Kwaba kanjani ubunye France: izimbangela, izigaba. Wayengubani Umphikisi likasoseshini French

NgeNkathi Ephakathi, sona kancane kancane ngokuhlaziya phansi kwehlukana amakhosi asendulo. Empire yaqhakaza phansi. Umlilo kanye nobunzima ukuqonda bazalwa isimo esisodwa idinga igunya namandla emaphakathi. Ngendlela efanayo, kancane futhi kunzima, kukhona i association of France. Kulelizwe wezolimo sakhula futhi kwaqinisa edolobheni, athuthukiswe ngokuphelele nalo okuhweba nezentengiselwano. Yayinjani French Association, utshele kulesi sihloko.

Ngo nenkulungwane yokuqala

ekhulwini lesishiyagalolunye abuqede umbuso noKarla Velikogo. It yaphahlazwa njengesitsha ipuleti phansi - ku izingcezu ezincane. Enye yalezi izingcezwana - ezweni franc entshonalanga - umbuso, lapho wathola inzalo koMbusi noKarla Velikogo wokubusa - lwamakhosi Carolingian buthaka, okwakuyohambisana ukonakala kophawu. amandla Royal ngesikhathi ayikwazanga sibizwe nangokuthi ababuthakathaka - kwakukhona cishe awekho amandla. Wayengubani Umphikisi likasoseshini French? Ingabe leso sikhathi.

Lapho eshona, Carolingian odlule, bonke France ingalingana a isikhwama sikamalusi - lelincane the Ile-de-France kanye emazweni asembulungeni Orleans naseParis. Ngo 987 inkosi wagcotshwa Gugo Kapet. Ngokwemvelo, futhi Hugo noma ezinye Capet esihlalweni sobukhosi France akakuthandanga lesi simo, uma akhonze ngaphansi kwabo - inkosana yaseNormandy, isibonelo, ziye zaba izikhathi eziningana nje bacebe kakhulu amakhosi, kodwa futhi namandla kunomFilisti kubo. Ingabe kukhona kungenzeka nezinye izizathu ubunye France?

Capet

Wasinda Capet lokuqala sobukhosi, it is ngokoqobo ngokulingene ngomlenze owodwa, kodwa simelane, ukusinda, waqina, wabusa kuze 1328, njalo priraschivaya endaweni kodwa futhi kuqeda amandla akhonze. Umkhaya enempilo kakhulu nge isikhathi eside, okuyinto eziphoqelelwe ngokuqhubeka inqubomgomo main. amadodana Okudala kakhulu ngokuvamile ethwele abangaphezu yezimpilo zabo, ngakho impikiswano ngokulandelana awenzekanga.

Yiqiniso, 'Yonke imindeni enezimvu awo amnyama, "hhayi sonke Capet lazibonakalisa ababusi unamakhono. Nokho, lesi simo kufanele kubhekwe ngeso elibanzi. kwaba kanjani inhlangano French ngaphansi kwazo izimo? Izwe medieval kuyinto disparate ngakho futhi lincane kakhulu yimuphi umzamo isimanga, njengoba izimpahla zenani elikhulu eziyifa (domain bobukhosi) iphethwe ukwandisa kakhulu. I impumelelo lokuqala inhlangano French kufanele uzikhiphe ohlwini Capet.

nezitha ezinamandla

Barely ukubabuyisela Louis VI yokuvukela baronial, ukuthatha njengoba umthetho ukusekela abaqokiwe abantu, ebanikeza ngisho ehhovisi eliphakeme umphakathi kulesi sibalo ngenxa yobuqotho esizayo; nje kabusha elidala isonto Carolingian in the cloister lokuqala Gothic ngempela Saint-Denis, ukuthatha futhi okwamanje umeluleki Abbe Suger, laseNormandy uvele Duke uWilliam. Yebo, okufanayo - uMnqobi.

Isimo sezombusazwe kuze kube semkhawulweni wokugcina nzima ukunqoba England uWilliam ngo-1066. Njengoba selikhonza yenkosi isiFulentshi, uWilliam ngokwakhe waba yinkosi - nenkosi unamandla khulu ekhaya, ezikhulayo kakhulu ngesilinganiso kakhulu zibe zingenayo Capet. Henry II eyayike kakade "mini-Angevin Empire", waba umbusi of England, eNormandy, Anjou, Aquitaine namazwe amaningi ezakha ingxenye enkulu France yesimanje. I ecasulayo kakhulu wukuthi uma sikucela owayengufakazi owayephikisana ubunye France, kuyomelwe aphendule - akhonze ngaphansi kwabo siqu.

Young, kodwa ekuqaleni

Nanhlanu Korol filipp II wathatha udzimelele ekulungiseni lesi simo. lihlakaniphile, raschotliv futhi ngezinye izikhathi ngisho ukusetshenziswa ebhizinisini okubi, he was fike of isiguli kakhulu futhi kude ababubukela osopolitiki Ephakathi. Hhayi ize Philip Awugustu waziwa. Owayezimisele Umphikisi ubunye yeFrance, waba isitha senkosi.

Ukukhethwa inqubomgomo angaphandle kwaqoqwa amazwe endaweni ukubopha, yangaphakathi - izakhe kuluthola. Philip ngokulinganayo zabhekana kangcono nalezi ukuthi, kanye nabanye. Kukho kwakukhona ezihlukahlukene amathalenta - umholi omkhulu, usomaqhinga ngobuqili kanye lesishaya ohlakaniphile umphathi omkhulu waqhubeka abasebasha, kodwa hhayi izidalwa ethambile.

Philip neNgilandi

Henry II, inkosi yase-England, eNormandy, futhi uhlu kuqhubeka, kanzima ihlaselwe umbusi omusha wase-France. Naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi phakathi kwemibuso emibili kwaphethwa ngokuthi umfelandawonye, Philip sakara ngakho ngempumelelo ukuthi abantwana bakwa-Henry ekhululekile kakhulu Angevin umbuso wavukela njalo.

On owalandela uHenry - Richard Mina - ziye ukuvuthwa ngesikhathi Philip usongo kuhlulekile, kodwa waphenduka zobungane ngokuhlanganyela impi. Kodwa nge umbusi ozayo - Johane abangenamihlaba bakwazi ukusingatha ngokushesha, kalula futhi ukulahlekelwa iphansana. Injongo inhlangano French yezindleko.

Okokuqala Philip wetha uJohane ku necala lokubulala indodana yomfowabo, u-Arthur, nokho, yena wafa ngaphansi kwezimo engaqondakali kakhulu. John akabonakalanga. UFiliphu ashaqa nazo zonke izimpahla zakhe, okwakukhona ezwekazini, ngenxa yokwephula isifungo sokwethembeka.

Ngemva kweminyaka emine empini futhi ngemva kokunqotshwa British ngo 1214, uPhilippe wajoyina amazwe French yaseNormandy, hhayi kuphela, kodwa futhi we Anjou, futhi ngaphezu eziningi izindawo enyakatho. Lawa kwakungamadodana impumelelo lokuqala inhlangano French.

impi

I Albigensians babe abantu kumnandi. UPapa ngokushesha akakuthandanga: i troubadours, Knights, izimbongi ngokucacile imbozwe baqede, uma ngithi ukuthi iNkosi akubona bonke-ezinhle futhi-sonke esinamandla. Of lokuhlubuka Yama-Albigenses ofakwe izifundazwe ezimbalwa eningizimu yeFrance - Toulouse, Languedoc, Provence. Ngesikhathi inkantolo Ukubala Raymond of Toulouse wahlanganisa abantu abanamakhono kakhulu futhi okhazimulayo isikhathi sakhe.

North-French e-call of the uPapa bamasha baya Albigenses. Kepha uFiliphu, Okwamanje, waqinisa emngceleni osenyakatho, kuyilapho akhonze yakhe kuminze igazi nesiko Languedoc.

Ukholo kwezicebi babe okweqile, nokuhaha kwangisiza kakhulu. Southern Region futhi, ngokukhethekile, esikhathini Languedoc - babhujiswe futhi wabulawa, futhi, beza ngaphansi kwegunya France. Philip Nokho, lokhu ayisekho ezitholakele. Ngu 1224 impi yi etholwe, njengoba isinyathelo esilandelayo endleleni France inhlangano.

Ngokusho mlando iNkosi uPhilip Awugustu waseFrance usukela ngokuhlanganisa izinyathelo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, iphuzu omuhle kwaba ukuqiniswa kanye nokuhlanganiswa igunya olulodwa kanye kusungulwe indlela sasivumela ehambisanayo yokuphatha kahle. Kodwa kufanele kuphawulwe ukuthi uFiliphu akusho ayakuzonda bafinyelele imigomo yabo.

ekhulwini nantathu

St Louis wabusa yeFrance kusukela 1226 kuya 1270. Wayaziwa njengoba zenzisa futhi bahlakaniphe kangakanani, yena waba abagcotshwa yisonto wamaRoma. Ngokuphindaphindiwe wakhonza njengombonisi ahluleli ku umbango phakathi mithi, kodwa njengoba abanolaka izinzuzo zenkolo ngoba emunye France akazange miss neze kwaluqinisa kakhulu amandla wasebukhosini.

France lapho yayisibonakala izwe elihle, isikhungo kwamasiko, okuyinto luhlala eYurophu nase emhlabeni wonke kuze kube yilolu suku. Bese ngaphansi ephikweni inkosi ehlakaniphile zathuthelekela abavela kulo lonke elase engcono izazi, troubadours, futhi abalobi. Zazakhiwe amasonto omangalisayo Chartres, Amiens futhi waseReims. Nansi indlela inyunyana senzeka eFrance phakathi nokubusa St. Louis.

Naphezu ubungcwele bakhe esikhathini esizayo, neRoma ngesikhathi Louis IX savela ubuhlobo eziyinkimbinkimbi. Ngo 1269 wanyathelisa imvume pragmatic, okuyinto wakhulula yeFrance kusukela izinhlawulo nezinkokhelo iminikelo endaweni yengcebo Roman wamemezela ukuzimela yesonto French kusukela nesonto laseRoma. Izenzo kuPapa Innocent IV, Louis kakhulu wabasola.

Philip IV Fair, kanye sezwe

Umzukulu St Louis yayingase ibizwe ngokuthi Philip ukungathembeki. Kodwa kubhekwa enhle. Nobuhle kwaba unembeza namandla. Ngokusobala, abaningi ngoba wokubusa kaFiliphu kwaba nesikhathi ukwehla kwamandla amakhosi asendulo, ngaleyo ndlela kwaqiniswa ohlanga kuleli zwe, lokho waphumelela. Umsebenzi wawoyise ngayo yonke indlela, waqhubeka, ngangokunokwenzeka. Izimbangela inhlangano French ngeke abashiye. Philippe ukulungiselela izwe ukubusa edlulela emasimini amasha.

Ngo ezombusazwe, le nkosi wanqoba ubudlova nesihluku. Lezo zinto zenziwa yilawa izimo kwenkathi. Kodwa nakhu iqiniso ezithakazelisayo: ekuseni ongumfelokazi, washada futhi, ethembeke kwaze kwaba womshado oshonile. Iletha ndawonye eziningi ngisho ne kokufuna kwakhe ukuvelela oweqile. Izigaba ubunye France nangemva wokubusa kaFiliphu aziphelelanga lapho. Le nqubo wathatha cishe yonke inkathi Ephakathi.

Ithonya French ngaphansi Philip waqinisa e-Europe, ngisho kusukela ukulahlekelwa - empini Flanders nesijeziso we Templars - lizwe nebutho lalo Wamukele cwilisa ezinhle, okwenezela isabelomali nezikhali. Nalapha kwagqamuka kuba nokungqubuzana British ezingeziwanga France Gascogne - yifa Edward I. Flanders futhi kuhlulekile wayithatha. Kodwa nanku UPapa Boniface VIII, Filiphu, waboshwa. Bese kuthi-ke engumFulentshi kuhlulekile wokuqoka uPapa Clement V, owathuthela sokuhlala eseRoma Avignon. Kwaba ukunqoba okukhulu, njengoba kungekho i association of France - uma kungenjalo ngokwendawo, kodwa kazwelonke confessional.

Imiphumela likasoseshini France

Kancane kancane ngaqala ukuthanda balolonge ulimi olufanayo, ngakho labantu Bitty wezwe waqala ukuzizwa, bonke basizwe sinye. Zadala isimo esihle sokuthuthukiswa isiko, ubuciko okwaduma ukusungula imfundo.

Kodwa kuphela kuze kube sekupheleni kwekhulu xv, France wakwazi ukuthola zonke izici lapho sebebuswa inkosi eyodwa. Ngaphansi Louis XI lidlule kabusha kuze kube nini nanini futhi ushintsho. Amadolobha babengalikhokhi izinsizwa. Akhonze ngaphansi bakwazi ukuthenga indlela yabo kuzo inkonzo yezempi. ibutho Mercenary baba, yona yayingafanele zavedon intela ekhethekile.

Ishintsha cishe zonke ekuphathweni isimo. Ubudlelwano namanye amazwe ziye kwenzeka phezulu - lasebukhosini - the akhonze ezingeni akuvunyelwe.

Izintela babe unomphela. Kwakukhona izikhulu ukuphatha yonke le umnotho. Jikelele States wayeka obize. bezinye izizwe bamenywa ukudala i umkhakha ezibe nomthelela njengoba amadolobha ekhula futhi ukuhweba.