I parasympathetic isimiso sezinzwa

Izitho zomzimba zangaphakathi (ezifana inhliziyo, isisu, amathumbu) zilawulwa ingxenye uhlelo neuropathy sezinzwa, eyaziwa ngokuthi autonomic nervous system (ANS). thina abaqapheli ezimweni eziningi, indlela ANS, lokhu kuyindlela okungalindelekile. Ngokwesibonelo, asikwazi ukubona umsebenzi imithambo yegazi kanye ukuthonya ukushaya kwenhliziyo. Nakuba imisebenzi kakhulu obunobuhixihixi autonomic, ezinye zazo abantu ungalawula uyaqaphela, kodwa ngezinga elithile. Lokhu ukugwinya, inkanuko yobulili nokuphefumula kwezimila.

Ukunikeza homeostasis, autonomic (noma vegetative) isimiso sezinzwa kubaluleke kakhulu ekukhetheni indlela yokuziphatha nezenzo elawulwa ubuchopho. Yilokhu okwenzekayo ezimweni eziphuthumayo ngokuthi avuse ukucindezeleka futhi zidinga ukuba lokuhlushwa amabutho yangaphakathi ekulweni isimo samanje kanye eziphumulele izimo kunikela yokutakula futhi ukuphumula.

ANS siqukethe izigaba zezizwe ezintathu:

- nonozwela isimiso sezinzwa (SNS);

- the parasympathetic isimiso sezinzwa (PNS);

- enteric isimiso sezinzwa (meshwork ka yezinzwa, elisetendeni izitho eziningana futhi okungase uthathwa njengoba ingxenye wesithathu autonomic nervous system).

Nonozwela isimiso sezinzwa uba umlamuleli e ukusabela ezihambisana nezimo ezicindezelayo, ngokwandisa ukushaya kwenhliziyo futhi umfutho wegazi. Liqinisekisa ukuthi umzimba ezimweni ezicindezelayo noma izingozi ngomumo sokuthatha isinyathelo ngokushesha. Lokhu kuhambelana the classic okuhambisanayo umuzwa "ukulwa noma indiza", ayengumlamuleli waso oyinhloko izithunywa ezimbili chemical - epinephrine (adrenaline) kanye norepinephrine. Ngenxa yalesi sizathu, Sna ngokuthi "ukusebenza emsipheni."

I parasympathetic isimiso sezinzwa, ngakolunye uhlangothi, kuyinto 'sokuthula' ingxenye ANS. It yaziwa nangokuthi "ukunqanda emsipheni." Nakuba nonozwela isimiso sezinzwa silungiselela umzimba ngoba izimo ezibangela ukucindezeleka, le NTC "kuzo imali eningi" amandla futhi yokutakula. Kuvuselela izenzo ezenzeka lapho umzimba uphumule, ikakhulukazi ngezikhathi zokudla, sokuthatha isithongwana, inkanuko yobulili.

Kodwa izigaba nozwela futhi parasympathetic ka ANS ngenkathi ezisebenza emelene nomunye, akuzona bahlukene. Kunalokho, kuba eyinkimbinkimbi oxhumene, kwakhiwe ibhalansi phakathi komzimba wethu. Phakathi lokhu kuxhumana ashukumisayo kukhona ukwahlukana ukuthi kulawulwa izithunywa yesibili (ekamu futhi cGMP). Ngokwesibonelo, lapho inhliziyo uthola ezishukumisayo kwemizwa kusukela NTC, nokushaya kwenhliziyo kubambezela, futhi okuphambene nalokho, lapho inhliziyo uthola ukushukuma kwemizwa izinzwa Sna, kwenhliziyo.

kusebenze Ngozwela kungase zivimbela ukusebenza parasympathetic presynaptic. Ngokufanayo, parasympathetic isimiso sezinzwa ehilelekile okusithiyayo presynaptic of nozwela emsipheni traffic.

Imisebenzi ka-autonomic kwemizwa uhlelo ibhalansi kubalulekile. Uma wephula budlelwane emkhatsini wetincenye "emsipheni ukusebenza" futhi "ezinzwa nokuzola" kukhona ezinye ukulinganiselwa, ngaleyo ndlela kokuyekethisa izinga lempilo.

Ngakho, SNS overstimulation kungaholela ezinkingeni ezifana nokukhathazeka, umfutho ophezulu wegazi kanye thuthuva wokugaya ukudla. PNS overstimulation kungaholela ingcindezi enciphile futhi umuzwa ukukhathala.

I parasympathetic isimiso sezinzwa, kanye nozwela, akuyona bagxila endaweni eyodwa, futhi basakaza phezu indawo enkulu. PNS izikhungo autonomic ise stem ngobuchopho endaweni sacral nomgogodla. Esikhathini medulla nezinzwa cranial, VII pair, kwakhiwa Imicu yotshani preganglionic parasympathetic IX kanye X umusi umusi is. Kusukela medulla noma Imicu yotshani umgogodla preganglionic (eside) idluliswa ekufezeni ganglia ukuthi zitholakala eduze kakhulu isitho target, futhi kwenza synapse. Synapse isebenzisa neurotransmitter ngokuthi acetylcholine. Kule ndawo kusukela ganglion Imicu yotshani postganglionic (dlala) kulindeleke ngqo sitho target, usebenzisa njengoba acetylcholine.

Acetylcholine enza izinhlobo ezimbili ezenza cholinergic: (receptor noma acetylcholine) nicotinic futhi muscarinic. Nakuba parasympathetic isimiso sezinzwa isebenzisa acetylcholine (njengoba neurotransmitter), petidy (cholecystokinin) Ungase futhi enze lo msebenzi.