekubhekaneni izinhlangano yenengi. Ngemva kokumiswa amandla Soviet e Kazan ngoNovemba 1917, ukuphathwa yezwe abasha ukuba uzindle ukudalwa lwesiTatar Republic.

Ngo-January 1920, ngemva kweminyaka embalwa amaBolshevik liqala ukubusa, le Politburo asekelwe ukwakheka Tatar Republic. Ngemva kwesikhashana, Central Executive Committee yamemezela esinqumweni Meyi 27, 1920, lapho kusungulwa ukuzimela entsha kanye nokuchaza isakhiwo apharathasi kwamandla wombuso weRiphabhulikhi esizayo. Kwakudingekile ukudala CEC, okuyinto kwakumelwe amakhetho amasekela uMkhandlu wendawo kanye noMkhandlu we Yabantu Commissars.

Republic Day semfundo

Republic Day kwaba ukubunjwa 25 Juni 1920, ngesikhathi ikomidi eliphezulu Kazan wakhumula amandla akhe ubuholi kanye wanikela isikhathi sabo revkomitetu Tatar ASSR, okuyinto kwakuwukwenza isisekelo sokuthethelelwa dalo of ababamele iCongress of namaSoviet.

Igama elithi "Tatar Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic" senziwa bese ilungiswe asemthethweni emva kweminyaka emibili, lapho ekupheleni December 1922 kwamiswa yiSoviet Union. Elalisanda kwakhiwa Tatar ASSR we iVolga esifundeni yaba enye yezindawo ezindaweni ukuthuthukiswa ngokushesha kakhulu kwezomnotho.

Lomgubho ekusungulweni lwesiTatar Republic

Tatar Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic wamiswa iminyaka sezinkathazo uthuthumele esindayo bese unyakaza zomhlaba kule nokwakheka isimo Russian. Izinguquko babebaningi futhi ukubukeka lwesiTatar Republic Juni 25 the 20th leminyaka elidlule wayengomunye wabo.

Ngobusuku obandulela 18 June, Politburo lesinqumo hhayi kuphela kumiswa republic Tatar Soviet, kodwa isidingo ngokuqondene plan for ukuthuthukiswa imikhosi. Ezinsukwini ezimbili we Kazan neKomidi undlalwe evunyiwe cebo imikhosi, ezazihlanganisa ukuthuthukiswa lesikhumbuzo ukuze oculayo inguquko we Tatar abantu Mulanuru Vakhitov and isibekisombhalo National Theatre. Izinyathelo abangu ezivelele ezingamaGreki nazo zamukela le nhlangano ye-umbukiso futhi ukusatshalaliswa izabelo lalolo iyakhula.

Ekugcineni, ngo-June 25 zokugcina umhlangano ngokuhlanganyela loMkhandlu Kazan ne izidumbu amandla party kanye nenyunyana, lapho ikomidi lesifundazwe unikezé igunya ukuphatha esifundeni Revolutionary Committee. Amalungiselelo celebration neze yize. Kazan eyabizwa ngokuthi dolobha ye-republic okudalwe, waba ehlotshisiwe futhi ambheka zemikhosi. Kwaba mnandi - amasosha labetibambile a idunyiswe, abasebenzi - ngoMgqibelo.

Usuku Republic waveza ngikweluleke ngangokunokwenzeka futhi kwezinye ezindaweni yesifunda. Bugulma kwaphawulwa a idunyiswe ebutho lenqaba kumi edolobheni. Ngo Chistopol futhi Tetyushi wagcizelela ukubaluleka okwamanje imihlangano eminingi nakho nemiboniso, okuyinto belithanyelwe iningi labantu ezisemadolobheni. Mhlawumbe ngokuzithandela, kodwa owazi?

Ngokuvumelana nesiko Soviet, sivela futhi kusukela ngalezo zikhathi ukuze ikomidi lamukele wamukelekile futhi zokubonga amathelegramu kusukela abasebenzi.

Tatar ASSR: izifunda, namadolobha

Umi revkomitetom Commission labetibambile ukwahlukana indawo futhi kuchazwe imingcele Tatarstan. Ukwakheka republic ngokwezinga elikhulu sasishaywe kunqunywa ngokuhambisana ingxenye kazwelonke. Territory bajoyine izifunda ne Tatar labantu, ngaphambilini kufakwe kwezinye izifundazwe. Ukusebenzisa nenqubo kwezomnotho, TASSR indawo zingahlukaniswa zibe zindawo ezilandelayo:

• Predvolzhsky.
• ENingizimu-Eastern futhi North-Eastern Zakamye.
• Western Trans-Kama esifundeni.
• AseNtshonalanga naseMpumalanga Predkame.
• Enyakatho-ntshonalanga.

Ukuvela nokuthuthukisa petroleum, amakhemikhali namandla izimboni yizona zici evumayo kwezomnotho, futhi laba nomuzwa lwesiTatar ASSR. republic elikhulu edolobheni. inqubo yokuhlakulela emadolobheni entsha nemizana wethulwa kusuka ukwanda ukusebenza kwekilasi ukwanda kwabantu nokukhula. emadolobheni Uvele futhi kwachuma efana Chelny, Elabuga, Leninogorsk.

Isimo sezomthetho mayelana Nelungelo republic

Tatar ASSR kwaba isimo isimo-zomthetho kwalesi simemezelo enamathiselwe-May 27, 1920. ingxenye yakhe esemthethweni ye RSFSR watshumayela inhloso ukusungula ukulingana phakathi kwawo wonke ama-republic, kanye lo mshini sokuhlukanisa iMali kanye lobuchwepheshe phakathi izifunda endaweni yomcebo jikelele. Bamemezela ukuthi amandla uzobe bagxila ezandleni abasebenzi futhi abalimi. Kusukela izenzakalo ezalandela, siyazi ukuthi kwaba enhle, kodwa hhayi-ngibopha non isiqubulo umuntu amandla.

Isakhiwo uhulumeni kuhlanganisiwe uMkhandlu Yesifunda yalapha, CEC kanye noMkhandlu we Yabantu Commissars. Commissariats ngu Yabantu babekwazi eside emisebenzini futhi zingaphansi Central Executive Committee. Iphanorama wezempi ubelokhu ophethe Tatar Commissariat.

Inqubomgomo Foreign futhi ukuhweba ahlale ngaphansi umthwalo izakhiwo kuhulumeni.

Ukudalwa iziphathimandla ezizimele

isimo Sakhiwo amandla okuzimela yadalwa ngezinsuku ngekulandzela umtsetfosisekelo e-USSR. Amagatsha kahulumeni Kwamiswa kusukela Council of Commissars Yabantu akhethwe lwesiTatar Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic, Central Executive Committee kanye nenombolo eMikhandlu wendawo.

Ngesisekelo commissariats amandla apharathasi abangu ezithinta zonke izindawo zomphakathi we ukuphathwa:

• Interior.
• Lwezezimali.
• Agricultural.
• Ukukhanyiselwa.
• Impilo Nenhlalakahle.
• Justice.

Ezinye zalezi nokhomishana belungisa ka likahulumeni, abanye ukugcina ukuzimela e Izinqumo nezenzo. Ngemva kokudala Yabantu Commissars we Tatar Republic, inhlangano wengamela commissariats ngaphakathi ihogela ithonya republic.

Ukuxhumana ne RSFSR

Ngesikhathi besanda kuqala ubudlelwane isakhiwo phakathi RSFSR kanye republic ezimele uhulumeni azame nokuhlela ekusebenzisaneni hardware izakhiwo esebenzisa Institute. Lapho Central Executive Committee uNovemba 6, 1920 esebenza omele iTatarstan, okuyinto siqediwe nemisebenzi namandla aso waqala ukufeza umfanekiso Yabantu Commissariat ngoba izizwe.

Kusukela ngo-1924, i-Institute iqala umsebenzi wayo umfanekiso konke okudalwe ngesikhathi republic kazwelonke e Ephakeme KaHulumeni ye-Central Executive Committee. Through the Regulation ku Tattorgpredstavitelstve athuthukile ubudlelwane ezomnotho kanye zezimali.

Ububanzi Tatarstan imisebenzi ukumelwa akugcini emnothweni. Ukuzimela kanye neziphathimandla federal wabambisana on ezahlukene ezithinta izilinganiso eziphathelene nenhlalo namasiko, ezombusazwe kanye kazwelonke. Ukuze muntu nanoma yikuphi ukungabaza ngokuthi lokho Tatar Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic - a Russian, usethathe eziningi izenzo. Autonomous Republic of anemikhawulo ngo-1938, lathatha inombolo isinqumo 2575, ukuqeda ukumelwa yaseTatarstan eMoscow.

Lokubamba lichaza Tatar Republic ngokuthi yiMpi Enkulu Yobuzwe

impi isikhathi lonke lelo zwe kwakunzima futhi uyakhathaza. It yayiphumula kanye Tatar ASSR. Phakathi neMpi Omkhulu Patriotic sabantu besilisa luphumelele ukuba akwazi ukuxosha umphehli wodweshu. Ngesikhathi kuqala impi, iningi imishini yezolimo wadluliswa ukuze kuhlangatshezwane nezidingo zempi. Naphezu kwezimo ezinzima kakhulu ukusebenza, emzaneni Tatarstan wasebenza kahle futhi wagxekwa emikhiqizweni phambi.

izitshalo eziningi Tatarstan iseningizimu insimu yalo ekuqaleni bashiye futhi kabusha ukukhiqiza ukwenziwa izikhali futhi nezempi. Engine-Aircraft Instrument namabhizinisi ezaqaliswa imikhiqizo mass-kukhiqizwa wezempi.

On endaweni Tatar Republic esebenza isitshalo 22th, eyasebenza njengodonga umklami induna uMdali Pe-2 kanye Pe-8 uVladimir Petlyakov kanye nomklamo ehhovisi, ukudala Jets.

Tatarstan, ukuhlinzeka izidingo ngaphambili, esikhiqiza lenqwaba imikhiqizo ukusetshenziswa abezempi, njenge: amagobolondo amachashazi, izitimela armored nezikebhe futhi izingxenye "Katyusha" nezindlela zokuxhumana.

Akufanele sibakhohlwe mayelana nenani babaleki yaletha esuka ezindaweni ehlasela futhi wabhubhisa yonke eSoviet Union. Kuphela Kazan labantu linyuke ngabantu abangu-100,000 phakathi nempi.