Kwekuhlela kabusha Stolypin sika

Ekuqaleni kwekhulu lama-20, eRussia lezwakala umbuzo ezinkulu nezokulima. Nakuba uhulumeni tsarist labetibambile inqubomgomo kwezomnotho yayihloselwe kakhulu ngesikhathi nokugcina ngokuphathelene namalungelo okusebenzisa umhlaba ezihloniphekayo, kuyinto ziyawohloka. Isimo wafuna ngenkuthalo angenele ubudlelwano phakathi umlimi mhlaba, asebenzise izindlela ezahlukene ukuze "amaphoyisa" injongo - ukuze ungabi ukuphikiswa ongumlimi, sivikele izithakazelo kulendawo.

Ngemva ukubiza i Duma Usihlalo omusha we Council of Ministers aqokwe Petr Arkadevich Stolypin. Isikhundla elalilisha ngalesosikhathi Russia, wafuna izinto ngenkani izinguquko ezinkulu. Umuntu bazokwazi niyifeza, futhi waqala Stolypin. Izinguquko kwaqala ngo 1900s zakuqala.

Stolypin kwekuhlela kabusha nezokulima eyenziwa ngo-1906 ngesisekelo esinqumweni ngonyaka ngoNovemba 9.

Amagoli bezingelwa ezintsha eziningana.

Stolypin guqula okokuqala, abangu okuhloswe ngawo ukudala isisekelo esiqinile emizaneni abanikazi abanamandla baye bayisekela kwamakhosi. Ukuphumelelisa lokhu kuthiwa uhlukanise abantukazana. Ngamanye amazwi, amapulazi eqinile, wajinge wanamatsela kusuka umzimba omkhulu, kwadingeka ukuba zibambe ukuhlaselwa inguquko emaphandleni.

Umgomo wesibili bezingelwa Stolypin guqula - ukuhlangana kwezenhlalo nezomnotho - ubekade zizama ukonakalisa umphakathi, ukuthuthukisa umkhakha wezimboni ezizimele. WezabaSebenzi, okwathi kamuva laba okwedlula, kumele anikezelwe ukugcinwa umkhakha ithuthuka ngokushesha emzini.

Injongo yesithathu - kwezomnotho - kwaba ukuqinisekisa ekuthuthukeni kwezolimo kanye namabubulo eminye yezwe.

Ngakho, Stolypin guqula yakhe eseyiqedile igebe phakathi eRussia kanye namazwe eziphambili zomhlaba.

Izinguquko kwadingeka ukuba kwenziwe ngaphansi kohlelo, kubandakanya imisebenzi njalo aphethwe futhi ahlobene. Izindawo ezisemqoka of kwekuhlela kabusha Stolypin sika kwakuyilawa:

- kumiswa yangasese ;

- ukuqedwa imiphakathi;

- imfundo ebhange ongumlimi;

- ukunyakaza co-operative,

- yokufuduka abalimi;

- agrokulturnogo mcimbi.

Isinqumo Novemba 9 yethula izinguquko eziphawulekayo ngokuphathelene namalungelo okusebenzisa umhlaba ongumlimi umhlaba. Abantu banikezwa ilungelo ophumayo kusukela Community esibekelwe ngasinye isiqeshana ezikhishwe komhlaba. Kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi akuwona wonke abalimi bavumelana ukuze izinguquko ezizayo. Uhulumeni kule ndaba, ukuze zithathe amanyathelo okususa imiphakathi enobudlova.

Ngokusho imiyalelo yenkosi eminyakeni 1906-07 Abalimi Bank wawuyingxenye umqhele kanye nesimo amazwe. It kulindeleke ukuthengisa iziza ukugcwalisa lokhu kusilela. Abalimi yalokho kakhulu ziyancipha isikweletu esanele, babexoxa izinzuzo. umphumela asebenzayo Kwenziwa yiBhange. Ngakho-ke, abalimi ukuba bathenge umhlaba ukusebenzisa kwangasese, ezinqatshelwe.

Abalimi banelungelo kuthuthwa ngaphandle kwemingcele. Kulokhu, uhulumeni wathola imali yamaphepha e abantu kudivayisi ezindaweni ezintsha. Abalimi baphinde ukunakekela okuhle kwezokwelapha imbozwe imali yomphakathi, nokwakhiwa kwemigwaqo.

ubudlelwane Credit sivunyelwa ukuba siqhubeke umthengi, yokuthengisa, ama cooperatives ukukhiqizwa. Abalimi wadala oily futhi avalele ama cooperatives, izitolo umthengi, emphakathini othanda ukulima.

Inkinga eyinhloko ekuthuthukiseni intuthuko kwezomnotho sasibhekwa njengophawu lokuthi isiko ongaphakeme kwezolimo, kanye nokungazi iningi abakhiqizi. Ngesikhathi kwekuhlela kabusha ezahlukene, abalimi wathola usizo ngendlela ivela amasevisi Agro ikakhulukazi. Umsebenzi walaba izinhlangano yayihloselwe izifundo zokuqeqesha ku ukwethulwa eziphambili nokutadisha butholakala enqubweni eyinkimbinkimbi yokuthela amafomu ekhona zokukhiqiza.

Naphezu emikhulu izinguquko abazoba, kwabona bayizehluleki. Izizathu ngenxa lapho Yiqiniso Ukhulelwe akubangelwa, izici eziningi zibhekwa. Phakathi kwabo, yebo, ukufa Stolypin. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izazi-mlando ziye zaphawula ukulinganiselwa abantukazana, ukungafuni yayo ukushintsha. Nokho, uma kwekuhlela kabusha Stolypin sika ezalethwa ke, ngokuvumelana abacwaningi, Russia xwaya October Revolution.