Worm yisinanakazana: izinhlobo, izilinganiso ingozi nokulawula

Iningi kwezinhlobo zezinto eziphilayo ezikhona kule planethi yethu amakhulu eminyaka futhi zeminyaka, balandela indlela yokuziphendukela kwemvelo nezinye intuthuko begazi. Nokho, kukhona abamele yasendle ukuthi impumelelo enkulu izuzwe ngendlela ehluke ngokuphelele - noma abaphindela yokuncishiswa inhlangano. Kwenzeka kanjani lokhu nokuthi kungaba wusizo? It kuvela ukuthi kuwumbandela ezidingekile esingayifunda ekuziphatheni kwale yokuphila yisinanakazana. Ikakhulukazi babhekana ngokuphumelelayo ekuphileni kwabanye ephethwe ahlukahlukene izinhlobo zezikelemu ezingena impahla - helminths, okuyinto sizobe ukukhuluma okwengeziwe.

Isakhiwo izibungu yisinanakazana

Ngu helminths noma izibungu yisinanakazana, zihlanganisa eziphilayo yokuthi baye bazivumelanisa bahlala ezincelisayo nezinye izidalwa, kuhlanganise nomuntu, ngokubeka umsebenzi wakhe impilo umonakalo impilo ngisho ukuphila kwezinkulungwane zebandla. isibungu ngasinye yisinanakazana uyakwazi ukushintsha phezu ngibone umjikelezo wokuphila kwe Sebawoti eziningana. Kuyadingeka ukuba alondoloze amandla futhi basinde amaqanda, ie inzalo esizayo.

Yiqiniso, ikilasi ngalinye nabameleli bayo owavele, afakwa izici uwahlukanise komunye nomunye bese uvumele izimuncagazi ahluke. Nokho kungenzeka ukwaba izici eziningana ezivamile emimoya zonke isihlava yisinanakazana.

1. Isakhiwo umzimba izitho, ekhonza ukuze okubambelela emzimbeni aphethe. Izibonelo sucker izingwegwe.
2. Ukuba khona integument ekhethekile, hhayi sivumele umzimba aphethe ukuze kugayeke lezo zinto.
3. Bakubona nenzalo amaqanda esinabantu abayizigidi eziningana ngesikhathi esisodwa futhi isakhiwo eziyinkimbinkimbi kwesimiso sokuzala (uhlobo ngokuvamile androgynous).
4. Ukuhlehla ku ukwakheka kwazo zonke izinzwa. Wokugaya ukudla bese uhlelo excretory njengoba elula ku isakhiwo nokusebenza. Ukuphefumula wenziwa kulo ebusweni nomzimba.
5. Ikhono nokuzala omunye esiteji elalikudle lapho liseyisibungu.

Zonke lezi zici zenza izinhlobo ezahlukene izibungu yisinanakazana, a izidalwa okudingeka bashintshashintshe ngayo futhi kuyingozi kakhulu, ukuba basinde cwe.

Ukwahlukanisa izibungu yisinanakazana

ezimbili kuphela amaqembu ayinhloko la magciwane kungathiwa.

1. Uhlobo Flatworms. Lokho amafomu yisinanakazana kukhona amakilasi Belt, Flukes. Izinhlobo flatworms yisinanakazana ukuthi uthayiphe: tapeworm sezinkomo, ingulube tapeworm, ezibanzi izinhlanzi tapeworm, Echinococcus, Elisengozini yisikhohliso, Schistosoma, leykohloridy ayindida, Fluke nabanye.
2. Thayipha Roundworms. Class Empeleni roundworms. Izibonelo zezinto eziphilayo anisakids, pinworm, izikelemu, hookworm, sezikelemu, whipworm, Trichinella, filaria, nabanye.

Izinhlobo izibungu yisinanakazana zahlukahlukene kakhulu. Izazi Ubude ziye zakhomba abamele abanye 300 abangakwazi ukuphila emzimbeni igama lomuntu siqu, ingasaphathwa nezinye izilwane. Umonakalo obangelwa alezi zilwanyana, ngempela ngezinye izikhathi ungalungiseki.

Class Empeleni roundworms: amafomu yisinanakazana

Kuqhathaniswa flatworms, leli qembu mayelana netakhiwo umzimba ngaphezulu kakhulu athuthukile. Ngakho, lesi sigaba of izibungu yisinanakazana ine izici ezilandelayo.

1. Dioecious. Abesilisa babe testes futhi vas ukuvulwa isiteshi phakathi hindgut. Abesifazane - amaqanda, ngokuhlanganisa ngendlela emomozini ezivamile. Ukuzala kuphela.
2. ikhono okuphansi yokuvuselela izingxenye labalahlekile umzimba, njengoba inani lamaseli lilinganiselwe.
3. Kubonakala ingquza. Ngakho, isimiso sokugaya ukudla bungene ine uhlobo ngamapayipi elula, esakhiwa ingxenye temlomo, maphakathi kanye umsele bendunu.
4. Isimiso sezinzwa siqukethe ganglia. Nakuba silula, kodwa akhona nokho.
5. Excretory uhlelo uhlobo protonephridia.
6. Umzimba nemigubuzelo izingqimba ezintathu, yangaphandle - the hypodermis. It has abavikeli hhayi kuphela, kodwa futhi umsebenzi lwamathambo. Iphinde ukudlula umzimba.
7. maphakathi umzimba imatasa psevdotselyu - umgodi lapho kukhona uketshezi. Yena udlala indima yegazi.

A isibungu yisinanakazana alesi sigaba kungaholela zokuphila ezihlukahlukene. Ngakho, ukukhululwa bio- futhi geoparazitov. Ngu biohelminths kufanele kuhlukaniswe labo izinhlobo esikhundleni ngesikhathi empilweni abanikazi ezimbalwa futhi ngaleyo ndlela ukusakaza. Ngu geohelminthes - yalabo abanhliziyo esiphelweni senzeka imvelo bangaphandle.

whipworm

Lokhu izikelemu yisinanakazana libhekisela geohelminthes, ngoba wayengumuntu ukuphindaphindeka ukukhula nokuthuthuka kudinga izimo ezimbili:

• khona umzimba womuntu;
• umhlaba ezivamile ezimanzi.

Nge izidingo ezinjalo nesizotha akumangalisi yini ukuthi ukwanda kwezimo helminth eliphezulu kakhulu. Ngu uqobo, worm omdala akuvamile ifinyelela ubude 5 cm kwabesilisa nabesifazane kuhluke ukuphela ezingemuva umzimba :. Ekuqaleni it is uqweqwe bese spirally nesisontekile, kanti eyesibili - i asamicwana side.

It feeds amagciwane akuyona okuqukethwe emathunjini womuntu, okungukuthi igazi layo, ngakho ekwelapheni nemiphumela yayo zidinga ekhethekile. Yena kuthinta kakhulu odongeni emathunjini, ngakho-ke kungabangela ukuvuvukala. imikhiqizo abasesitelekeni umzimba womsebenzi walo.

Lesi sifo kubangelwa lesi silwane ngokuthi trichocephalosis. Ukutheleleka kwenzeka ngokusebenzisa ethintekayo contact kanye nezithelo eziyikhethelo ezinodaka nemifino, amanzi. Kuyinto ngalezi zindaba kukhona amaqanda bochonkovidnye amagciwane, okuyinto ukufinyelela izinga lokuzala phakathi nomzimba emasontweni ambalwa.

Ekhombisa amaqanda nge indle nokuthuthukiswa basesimweni imvelo - e, inhlabathi olumanzi efudumele. Emuva indoda kugwinywe futhi.

pinworm

A izikelemu yisinanakazana ukuthi kwenzeka cishe njalo ingane yesibili kungenzeka kube khona futhi omdala. izimuncagazi ezincane ezimhlophe akuvamile lafinyelela nobude obungamamitha angaphezu 5 mm. sici sabo esisemqoka, evumela ngakho ziyasatshalalaiswa, - ukungabi khona ushintsho umnikazi. Ziyakwazi yisinanakazana emzimbeni munye, ukudla okuqukethwe amathumbu akhe.

Ebusuku aphume ingquza kanye ididi emjikelezweni walala eziningi amaqanda. Lokhu kubangela ukulunywa somntwana ngokucasuka kwakhe bengazi iqala ephusheni KLWEBHEKA kule ndawo. Ngakho amaqanda ukuze zingena ngaphansi izinzipho, lapho futhi ngalo ingaphakathi ngomlomo kanye izinto ezizungezile.

Ngemva kokubekela amaqanda, insikazi uyafa. Ngakho-ke, esimweni lapho kabusha KWAMAGUNDANE is hhayi waphawula, kungase ukwelapha umzimba ngaphandle kokungenela wezokwelapha. Isifo esibangelwa pinworms, ibizwa ngokuthi Enterobiasis.

fleshworm

Worm yisinanakazana khona ubukhulu lincane kakhulu. Akuvamile sifinyelela ubude 3.5 mm. Amaduna ezincane. Libhekisela biohelminths. Izimuncagazi e abantu nezilwane ezincelisayo. Yashaya imisipha njengoba onqenqema bazohlala kuzo. Insikazi ngayinye ongabeka eziningi amaqanda (kufika ku eziyinkulungwane 2), bese befa.

Sekuphele izinyanga cishe ezimbili amaqanda zibe izibungu, okuyinto ne samanje lymph negazi kwasakazeka umzimba, eqinisa imisipha futhi lungasebenzi kahle. Izifo esibizwa trichinosis, nge ukungcoliswa eqinile nezilokazane ke kungaba yingozi.

Uhlobo Flat, ikilasi Ezikelemu

Abamele lolu hlobo kungaba khulula-eziphilayo kanye namafomu yisinanakazana. Ngoba bonke zinezikhathi ezinye izici ku Ukuklanywa komzimba.

1. wesimethri Bilateral.
2. Ukuntuleka kokukhulumisana ngalo ingaphakathi lomzimba.
3. Umthamo omkhulu ukuba ukuvuselelwa.
4. yokuncishiswa Maximum wokugaya ukudla.
5. Iningi zinhlobo - hermaphrodites.

Izinambuzane eziyinhloko amakilasi amabili - Belt futhi Flukes.

tapeworm Okubanzi futhi Echinococcus

tapeworm Okubanzi - a tapeworm yisinanakazana, esikhundleni Sebawoti ezintathu ukuphila. Eyokuqala yalezi kukhona ezinamagobolondo, kwesibili - izinhlanzi, sesithathu nesokugcina - indoda. Ubude lezi helminths lingafika elingamamitha ambalwa. Zidla on okuqukethwe emathunjini, okubangela abukhali kuka yendlala yokuntuleka izinto ngenxa yokuphila umnikazi.

Ukutheleleka kwenzeka ngokusebenzisa izinhlanzi odla abantu. Lesi sifo okuthiwa bothriocephaliasis.

Echinococcus - futhi tapeworm yisinanakazana. engavamile yayo wukuthi indoda ngaye - ibutho Lesisemkhatsini. izinja nezimpisi kuyizinto eziyinhloko. Nokho, kanye umzimba womuntu, izibungu abazenzi ngu egazini. hexacanth - izibungu ke hamba. Bakha bubble ukuthi iyaqala sikhule. Lesi sifo okuthiwa yisifo hydatid.

Zombili lezi zinhlobo amagciwane kubhekwe babe imigqa eziningana ukuziqonda izingwegwe ukhula lwenkohlakalo egcwele impi kuka ukwenza umonakalo owengeziwe futhi zibangele ubuhlungu. Kuyinto nezinye izimuncagazi ezivamile nolwesabekayo ibhande kuyinto uchungechunge - sezinkomo kanye porcine.

Schistosoma futhi leykohloridy nakuba

Ukuze ezinye izibungu yisinanakazana zinezikhathi ushintsho yomnikazi iqhaza gastropods? Impendulo iwukuthi kungenxa flukes eziningi. Lokhu worm, ezithinta amaswidi eziningi. Kuyinto wona awashintsheki emzimbeni yempi sokugcina, okuyinto umuntu.

Schistosoma - uhlobo, ukutheleleka okwenzeka lapho ngokuluhlaza ageza amanzi, lapho sibhukuda izibungu. Zidla on igazi ezincelisayo. ingozi yabo eyinhloko - spikes emzimbeni bona, ibhoboze izindonga zangaphakathi, kubenze ukuvuvukala, ukubukeka izinhlumba, izimila. Buyisa ku nzima la izimuncagazi.

Leykohloridy nakuba - uyawasebenzisa gastropods njengoba omunye Sebawoti. Iphuzu lokugcina ukuphila kwalesi impethu amkhethile izinyoni. Kuyathakazelisa ukuthi emzimbeni lomnenke isibungu luyakhula futhi convex ukuze lubonakale kusukela ngaphandle. It sifana isibungu elikhanyayo oluhlaza, okuyinto edonsela izinyoni. Bona Peck ke, okuholela ukungcola.

Izinyathelo yokulwa izibungu yisinanakazana

Ukulwa izibungu yisinanakazana - kungakhathaliseki lula. Okubaluleke kakhulu - mkhosi ngokucophelela zonke izinyathelo ezidingekile izifo. Lokubaluleke kakhulu iyona inhlanzeko yomuntu siqu noma waseningini. Ngaphandle le mpi amaqanda helminth kungenzeka. Okwesibili, ngokuqinisekile ukucutshungulwa ezinhle ezishisayo ukudla.

Ukwelashwa ngayinye uhlobo oluthile amagciwane ngokuqinile ngamunye futhi ngabelwa udokotela. Ngokuvamile kuba tablet ( "Vermoxum", "Dekaris", "Pyrantel" nokunye. D.). Nokho, ezimweni ezinzima kakhulu futhi kudingeka imijovo, IVs, ngemisebe eminye imiphumela.