"Armenia" (umkhumbi). Usizi lokukhulelwa kwekhulu lama-20

"Armenia" - umkhumbi, okungukufa zesikhathi eside ukufihla amandla. Cishe abantu abangaba yizinkulungwane abantu abayinani elingavamile bafa ebhodini ngesikhathi zihlasela German ku Sevastopol. Novemba 7, 1941, usuku umbukiso ku Red Square, kwakukhona kule nhlekelele embi kangaka. Ngezinye elisogwini oluseningizimu ye-eCrimea waya phansi "Armenia" - emkhunjini, okuyinto elalibhekwa njengelinye lamazwe imikhumbi best of the Black Sea Fleet. Le nhlekelele-ke akazange avunyelwe yini umbiko. kuhlukaniswe kuphela ngokuthi "oyimfihlo" yathathwa ngo-1989 ne incwadi enyatheliswa yi-People Commissariat wase-USSR Navy, eyasho okulandelayo mayelana nale nhlekelele. Kwakungekho ngokuningiliziwe - kuphela kancane ibike izixhumanisi nokubhujiswa ukulwa imikhumbi nezitsha, kuhlanganise 'Isitsha isithakazelo kithi.

Izici Zabantu umkhumbi "Armenia"

Lo mkhumbi motor lwakhiwe onjiniyela ngaphansi kokuqondisa J. Koperzhinskogo, umklami abakhulu. Ngo-November 1928, it wethulwa. Lokhu umkhumbi wawususukile omunye phezulu emikhunjini eziyisithupha umgibeli ukuthi bamhlohla oLwandle Olumnyama. Cruising ibanga "Armenia" kwaba 4,600 amamayela. "Armenia" - umkhumbi, okungase bebanga abagibeli 518 eklasini kumakhabheni, 317 abagibeli emphemeni futhi 125 "zihlalo" futhi isisindo amathani afinyelela ku ayizinkulungwane 1 .. Kulokhu, lo umkhumbi wawungahamba ukufinyelela ijubane 27 km / h. Eziyisithupha imikhumbi engcono (ngaphandle "Armenia", ifake "Abkhazia", "Ukraine", "Adjara", "Georgia" futhi "eCrimea") waqala ukukhonza umugqa Odessa - Batumi - Odessa. Lezi zitsha baye zithutha izinkulungwane abagibeli kuze 1941

Lo mkhumbi motor iba isikebhe sanitary ezokuthutha

"Armenia" nge ekuqaleni kwempi ngokuxhamazela kabusha emkhunjini ezokuthutha sanitary. Igumbi Ukubhema sashintshwa saba ekhemisi, zokudlela siguqulelwa kusaladi futhi ezisebenza useyili ezengeziwe enziwa apholile. Plaushevsky uVladimir Yakovlevich, ngaleso sikhathi wayeneminyaka engu-39 ubudala, wamiswa induna. XO baba Znayunenko UNikolai Fadeevich. Amatilosi "Armenia" yayinama abantu 96, namanesi angu-75, namanesi 29 futhi odokotela 9. Dmitrievskiy Petr Andreevich, udokotela ikhanda lomuzi Odessa sesitimela Hospital, lokuyintfo Kuyaziwa ukuba abaningi kulo muzi, waba yinhloko yezizwe abasebenzi bezokwelapha. On emphemeni futhi ezinhlangothini kwakukhona iziphambano abomvu, ibonakale ngokucacile kusukela emoyeni. Elikhulu ifulegi elimhlophe ngesithombe iRed Cross wavuswa phezu insika main.

Nokho, lezi zinyathelo Akumsindisanga imikhumbi esibhedlela. Aviation Goering kusukela ezinsukwini zokuqala zempi eyenziwa ukuhlaselwa nokuseshwa kubo. Ambulensi "Anton laseChekhov" futhi "Kotovsky" zalimala ngoJulayi 1941. A "Adjara", ukuhlaselwa yehle webhomu in flames, ukusebenzisa esihlabathini phambi kwalo lonke lase-Odessa. Zabulawa ezehlela ngo-August futhi "Kuban".

Uquketheni "Armenia"

I iRed Army, sicindezelwe isitha, balahlekelwa esindayo ezimpini abanolaka. Kukhona abaningi kangaka kwabonayo. Abagibele "Armenia" wonke-sezulu imini nobusuku abahlengikazi wasebenza. Lo mkhumbi 15 wenze izindiza emangalisayo ezinzima neziyingozi of alimele. "Armenia" uye zithutha angaba yizinkulungwane 16. Amasosha, hhayi kuhlanganise nasebekhulile, abesifazane nezingane abaye afakwe apholile izisebenzi.

Unjalo-ke umlando emfushane umkhumbi "Armenia".

isitsha Ukuvikelwa

Kusengenzeka eziningi imfihlakalo kwezimo kokufa umkhumbi. I "Chronicle of ngokuthi yiMpi Enkulu Yobuzwe ...", declassified ngo-1989, kusho ukuthi umkhumbi "Armenia" (nesithombe eziboniswe ngenhla), "Kuban", kanye umkhumbi ukuqeqeshwa "Dnepr" flying kusukela Odessa nge umchithi "abangenasihe". Yiqiniso, lokhu konga imikhumbi evela lihlaselwa izindiza German.

Manstein ne Army 2nd ukuthi wawanda ngokushesha eCrimea. Umyalo we Black Sea Fleet yayingawulungele lokhu kuhlasela. Ngaphambi kwempi, Navy umzimba yayiba kuphela imikhankaso yezempi kanye "ekubhujisweni" lokushaya ukuphila kokubili emanzini nasezweni. Akekho owayeke wacabanga ukuthi ukuthi Sevastopol kuyodingeka ukuvikela kusuka ezweni.

Ethutha izakhamizi kwalimala eyathutha

AmaJalimane ngokushesha wathatha ukulawula yonke imizila umhlaba. Izakhamuzi enhlonhlweni (mayelana 1 million) sihlupheka. amabutho Oqeqeshiwe kuqhathaniswa Hitler izingxenye disparate iRed Army. Abazange Russian ithuba elikhulu ukunqoba. Izakhamuzi enhlonhlweni yaseCrimea ekuqaleni Novemba 1941 waqala bakamalalahlengezela amshiye. Emadolobheni nangokucacile njengoba kusondela amabutho amaNazi waqala ukwethuka. Abantu babekhululeka lapho umzabalazo wangempela ngoba umhlaba kunoma iyiphi ezokuthutha.

Emigwaqweni Sevastopol e October no-November 1941, ukudideka wabusa. Emzini bashiye konke kungenzeka. Izibhedlela, ayihlomele e Sevastopol futhi nemipheme ezazigcwele elimele, kodwa umuntu ngaphambilini esiphuthumayo ngokushesha yonke abasebenzi bezokwelapha. Kakade namuhla, elibangise emzini ngefasitela we ibhasi noma isitimela endaweni Inkerman uzophawula ezinkulu omkhulu futhi yizinqwaba zamatshe. Laqhuma izibhedlela ezazisemizini zemibukiso. Kuphela kancane kwalimala asuswa khona ngemikhumbi-oda kaStalin. E. Nikolayeva, ongumhlengikazi esibhedlela ebonisa ukuthi Umhubhe ne "non-transportable" buhlungu abalimele ungazange efika isitha. SMERSH omele wahola blasting. Odokotela ababili baye benqaba kuphunywe. Ayebulewe kanye eyayilimele.

FS Oktyabrsky, Vice-Admiral Black Sea Fleet, njalo ebibanjelwe ngokwayo umchithi "Nesibindi". Yena zibuye zesabe imisebenzi ezihlobene ukuvikelwa imithambo esibhedlela nomgibeli kanye kumiswa ngohide lapho esabalele olwandle. Oktyabrsky kubhekwe ukuthi lezi zinkinga kumele ixazululwe abaphathi imikhumbi zomsebenzi. Lesi kwakungesinye sezizathu ukuthi phansi oLwandle Olumnyama zaphumela eziningi okungcono umgibeli imikhumbi nabantu akhona.

Izimo eziholela le nhlekelele

Ngokusho ukuchitha ubufakazi bofakazi kanye amadokhumenti atholakele kwaba ukwazi ukubuyisela izenzakalo ezandulela umkhumbi ukuhamba "Armenia" Novemba 6, 1941 I umkhumbi wawusengozini imigwaqo engaphakathi. "Armenia" ngokuxhamazela Kwangithatha babaleki nezakhamuzi kwabonayo. Isimo umkhumbi kakhulu ukumazisa. air kuphangwa German angaqala nganoma yisiphi isikhathi. Njengoba ingxenye enkulu yomsebenzi yempi ka oLwandle Olumnyama Fleet olwandle phezu oda of the Okthoba, kuhlanganise impi esheshayo engahlomile kakhulu "Molotov" lapho radar womkhumbi siteshi kuphela Navy "Redoubt-K."

Esikhathini Ngokuhlukaniswa Bay, kodwa "Armenia", ilayisha umkhumbi "Bialystok". "ECrimea" wathatha abantu kanye nempahla ngesikhathi pier Morzavoda. Loading kulezi imikhumbi Kwenziwa njalo. Plaushevsky, induna "Armenia", sayalwa ukuba sibe nezinhloli ngomkhumbi lisuka Sevastopol emahoreni angu 19 ngoNovemba 6. Lo mkhumbi kwakufanele alandele Tuapse. Kuphela umkhumbi Chaser encane iphansi kwesandla sika-PA Kulashova uLieutenant abaphezulu, wabelwa ukuba ahambe.

Ukuhamba "Armenia"

UCaptain Plaushevsky wayeqonda ukuthi kule obumnyama, ephelezelwa bakwazi kuphela ukunikeza esilayidi isikebhe ngomkhumbi futhi awuvikele kuhlasela isitha. Bekuyiziphi kuyacasula futhi kusimangaze induna, lapho watshelwa ukuba bawushiye lowo muzi alikho kusihlwa, futhi ngemva kwamahora angu-17, ngesikhathi namanje ukukhanya. Ngemva kokufa umkhumbi sanitary "Armenia" kulokhu kwase kusondele.

Ngemva kokushiya amahora 17 Sebastopol, umkhumbi eboshelwe at Yalta kuphela ngemuva kwamahora 9, t. E. Cishe 2 ezimpondweni. Izazimlando ziye wathola ukuthi indlela itholiwe oda amasha: ukuya balaclava futhi ucinga abasebenzi NKVD, abasebenzi bezokwelapha abagwaziweyo, njengoba amaJalimane kwaqhubeka kuthuthuka.

Okukhiphayo Yalta nokufa "Armenia"

kubika Plaushevskomu ukuthi izikhulu NKVD, izishoshovu party futhi izibhedlela 11 ne abalimele ukulayisha zilindele e Yalta. Lapho u-Admiral FS Ngo-October wangonyaka yabe seyaziwa ngokuthi "i-Armenia" kungenxa ephuma Yalta ntambama, yayala ukuba induna hhayi ukuhamba kufika emahoreni angu-19, okungukuthi, kuze kuhlwe. Okungenani, ngakho uthi amanothi sezempi yini. Ngo-October wangonyaka waphawula ukuthi zazingekho izimali unikeze ikhava lomkhumbi olwandle emoyeni. Umlawuli wamabutho wayala ukuba odiwe, kodwa noma iphuma Yalta. torpedo ekuhlaseleni German balishaya emahoreni angu-11. "Armenia" waba Ngishoné. Ngemuva kokuthola singene torpedo kwaba ntanta imizuzu 4.

Ingabe Okthoba ngaphambilini ukuhamba noma ngemuva kwamahora 19

Ukungabi kwemibhalo eyabhujiswa ngo-1949 futhi kamuva isinika isithunzi. Izazi-mlando azikwazi ukusiza kodwa usola ukuthi Okthoba wazama ukuthola iminyaka izaba ngemva kwale nhlekelele. Kodwa kufanele siqaphele ukuthi njengoba umlawuli imikhumbi Admiral wayazi isimo yaseshashalazini empi. Wayazi lapho umkhumbi "Armenia" kanye nesikhathi lapho ngomkhumbi ogwini. Ngo-October wangonyaka wazi ukuthi lesi isitsha hhayi zikhiphe, ngaphansi kokubusa emoyeni ngo izindiza German kuyinto target ekahle ekuhlaseleni dive futhi torpedo izindiza. Ukufa umkhumbi "Armenia" ngo-1941 uma usuku Ukuhamba kwakulula azicabange. Ngakho-ke, kungenzeka kakhulu ukuthi oda ebusuku ulinde, wayesalokhu wanika Plaushevskomu. Nokho, lo mkhumbi kwenzeka kumcimbi ezinye ezimbi oholele induna ukungamlaleli kule oda. Lena enye ukufa imfihlakalo emkhunjini "Armenia".

Ukulalela Plaushevsky

Asibuyele ukuhlola izenzakalo. Kuyaziwa ukuthi Plaushevskomu oda yokuqala inikezwe master washayelwa ngokucacile: kubalulekile ukuba sithathe abasebenzi bezokwelapha abagwaziweyo futhi ukulandela kusuka Sevastopol e Tuapse ebusuku. Khona-ke, i-umyalelo ophuthumayo etholwe ukuthi ukuhlenga abalimele kanye nezishoshovu party kudingeka ulandele e Yalta. Isikhathi "Armenia" kusukela Sevastopol lashintsha - kwadingeka ukuthi ahambe amahora ama-2 ngaphambi amahora 17. I-oda wasithathu, umhla yanikwa induna, wamenza futhi sithathe neziphathimandla ulimalile kwathi zendawo, ngaphandle kokuya Balaklava Bay. I-oda wesine okuyinto Plaushevsky wathola ekuseni kukaNovemba 7 FS Ngo-October wangonyaka, ngaphambilini ikwazi ukuhamba isuka Yalta kusihlwa, hhayi ngaphambi amahora 19. Ngendlela ongaziwa kwenzakala eziphukile. Ukaputeni wathumela isikebhe olwandle oluvulekile, 'Armenia ", ogama ukufa waba omunye kwezinhlekelele ezinkulu we yiMpi Enkulu Yobuzwe.

Akungabazeki Plaushevsky indiva oda kuphela ngoba kwadingeka avume komunye igunya, owawusendaweni ebhodini. Kwaba ubhoko SMERSH kanye NKVD, ezithathwe ebhodini. Abantu asele esikhumulweni semikhumbi, wazibona njengoba Plaushevsky phambi umyalo oku umthelela mooring, wathukuthela wagan 'unwabu. Yena kwahlokoma wafunga futhi wabheka kuhle kwesilo sokuvaleleka. Futhi Plaushevsky mayelana nokuthi iziphi izinhlelo nozakwethu akhuluma njengoba nje nomuntu ebona futhi nongenanembeza kakhulu. Yiqiniso, induna ezisengozini kulabo bayashesha ukushiya Yalta. Bethembisa kuye isijeziso ngenxa yokwenqaba ukuhambisana.

abasindile

"Armenia", eshicilelwe kusuka Yalta ekuseni, ephelezelwa unogada kolwandle, ngokushesha uhlaselwe ezimbili torpedo. Wayengakwazi ukuhamba futhi angu-30. Ngemva torpedoing umkhumbi untanta 4 imizuzu, bese yacwila umkhumbi "Armenia" (1941, November 7). Kuphela eziyisishiyagalombili babekhona ibhodi wakwazi ukubaleka. Phakathi kwawo kwakunodade owayesuka isosha Burmistrov IA Bocharov kanye nomsebenzi. Ngabona ngokufa "Armenia" futhi P. A. Kulashov uLieutenant lokuqala nomyali umzingeli zasolwandle. Lapho ebuyela Sevastopol, wayephenywa yi NKVD ngoba ngenyanga bese kukhishwa.

Kuyaqhubeka ukuthungathwa "Armenia"

Kwenzeka isimanga ukuthi amabalazwe awucacisanga ncamashi lapho mkhumbi wacwila, "Armenia". Indawo sokufa kwakhe kungaba azimisele cishe kuphela. American futhi Ukrainian izinjini baye benza imizamo ngokuhlanganyela ukuthola izinsalela umkhumbi, kuhlanganise usebenzisa othole, "Titanic" submersibles Billard. Sahlola eziningi kungenzeka ezindaweni izikhukhula. I eziningi zalezi zinsuku search uhlelo elisetshenziswa 2008. Wathi square iye uphenyo izikhathi 27 up and down! Izindleko bomkhankaso balinganiselwa ku $ 2 million. Ngenxa yalokho, kwatholakala isikebhe lushone, i badayisa isikebhe esidala, imikhono emagobolondweni. Nokho, kwakunzima ukuthola amathambo endoda "Armenia", ubude baso kwaba amamitha 110.

Asikwazi ukubeka eceleni amathuba ukuthi umkhumbi ehamba phansi emthambekeni ekujuleni ezinkulu, kuphi bakuthola kunzima kakhulu. Mhlawumbe endaweni ethile kukhona umkhumbi "Armenia" ezansi. Izithombe isayithi wabonisa ukuthi ubunjalo impumuzo yayo alikwenqabeli ukuphuza kungenzeka. Nokho, mhlawumbe yokuthi ochwepheshe nje awawabheki ke. Ukaputeni, beqaphela nathemba ngaleso simo, ungase ngomzuzu wokugcina ukwenza isinqumo ukuba ibuyele ku Sevastopol, ngaphansi kwesivikelo izindiza kanye flak isizinda esikhulu asolwandle. Nokho, cishe ukuthi Plaushevsky ngokulandela umyalelo, esasayinwa ngo-2am ngu Stalin yena, sayalwa ukuba sibe nezinhloli ukubuyela emuva izibhedlela abasebenzi. Into yokuqala kule dokhumenti yalotshwa nini, ukuthi Sevastopol akufanele akhiphe amaJalimane kunoma isiphi isimo. Lokhu kusho ukuthi-ke kuyadingeka ukuba babheke umkhumbi alikho Gurzuf. Kungenzeka, kuba abeam Cape Sarich, entshonalanga endaweni lapho wafuna. Le sayithi namanje engakaze uphenyo.

Sethemba, umkhumbi "Armenia" zizotholakala maduze. 1941 kuze kube sekugcineni esinye ebanga usizi kunazo zonke emlandweni Sevastopol. Izenzakalo kweMpi Yezwe II kufanele zihlolwe kabanzi, futhi "Armenia" siyasuswa phansi. The search of umkhumbi "Armenia" uyaqhubeka.