Kusukela lapho ijubane ukuhwamuka ketshezi kuncike? Ingabe Zikhona Izimo Ezenza ezinomthelela inqubo

Sonke owaziwa kusukela ebuntwaneni iqiniso elilodwa elishiwo ongathí sina ngokuphila nangokukhulekela. Ukuze kuphole itiye hot, kubalulekile ukuba uthele abandayo ekushayweni esosweni njalo phezu ubuso bayo. Uma uku iminyaka eyisithupha noma eyisikhombisa, abangekho cabanga imithetho yemvelo, nje ukuwamukela 'njengempahla unikezwa, noma, uma sikubeka ngokomzimba ukuthatha kalula. Nokho, ukufunda kusukela esikhathini isayensi, sithola ezithakazelisayo ukufana axioms futhi ubufakazi uhambisane, kancane kancane ukuguquguquka ezinganeni zethu ezizathwini omdala theorem. Kuyafana nge itiye hot. Akekho kithi wayengakaze acabange ukuthi le ndlela ka Ukupholisa ngokuqondile okuhlobene ukuhwamuka uketshezi.

inqubo Physics

Ukuze uphendule umbuzo yini enquma ijubane ukuhwamuka ketshezi, kubalulekile ukuqonda physics yenqubo uqobo. Ukuhwamuka - inqubo yoguquko isigaba kusuka into ewuketshezi esimweni gaseous ka wokuhlanganisa. Can shabalala iyiphi into ewuketshezi, kuhlanganise viscous kakhulu. Ngokubukeka futhi ungasho ukuthi uhlobo slurry jelly-like kungenzeka ukuthi ulahlekelwe ngeminye yesisindo sayo ngenxa ukuhwamuka, kodwa lokhu kwenzekani ngaphansi kwezimo ezithile. Umzimba okuqinile ingaphinda shabalala kuphela inqubo ebizwa ngokuthi i Sublimation.

kangakanani

Ukuqala ukuqonda ukuthi yini enquma ngesilinganiso ukuhwamuka ketshezi, kufanele uqale kusukela iqiniso lokuthi lokhu kuyinto inqubo endothermic, isb inqubo odlulayo ukuba ukumuncwa ukushisa. Ukuvutha isigaba inguquko (ukushisa yokuhwamuka) idlulisela amandla kuze kube-molecule ndaba, ukukhuphula ijubane yabo nokukhuphula amathuba bahlale ngokwahlukana, buthaka amandla tekubumbana yamangqamuzana ezinto eziphilayo. Ingungu yensimbi ekhaliswayo ngokushaywa kude impahla ngobuningi, amangqamuzana esheshayo kuthiwa uhoxile kwemingcele yayo, futhi impahla ilahlekelwa isisindo salo. Ngesikhathi esifanayo bakhishwe molecule ketshezi owavele abilisiwe, ukuzivocavoca e ukwehlukana esigabeni ushintsho inqubo kanye okukhipha yabo sekuqhubeke esimweni gaseous.

isicelo

Ukuqonda ukuthi yini ebangela incike izinga ukuhwamuka ketshezi, kungaba ngokukhalipha alawule izinqubo ezenzeka kubo. Ngokwesibonelo, conditioner lomoya, ukushisa-evaporator, okuyinto amathumba le refrigerant ukuthatha ukushisa egumbini Ukupholisa noma ngamanzi abilayo amashubhu kubhayela zezimboni, sokushisa idluliselwe Ukushisa kanye nezidingo amanzi ashisayo. Ekuqapheleni lokho izimo ngesilinganiso ukuhwamuka ketshezi kuncike, kunikeza ithuba ukuklama futhi akhiqize imishini yesimanje nezobuchwepheshe Ubukhulu icwecwe futhi nge ukushisa eliphezulu ukudluliswa Coefficient.

lokushisa

isimo Liquid ingahlalisekanga kakhulu. Lapho yethu yasemhlabeni n. y. (Umqondo "kwezimo ezivamile", okusho efanelekayo ukuphila komuntu), avame ngezikhathi bangene esigabeni okuqinile noma gaseous. Kwenzeka kanjani lokhu? Kusukela lapho ijubane ukuhwamuka ketshezi kuncike?

Umbandela eyinhloko - lokhu Yebo, izinga lokushisa. Kunamandla thina nokushisa ewuketshezi, amandla sithatha ukuba amangqamuzana we ketshezi, aba maningi izibopho yamangqamuzana esisihlephunayo, ngokushesha kukhona esigabeni ushintsho inqubo. Apotheosis luzuzwe engaguquki nucleate abilayo. Amanzi amathumba at 100 ° C ngesikhathi umfutho womoya. Ingaphezulu imbiza noma, isibonelo, embizeni lapho amathumba, Uma unganakile ngokuphelele bushelelezi. Lapho ukwanda amaningi esithombeni sibona iziqongo engapheli abukhali, njengoba ezintabeni. Heat lisetshenziswa ichashaza yalezi iphakama ngamunye, futhi ngenxa ongaphakeme ukudluliswa ukushisa kwamanzi ngokushesha effervesce, ukwakha umoya bubble, okuyinto antante phezulu, lapho ibhidlike. Yingakho lokhu kubizwa ngokuthi i-bubble abilayo. Izinga ukuhwamuka kwamanzi ngaleso esiphezulu.

ingcindezi

Eyesibili ipharamitha ezibalulekile lapho izinga ukuhwamuka ketshezi kuncike - lokhu ingcindezi. Ngokunciphisa ingcindezi ngaphansi kwamanzi asemkhathini uqala ubilise at okushisa aphansi. Lomgomo kusekelwe umsebenzi edumile ingcindezi cooker - izimbiza ekhethekile, lapho kuleyo ndawo futhi amanzi wayebilisa kakade 70-80 ° C. Senyusa izinga lomfutho womoya, kunalokho, kwandisa izinga lokushisa umsebenzi wokupheka inhlama. Lesi sici ewusizo isetshenziswa ukuphakela amanzi ashisayo kusukela CHP ku CTP, futhi ITP kuphi ukusindisa idluliselwe ukushisa umthamo amanzi sishisiswe izinga 150-180 degrees, lapho kubalulekile ukuvala amathuba effervescence yayo amaphayiphi.

nezinye izinto

ekushayweni olunzulu nge lokushisa kwamanzi ketshezi kuyinto ngaphezu kwezinga lokushisa lendawo lomoya ekusakazeni okuphakelayo, - ngokomzimba esinye isici esidinga zazo kuncike izinga ukuhwamuka okusamanzi. Izibonelo zalokhu kungenziwa othathwe ekuphileni kwansuku zonke. Ovunguzayo chibi noma isibonelo ngalo siqala ukulandwa: ohlabayo itiye hot batheleka Saucer. Ayaphola phansi ngenxa yokuthi, ebheka kusukela izidakamizwa kobukhulu, molecule amandla uqhutshwa nokuphola ke. Lapha ungakwazi ukubona futhi umphumela surface area. Esosweni sibanti kwendlula embuthanweni, kanjalo squaring yayo kungaba engase ushiye isisindo amanzi amaningi.

On izinga ukuhwamuka kunomthelela uhlobo uketshezi ngokwayo: ezinye iziphuzo shabalala ngokushesha, kuyilapho abanye kancane. Umphumela obalulekile inqubo ukuhwamuka futhi inikeza emoyeni kwemvelo. Ngezinye okusezingeni eliphezulu umswakama okuqukethwe ngokuphelele (emoyeni ezinomswakama kakhulu, isibonelo, eduze kolwandle) ukuhwamuka inqubo uya kancane.