Alexander Sumarokov: A Biography "uyise yaseshashalazini Russian"

Aleksandr Petrovich Sumarokov, ogama biography kuhlangene ngokungenakuhlukaniswa ukuthuthukiswa esikweni lesizwe ngekhulu XVIII, kubhekwa ukuba kube "uyise yaseshashalazini Russian." Yena wakhonza njengombonisi wemidlalo futhi librettist. Igalelo lakhe ezincwadini Russian, ukukhulisa ngenxa yemisebenzi yakhe olusankondlo ku ukuphakama entsha ngesikhathi. Igama lakhe wehlile emlandweni Russia.

I abasha indlalifa igama lasendulo yizicukuthwane

Novemba 25, 1717 eMoscow emndenini Ensign uPetru Sumarokova indodana, owayebizwa ngokuthi u-Alexander. Njengabantwana eziningi imikhaya endala ezihloniphekayo, okungukuthi, omunye wabo ingeyamakhosi bohlobo Sumarokov, ukuqeqeshwa kwalab 'sokuqala kanye nemfundo umfana ekhaya ngaphansi kokuqondisa kothisha nothisha oqashwe abazali bakhe.

Ngaleyo minyaka, netikhulu abaningi abasebasha ukuba makudle i-career wezempi. Mina yayiphumula no-Aleksandru Sumarokov. Biography zokuphila kwakhe ezimele iqala kusukela yobudala nanhlanu lapho engena eZweni Gentry Corps, wavula Petersburg ngemiyalo yezikhulu Empress Anny Ioannovny. Phakathi kwezindonga zayo ubuchitha iminyaka eyisishiyagalombili, futhi lapha okokuqala waqala ukufunda izincwadi.

Ubusosha Corps kanye umsebenzi oluzayo

Inkathi sokuzifundela ubusosha Corps umbhali sifisa ubhala izinkondlo isosha esihlatshelelwayo, abalingisa imisebenzi abalobi isiFulentshi futhi compatriot wakhe uVladimir Trediakovsky. ucwaningo lwakhe lokuqala olusankondlo kukhona ebhaliwe esankondlo yamaHubo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, lucwaningo oda yokungcwaba ozakwabo - ubhala egameni ODE congratulatory abusa kwa leyo minyaka iNdlovukazi u-Anne Ioannovne, owawungumnyaka kakhulu imfashini.

Ngo 1740, phakathi abathweswe iziqu abasha amabutho lamaphoyisa Wayengubani u-Alexander Sumarokov. Biography uthi ukuphila kwakhe leyo minyaka zingcono kakhulu kunangaphambili. Ngezinye iminyaka engamashumi amabili nantathu, Wacela ehhovisi Ukubala Munnich, ngokushesha iba unobhala wokuqala oyimfihlo Bala Golovin ke umninimandla Alekseya Razumovskogo. Kodwa naphezu luvula umsebenzi, ezinikezela izincwadi. Thixo yakhe kuleyo minyaka - Mikhail Vasilyevich Lomonosov, ODE abadumile okuyinto waba yisibonelo Sumarokova ngobunye futhi esiyingqopha-mlando search izindlela zokudala.

Eyokuqala udumo okufanele

Nokho, akukho umdwebi weqiniso akukwazi saneliswe ukulingiswa kwalowo okudalwe ngomunye umuntu, kuba njalo isitayela ischot siqu. Yilokhu Sumarokov. Biography zokuphila akhe okudala iqala ngempela lapho, e-salon we Izicukuthwane elifundile Petersburg avele ezihlukahlukene uhlu yothando lwakhe iculo. Lokhu uhlobo wakhethwa umlobi akuyona ngephutha. Nguye avunyelwe state evulekile kakhulu kwengqondo ka-Alexander - isiphathimandla abasha abakhaliphile egcwele nakho romantic eyinqaba yobudala bakhe.

Kodwa udumo yangempela oye wamlethela okwenzeka enkantolo ngo 1747 ukuthi kube olusankondlo idrama "Horev". Ngesikhathi esifanayo yanyatheliswa futhi baba litholakale emphakathini jikelele, okwakwenza igama lakhe laziwe kuzwelonke. Ngemva kwalokho, futhi esigodlweni, wenziwa izingcezu eziningana, umlobi okwakunzima Sumarokov. Biography yomsebenzi wakhe livela sikhathi kuya ezingeni entsha - iba umlobi professional.

Ezixubile ukuphila Sumarokova

Ngo 1752 kwaba khona isenzakalo esibalulekile. Empress Elizaveta Petrovna ngemvume isimemezelo yaletha esuka Yaroslavl oluvelele sibalo waseshashalazini yaleyo minyaka F. G. Volkova futhi bamcela ukuba ahlele yaseshashalazini Russia kuqala unomphela, ogama umqondisi waqokwa Sumarokov.

Umlando Omfushane kuye kuphela Imibandela anganika umqondo banikela ngendlela ebalulekile ukuthi wenze lo muntu kwetinhlavu esigabeni Russian zokuphila, kodwa inkumbulo izizukulwane zesikhathi esizayo, liye lalondolozwa 'njengoyise yaseshashalazini Russian ", futhi lokhu uzovuma, kuyinto obucacile ngaphezu kwanoma yimuphi mazwi.

ifa lakhe okudala ububanzi ngokungavamile. Engingakusho nje kokukhumbula kwezinsizi eziyisishiyagalombili ababevela usiba lwayo, amahlaya amabili nantathu opera libretti. Ngaphezu kwalokho, Sumarokov washiya uphawu abalulekile kweminye imikhakha etemibhalo. Imisebenzi yakhe libhalwe emakhasini i iphephabhuku zezemfundo "imibhalo yanyanga zonke", futhi 1759 waqala ukushicilela umagazini ayo "bee Hard-ukusebenza." Eminyakeni eyalandela zokunyathelisa out amaqoqo eziningi izinkondlo zakhe netinsimu.

Kwaze kwaba sekupheleni kokuphila imbongi kanye inkumbulo abayinzalo

Theatre Guide Sumarokov eyenziwa ngaphambi 1761. Ngemva kwalokho, esehlale isikhathi esithile enhloko-dolobha, bese ngo-1769 bathuthela eMoscow. Lapha yena unalo ezingqubuzana kakhulu nge induna P. Saltykov, ohlangothini lapho ithola iNdlovukazi. Lokhu kubangela imbongi ukuhlukumezeka ngokomzwelo futhi esibandakanya ezinkingeni ezinkulu zezimali. Kodwa naphezu kosizi ebhekene nalo, e ngeminyaka yoma, yena, ngokusho abacwaningi, ubhala imisebenzi yakhe ephambili kunawo wonke, ezifana "Dmitry le Pretender", "Vzdorschitsa" kanye nabanye abaningi. Washona ngo-October 12, 1777 futhi wangcwatshwa Donskoy Emangcwabeni eMoscow.

Inzala ngokugcwele izinzuzo zomhlatshelo lo muntu ukuba wobaba. Ngesikhathi abadumile lesikhumbuzo "Millenium Russia" phakathi abavelele bomlando isimo futhi imelelwa Alexander Sumarokov (isithombe umfundi into ungabona ekhasini). Emibhalweni yakhe sakhula izizukulwane yezimbongi ababe inkazimulo ukuziqhenya isiko lethu, futhi imisebenzi yakhe waseshashalazini babé unencwadi bemidlalo esizayo.