Esesithathu Shia Imam Hussein: Biography

Omunye imisinga ezimbili eziyinhloko Islam zanamuhla Shi'ism. Imam Hussein wayengomunye walabo bantu, okuyizinto ezihlobene ukuvela isiqondiso zenkolo. ukuphila kwakhe kungaba ngempela ezithakazelisayo njengoba indoda elula emgwaqweni, futhi abantu abahlobene kocwaningo. Ake sithole ukuthi yini le alethwe izwe lethu Husayn ibn Ali.

lozalo

Igama eliphelele ikusasa Imam - Husayn ibn Ali ibn Abi Talib. Yena uvela igatsha wesizwe Quraish Hashemite Arab eyasungulwa ukhokho wakhe Hashim Ibn Abd Manaf. Ukuze igatsha efanayo kwakungekaNkulunkulu umsunguli umprofethi Islamic Muhammad, olungena ngo-Umkhulu esifanayo Hussein (komama) nomalume (zoyise). Idolobha eliyinhloko wesizwe Quraish kwaba eMecca.

Abazali yesithathu Shia Imam kwaba Ali Ibn Abu Talib, owayenguyise umzala of the Prophet Muhammad, futhi indodakazi Fatima zokugcina. Izizukulwane zabo zathola abizwa ngokuthi Alida kanye Fatimids. Ngaphandle Hussein, ababenakho namanje eyizibulo - Hassan.

Ngakho, Husayn ibn Ali kwakungekaNkulunkulu ephakeme kakhulu, ngokusho imibono Muslim, ubulili, ngokuthi ozalweni of the Prophet Muhammad.

Ukuzalwa futhi intsha

Hussein wazalelwa Ngonyaka wesine Hegira (632) ngesikhathi ehlala umkhaya ka Muhammad nabasekeli bakhe ku Medina ngemva ebaleka esuka eMecca. Ngokusho yetinsita uMprofethi wamnika igama, wabikezela ngokuzuma, futhi ukufa ebulawa amalungu uhlobo lwe we Umayyads. Eminyakeni yokuqala kwezinsuku ezingeziningi indodana encane ka Ali Ibn Abi Talib, cishe akukho, eyaziwa njengoba ngaleso sikhathi wayesesangweni emthunzini uyise nomfowethu omdala.

Le nkundla zomlando elilandelayo Imam Hussein kuphela ngemva kokufa komfowabo Hassan futhi Umbusi wamaSulumane Muawiya.

Ukuvela Shiism

Manje ake sihlolisise ukuthi kwakukhona egatsheni Shiite yamaSulumane, ngoba lolu daba kuhlobene nokuphila kanye nomsebenzi Hussein Ibn Ali.

Ngemva kokufa Prophet amaSulumane waqala ukuba likhethwa emhlanganweni wabadala. Wayegqoka isihloko Umbusi wamaSulumane futhi athweswe nazo zonke izikhulu zenkolo zezwe. Umbusi Okokuqala kwaba indlu yomunye wabeluleki abakhulu Mohammed Abu Bakr. Kamuva Shia babethi wayegqugquzela wagabadela amandla, ngokudlula Olwa esisemthethweni - Ali Ibn Abi Talib.

Ngemva kokubusa iminyaka esifushane u Abu Bakr sasingamashumi amabili ngaphezulu Umbusi wamaSulumane, okuyinto ngokuvamile ukubizwa ngokuthi ulungile ngesikhathi 661 umbusi emhlabeni Islamic, ekugcineni wakhethwa Ali ibn Abi Talib, umzala futhi ngumkhwenyana of the Prophet Muhammad, uyise ikusasa Imam Hussein.

Kodwa amandla Umbusi omusha enqabe khona ukuqaphela umbusi wakwa-Aram, Mu'awiya ka umndeni Umayyads, owayeyilungu isihlobo elikude Ali. Baqala ukuba nomunye ubutha, Nokho, okuyinto, akalushongo winner. Kodwa ekuqaleni konyaka 661 Halif Ali ubulawa bakhi. indodana yakhe endala Hassan wakhethwa njengosuku umbusi omusha. Eqaphela ukuthi ngeke akwazi ukubhekana Mu'awiya ongumakadebona, wakunikela emagunyeni, nge isimo ukuthi ngemva kokufa wangaphambili umbusi waseSiriya, yena uzobuyela Hasan noma inzalo yakhe.

Nokho, kakade ngonyaka 669 Hassan washona ngo Medina, lapho emva ngokubulala uyise wathutha nomfowabo Hussein. Kusolwa ukuthi ukufa kubangelwa ubuthi. Shiites ukubona lesimbi ubuthi Muawiya, ababengakholelwa ufuna amandla washiya umndeni wakhe.

Phakathi naleso sikhathi, abantu abaningi ukuboniswa ukunganeliseki nomgomo Mu'awiya, babeqoqana emhlabeni indodana yesibili Ali - Hussein, ababebekwe ezikhundleni uthathwa njengoba umbusi samanje Allah Emhlabeni. Lezi abantu bathoma ukubiza ngokwabo Shia, okuyinto uhumusha kusuka Arabic ngokuthi "abalandeli". Okungukuthi, Shi'ism lokuqala kwaba ngaphezulu umkhuba zezombusazwe e sompristi, kodwa eminyakeni ngokuya esethathe umbala zenkolo.

theku sezenkolo phakathi kwabalandeli Sunni we Umbusi, futhi Shiites ziya ngokuya lakhula.

INGEMUVA ngxabano

Njengoba kushiwo ngenhla, kokufa Umbusi wamaSulumane Muawiya, okuyinto eyenzeka ngonyaka 680 AD, Hussein akazange adlale indima ebonakalayo kakhulu ekuphileni zombusazwe sompristi. Kodwa nangemva kwalesi senzakalo, yena kufanele kuthiwe izimangalo zawo ebukhosini, njengoba ngaphambilini bavumelana phakathi Mu'awiya futhi Hasan. Lokhu kushintsha kwezinto Yiqiniso, akubona bonk 'nendodana yakhe Yazid Muawiya, ngubani ezase isihloko Umbusi.

Abasekeli Saddam, Shi'ites, wamemezela kuye imam. Bavuma ukuthi umholi wabo - eyesithathu Shia Imam, ezimbili zokuqala ngaphandle Ali Ibn Abi Talib futhi Hasan.

Ngakho, ukuba mandla kwemizwelo phakathi kwala maqembu womabili wakhula, basabisa nangokuthi kuholele izimpi ezilwiwa ngezikhali.

Ukuqala kwavukelwa

Futhi ukuvukela Kwagqashuka. Ukuvukela kwaqala emzini Kufa, okuyinto laliseduze Baghdad. Abavukeli babekholelwa ukuthi ukuhola Bafanelwe kuphela Imam Hussein. Ambuza ukuthi ube umholi kuvukela. Hussein wavumelana indima umholi.

Ukuze uhlole isimo, Imam Hussein ethunyelwe Kufa eseduze kwayo, ngegama Muslim Ibn aqeel, yakhuluma abasekeli Medina kuye. Lapho befika kule ndawo, ummeleli kwavukelwa Bafunga egameni Hussein 18,000 abahlali, njengoba kusho umbiko we siza enkosini yaso.

Kodwa sompristi ekuphathweni futhi akazange ahlale izandla. Ukuze ayodambisa ukuvukela e Kufa, Yazid wamisela umbusi omusha. Ngokushesha waqala ukusebenzisa izilinganiso ezibophayo kakhulu, ukuze cishe yonke Abasekeli Saddam balifulathela leli dolobha. Ngaphambi Muslim athumba futhi abulawe, wakwazi uthumele incwadi ku-Imam, izingxoxo mayelana ukushintsha kwezimo sibi.

Battle of Karbala

Naphezu kwakho konke lokhu, Hussein sinqume ukuqhubeka umkhankaso. Yena, kanye nabalandeli bakhe baya indawo emaphethelweni Baghdad edorobheni okuthiwa Karbala. Imam Hussein, kanye neqembu kwahlangana amabutho amaningana Umbusi wamaSulumane Yazid, iphansi kwesandla sika-Umar ibn Sad.

Yiqiniso, imam yeqembu elincane abalandeli bakhe abakwazanga ukumelana yonke impi. Ngakho waya ukuxoxisana, ukunikela umyalo ibutho isitha ukuyiyekela ihambe nge lamabutho. Umar Ibn Sad wayekulungele ukulalela abameleli Saddam, kodwa amanye izinduna - Shire futhi Ibn Ziyad - okwamqinisekisa ukubeka lezi zinto lapho Imam ayengakwazi ukuvumelana more.

Umzukulu uMprofethi wanquma ukuthatha nempi ukungalingani. Ngokuhamba neqembu elincane izihlubuki wendiza ebomvu ifulege ka Imam Hussein. Le mpi yaba ngeyesikhashana, njengoba amabutho engalingani, kodwa abanolaka. Amabutho Umbusi Yazid egubha ukunqoba kumhambela phezu amavukelambuso.

ukufa Imam

Cishe bonke abasekeli Saddam, ngenani labantu ayisikhombisa nambili babulawa empini noma ethumba, futhi ngemva isigwebo ezibuhlungu. Abanye abangu ngaphansi ejele. Phakathi lababuleweyo kwaba imam yena.

Ikhanda + lakhe elinqunywe wathunyelwa ngokushesha umbusi Kufa abese eDamaseku, inhloko-dolobha sompristi, Yazid bakwazi ngokugcwele ukujabulela ukunqoba kukhonjiswa Ali bomdabu.

imiphumela

Noma kunjalo, kwaba ukufa Imam Hussein, umthelela azayo inqubo ngokuwa sompristi, ngisho nangaphezu kokubhema uma zisaphila. Ukubulawa umzukulu yomprofethi futhi usulu ohlambalazayo osesikhundleni isidumbu sakhe okubangelwa negagasi ukunganeliseki kuwo wonke umhlaba Islamic. ekugcineni Shiites wazihlanganisa kusukela abasekeli Umbusi - Sunnis.

Ngo 684 ukuvukela ngaphansi banner ukuziphindiselela ekubulaweni Husayn Ibn Ali yaqhuma emzini ongcwele amaSulumane - eMecca. Kwakuthinta eliholwa Abd Allah ibn al-Zubayr. Eminyakeni eyisishiyagalombili wakwazi ukuze uzohlala emandleni edolobheni lakubo uMprofethi. Ekugcineni, i-Umbusi wamaSulumane wakwazi ukuphinde alungise ukulawula eMecca. Kodwa lokhu kwakuyisiqalo nje ukuvukela lokuqala Ukufa nezibhelu ukuthi bathintitha sompristi futhi agcinwe ngaphansi kwesiqubulo esithi yokuziphindiselela mayelana nokubulawa kwelungu Hussein.

Ukubulawa Imam lwesithathu kwaba esinye sezenzakalo eziphawulekayo kunazo emfundisweni Shia kuyinto united nakakhulu ekulweni Shiite sompristi. Yiqiniso, amandla nabanye abaholi eyathatha ekhulwini angaphezu kwelilodwa. Kodwa ngokubulala indlalifa Prophet Muhammad sompristi asebenzelana kwayena isilonda esibulale ezaholela nciphisa zalo esikhathini esizayo. Ngemva kwalokho, ensimini ka mbuso kanye enamandla kwakhiwa elinobunye isimo Shiite Idrisid, Fatimid, Buyid, Alids nabanye.

Imemori ye Hussein

Imicimbi exhunywe lokubulala Hussein lwezinhlangano ezingathandwa ezibhekwa Shiite umzuzile ukubaluleka. It is Kunikezelwa kubo esinye sezenzakalo ngobukhulu zenkolo Shiite - Shakhs-Wachs. Lezi akuzona izinsuku zokuzila, lapho Shi'ites balilele wabulala Imam Hussein. Okweqile amaningi awo kubangele amanxeba sasivumela sina, sengathi efanekisela ukuhlupheka Imam lwesithathu.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, Shiites wenza pilgrimage ukuthi Karbala - indawo ngokufa nokungcwatshwa Hussein Ibn Ali.

Njengoba sesibonile, ubuntu, ukuphila nokufa Imam Hussein, amanga at inhliziyo ukunyakaza ngobukhulu zenkolo Muslim, njengoba Shia, kokuba zanamuhla abalandeli abaningi emhlabeni.