Democritus: Biography emfushane futhi umsebenzi zefilosofi

Izikole eziningi ukucabanga, ukutadisha namuhla banake ososayensi eGrisi lasendulo. Kakade ngalezo zinsuku (futhi mhlawumbe ngaphambi) abantu onolwazi wacabanga mayelana nemikhakha efana kwenchubo zomhlaba, okushiwo okuba khona komuntu, ubudlelwane nemvelo, kanye nezinye izindaba ezidinga, futhi manje okuningi njengoba nje. Akubuzwa, lokugcina impendulo imibuzo kakhulu owabuzwa ezinkulungwaneni zeminyaka edlule, futhi azikaze abatholakali, futhi lokhu kubonakala kungeke njalo, kodwa imizamo Kuyatuseka ukonga. Omunye zefilosofi enkulu ngezikhwepha yaseGrisi yasendulo, Democritus kubhekwe. Umlando Omfushane umyeni usosayensi nemibono yakhe eziyisisekelo oluwanikeza abafundi lesi sihloko.

Yini mayelana Democritus laziwe?

Neminyaka yokuphila mhlawumbe uhlaka iBhayibheli ngohlelo lokulandelana kwezenzakalo kusukela 460 (ukuzalwa) zeminyaka 370 (ukufa). BC, lapho kudabuka khona - edolobheni kwakunenqaba yabaseThrace ka Abdera abasengxenyeni esempumalanga yaseGrisi yesimanje. Ezimweni eziningi okubandakanya Umlandvomphilo zefilosofi abadumile, izikhulumi kanye nabamele izikole, ulwazi ezisekelwe emaqinisweni, hlola ngazo namuhla akunakwenzeka. Kuyinto ayihlukile neze futhi Democritus, Biography iDemo ogxile idatha disparate okuvela emithonjeni ehlukahlukene. It is ngokukhethekile eyaziwa ngokuba zakhe eziningi, futhi phakathi naleso waya emazweni amaningi akude, phakathi kwabo Iran, eBhabhiloni, eGibhithe, Ethiopia naseNdiya. Akungabazeki khona ukuhlakanipha kwakhe okusezingeni eliphezulu, umbono ezibucayi wesayensi wesimanje, uthando eyala eziningana nokulangazelela ezivamile hhayi kuphela ulwazi, kodwa futhi ukuba zikuqonde ngokwaziswa esikuthola. Ngaphezu kwalokho, singaphetha ngokunengqondo ngokuthi usosayensi kanye sazi wayevela emkhayeni yizicukuthwane nezicebi, kungenjalo wayengeke nethuba nesikhathi ekusukeni eside kangaka futhi ukucabanga. Ngakho owayeneminyaka Democritus? Amaqiniso ethakazelisayo kule ndaba yokuphila kwakhe wafika kithi ku ukuphinda ulande, avaricious, futhi cishe ehlanekezelwe kodwa bathi okuningi ngalomuntu.

Imisebenzi kanye azibhala

Emibhalweni yeBhayibheli yokuqala awazange walondoloza, ngakho umahluleli okuqukethwe kwabo ngokwesayensi kungenzeka kuphela ngawakhe amazwi kanye izixhumanisi, okuyinto abalobi kamuva cited lokhu sefilosofi. imibono Democritus 'esikhathini sethu yesithakazelo esikhulu ngenxa yokuthi ukuthi intuthuko zakamuva yesayensi, kuyindida ukuthi ephinda bebaphikisana eGrisi lasendulo nokuthi muva ngobudedengu i smile Kuyahlekisa. Abanye bacabanga ukuthi kufana kakhulu imibono yesimanje mayelana nezwe. Izindatshana azibhala lonke babe, ngokusho uDiogenes Laertius, cishe ngelesikhombisa kweshumi (abanye abacwaningi balinganisela lemali yabangamashumi amahlanu). Mhlawumbe abanye imibono eyayisinesikhathi basonta Leucippus, okuyinto ubhekwa umlandeli Democritus. Umlando Omfushane komfundisi wakhe, nokho ngokuvamile engaziwa ukuba isayensi. Imisebenzi enikelwe spectrum ezibanzi kakhulu eyala, kuhlanganise izibalo, imithetho yokuziphatha, isayensi yezinkanyezi, i-physics, kolimi, imithi, umculo theory, amasu kanye eziningana Sciences, kubhekwa main e Hellas lasendulo. Ngo kuphindza acoce ngasinda izingcezwana, anamakhulu mathathu.

Imfundiso yokuziphendukela ama-athomu

Imfundiso athomu Democritus kuyinto afana ngokumangalisayo imibono yesimanje mayelana isakhiwo ndaba kwakheka kwekhulu lamashumi amabili. Nokho, ngalezo zinsuku, lalezi zinhlobo aphansi abhekwa komncane kunabo bonke endaweni yonke, futhi ngenxa yalokho indivisible (kungakho igama), kodwa ukumangala yikhono isazi lasendulo owaphila eminyakeni cishe angamashumi amabili-nanhlanu edlule, ukuze uthole intelligence isakhiwo engqamuzaneni ngokungabi bikho base impahla, ikuvumela uhlole lo mbono empirically. Atoms futhi e njalo ezinyakazayo okungahleliwe ngaphakathi imigodi, amafu ekuqeqesheni nasekuqondiseni eddy akha izinto ezibonakalayo. Zihluke (isayizi shape), futhi lokhu kuchaza umehluko ku izindawo izinto - ngakho wacabanga Democritus. Amaqiniso ethakazelisayo, ngokombono wakhe, angase waphawula lapho zihlatshwa emisebeni umzimba wukukhanya ama-athomu kuya.

Ongakholelwa ukuthi uNkulunkulu ukhona?

Ngo lasendulo Greece predominated theory mnogobozheskaya theosophical ukuthi lihlangabezana ethize uhlamvu basezinganekwaneni ngoba yonke indawo umsebenzi womuntu. nefilosofi Democritus babengafani isikhulu soMbuso amafilosofi ka yokuthanda izinto ezibonakalayo yayo sekuyaphela. Ngaphezu kwalokho, isazi sesayensi waphakamisela ziyadalulwa imibono esungulwe mayelana onkulunkulu, saveza ukufana kwabo nabantu bangempela futhi usebenzisa le baphikisana ngokuthi kuwubufakazi artificiality sendlela yabo. Ngoba bonke onkulunkulu-Olympic, ngokombono wakhe, babemane kusungulwe abantu, engenamandla ukuba sichaze uhlobo okuyimfihlakalo izwe elizungezile.

Democritus futhi umphefumulo

Nokho, kukhona ukuphikisana ezithile zefilosofi evumela ukubuza umbuzo: "? Futhi ngakho-ke ngempela ukuthi uNkulunkulu ukhona Democritus" Biography emfushane bebengenayo ulwazi mayelana ezingqubuzana kakhulu ngomfundisi kobuqaba isikhathi, futhi ngaphandle kwalokho, waqaphela ukuthi ukhona isigaba enjalo ngokucacile okungezona izinto njengoba umphefumulo. Nokho, isazi sefilosofi yayo wacabanga njengohlobo oluthile cluster-athomu, ka ezulazulayo emhlabeni umzimba futhi ukuyishiya lapho umuntu efa noma ngaphambili, lapho amabutho kancane kancane shiya ukuguga noma umuntu ogulayo. Lezi zinhlayiya ezincane, ngokombono wakhe, ezulazula umkhathi yaphakade engabhubhiyo banganamukeli zinyamalale. Yini akuyona umthetho ukulondolozwa ndaba? Futhi kuwubufakazi yokungafi komphefumulo akuyona?

ataraxia

Lesi simo esiyingqayizivele sibangelwa, zonke ezaziwayo emkhakheni wezokwelapha yesimanje njengoba isimo sengqondo, ebonakaliswa singesabi ephelele kubangelwa ukushaqeka ezinamandla ezingokomzwelo, Democritus alalelwa kakhulu. Ngokusho bayihlaba kakhulu inkolelo yakhe, ukucwatha somoya kuwuphawu ngokuhlakanipha ngokujulile. Ukuze kubalulekile ukuyifinyelela, futhi ke izuzwe omningi ku self-ukuthuthukiswa kanye ukugcwaliseka eziningi amasakramente zomhlaba. Ataraksicheskaya ifilosofi Democritus yasungulwa ipumelelo izikole eziningi, ikakhulukazi engabaza, owabhalwa futhi izazi. Saze safika aphorisms wakhe, okuyinto nqatshwe umcimbi okungahleliwe, wamemezela iwusizo ikhono athule (hhayi nje ukukhuluma), ke uqinisa igunya yokucabanga phezu ulwazi futhi ukhuthaze nokwaneliseka umuntu anakho. Kucatshangwa ngakho konke lokhu kunzima ungavumelani.

Lokho umuntu akucabangayo?

Muva nje, isayensi yezokwelapha zesimanje esebeké phambili omunye umbono izinguquko kwengqondo yomuntu useyakwazi okungaka ebuchosheni njengoba enhliziyweni. Kubonakala sengathi uma ungenawo plagiarize ke okungenani asemaHubeni incazelo kuvulwa Democritus, wenza zeminyaka ke emibili nengxenye edlule. Usosayensi WaseGrisi wasendulo babekholelwa ukuthi ukucabanga maphakathi ngamunye abantu ukhonza njengomdala esifubeni lokho okumunyethwe kuwo.

Kwazi bani ukuthi kuyofika ososayensi zanamuhla? Zingase kakhulu overestimated postulates izikole yefilosofi eminyaka eyadlula. Phela, zonke izinto eba Kuvunguza ...