Ukuhlela Directive - yinqubo ukukhulisa amacebo okulethwe izidumbu ephakeme amayunithi kwesakhiwo

Ukuhlela kungase kubhekwe njengokwelapha indlela eyisipesheli umsebenzi womphakathi noma ukulawula imisebenzi ethize. It uba ithuluzi eliphumelelayo ekuqalisweni kwezinhlelo zikahulumeni. Into esemqoka yalo msebenzi ezingeni likazwelonke kukhona ingqalasizinda yomphakathi kanye nomnotho. ukuhlela Directive - yezindlela ukuqaliswa izinhlelo elisetshenziswa kwamaSoviet. Ake sicabangele ke kabanzi.

Uhlolojikelele

Umnotho sezenhlalo enezinto eziningi izici ezithile. Inikeza uhlobo olukhethekile ekuphathweni eyinkimbinkimbi kwezomnotho. Ukuhlela emaphakathi uba naye. Naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi umbuso wamaSoviet eyayiyikho esikhathini esidlule, manje leli fomu lokulawula livame ukusetshenziswa kanye izindlela emakethe. Lena ngokuyinhloko ngenxa yokuthi kumiswa izimo ezintsha ngenxa ukusebenza eziyinkimbinkimbi kwezomnotho kuyadingeka ukuze sibikezele ikusasa nentuthuko.

imigomo

Ukuhlela kuyinto izinqumo ngokusekelwe nje okungaqondile idatha yoqobo. It kuhilela ukuthola nesayensi ukulungisiswa izinjongo, izindlela namasu ekuzuzeni kubo esebenzisa nokuhlola ngokuqhathanisa ongakhetha ehlukahlukene kukhethwa elilungile mayelana nokuthuthuka kulindeleke. ukuhlela State sibopha boke izici zokukhiqiza, igcina ibhalansi phakathi izindleko futhi yemvelo-izinto notshwala. Kukhuthaza ukusetshenziswa ngempumelelo nakahle kwezidingongqangi ezikhona for ukugcwaliseka imisebenzi. Ingqikithi yomsebenzi akugcini asathuthuka futhi ngokuletha eziningi imiphumela lesimbi ngokushesha, futhi ekwakhiweni kulindeleke imigomo ukuthuthukiswa kanye nokwenza amathuluzi ngemphumela langempela. Kuye izinhlobo ukuhlela amasu, Indlela futhi umyalelo okhetheke khulu. Ezimweni zanamuhla abhekwa ezivamile yesibili lokuqala futhi.

uhlelo Yemfihlo-yokuhlela

Luhilela nekutfutfukiswa kwetinhlelo ukuthi ube amandla wezomthetho umthetho, kanye izindlela netindlela ukuqaliswa yabo. Ngu izikimu saziso. Ngesikhathi esifanayo kunqunywa izikhulu obhekene yonke inqubo. Abantu abaningi abadala bayazi kahle ukuthi uhlelo ezinjalo esimweni. ISoviet Union, e-Eastern amazwe aseYurophu ngokuvamile uke wasebenzisa uhlelo olucutshungulwayo ekuphathweni eziyinkimbinkimbi kwezomnotho kazwelonke. Ngosizo izinhlelo zikahulumeni yakhelwe ngqo nomthelela yonke imikhakha yayo nezixhumanisi. Gosplan egqoka aqondile futhi ezahlukene imininingwane ezehlukile. Phakathi naleso sikhathi, umkhuba ngokuvamile okwanele futhi wahlala phezu iphepha kuka ehlisa ngokuphelele uqobo.

ngokucacile

ukuhlela Directive - kuwuhlobo control, okusho ekuhambisaneni isiyalo, umthwalo amabhizinisi, izikhulu nemizimba kwezomnotho ngokwehluleka imisebenzi. It kuhambisana ukulawula okuqinile okukhipha kanye nokwabiwa kwemithombo. umphakeli ngamunye nakanjani ikhasimende lakhe futhi umthengi, esikhundleni salokho, uyazi angcoliswa nguye uzothola izingxenye, imikhiqizo ephuma kabili isiqediwe futhi izinto zokusetshenziswa. Ministry of Umnotho enquma kangakanani, ukuthi, lapho ukukhiqiza, ngasiphi izindleko futhi kubani ukuthengisa. Initiative ejenti kwezomnotho ngesikhathi esifanayo wabusa ngokuphelele.

ukuqaliswa

ukuhlela Directive - ke kuyindlela ezinjalo uhulumeni lapho isabelo ikheli isethi futhi abelwe izidingo nokusetshenziswa yabo. Lapho ayitholwa kobunikazi isimo, emaphakathi yokuhlela ihlanganisa wonke amazinga emphakathini. I iziyisikhombisa eziyinhloko:

1. Imingcele emikhulu yentuthuko ehlinzekelwe.
2. uxhaso Ibhajethi.
3. Ama-oda kaHulumeni.
4. Izimali kwemithombo yezinto kanye lobuchwepheshe.

Esikhathini inqubo yentuthuko izikimu abadlali musa ingafeza lukhulu. Software Onjiniyela enze yokuthenga hlanganyela, Uyabophezeleka izinkomba Logistics mpumelelo. Ngokuvamile le softhiwe abalethe athuthukile ayisekelwa yi izinsiza ezidingekayo. Ezimweni ezinjalo, plan kuba umthwalo.

timphawu tesakhiwo

Nge zonke ezihlukahlukene impahla Ministry Umnotho livame ukusebenzisa izingxenye odlule ukulawula izikimu engxenyeni kahulumeni kanye isabelomali ngezimali. Lezi zici, ngokukhethekile, zifakwe ohlelweni:

1. Nikeza imikhiqizo izidingo isimo sikahulumeni.
2. Ukuthuthukiswa lomkhakha womphakathi.
3. Wamukele ngokuxhasa kusukela isabelomali sikahulumeni.

ukuhlela Directive - kuyindlela ukulawula, ngaphandle ngokuphelele umthelela emakethe ohlelweni kwezomnotho. Ukwakha izinhlelo ukulethe Macro cishe zonke izinkomba microeconomic. Kulokhu, ibhizinisi akanayo ukuzimela. Lapho senza izinqumo ayifakiwe microeconomic kokuhlaziywa amaphuzu. emakethe wathatha amanani uhlelo - ivolumu imalimboleko - izimali lezimpahla lokushintshisana - disaggregation futhi uquqaba, ukuze kwaneliswe isidingo - ibhalansi. ukuhlela Directive - lena kuphela inqubo nezokuphatha. Its for akukho izindleko ezihambisana nokusetshenziswa izindlela.

ukuphathwa isipiliyoni

Inguquko ekuhleleni emaphakathi ngendlela yakha kusho, okokuqala kunakho konke, nokuqedwa ephathelene nokungqubuzana kwezinhloso zenzuzo phakathi abaculi kanye Onjiniyela software. Ukuze kuzuzwe iminqopho ezivamile izikimu akufanele okuxhunywana ngendlela imisebenzi. ukuthuthukiswa yabo kuyadingeka lokukhokhisa executors oqondile. Phakathi naleso sikhathi, ngempela nesipiliyoni eminyakeni eyedlule akufanele ukuphazamisa ukusetshenziswa somyalelo ukuhlela ukukhiqizwa ekuxazululeni izinkinga kazwelonke. Kufanele kuqondwe ukuthi leli cebo, esebenza esikhundleni emakethe self-ukulungiswa, hhayi upholavuthondaba yayo. Kuyinto ithuluzi ebalulekile esetshenziswa hhayi nje ngenxa isimo sisonke, kodwa futhi endaweni yebhizinisi ngokukhethekile.

Inani

ukuhlela Directive isetshenziswa ezimweni lapho kubalulekile nokuxazulula izinkinga zamazwe omhlaba. Le ndlela ukuphathwa eyinkimbinkimbi kwezomnotho kazwelonke siyasebenza kakhulu e kwezimboni wezwe, ukwakheka amakhono ukuzivikela, ukuguqulwa kwesakhiwo wamabhizinisi zezimboni nokunye. Nokho, kungcono ukusebenzisa ukuhlela eyodwa esikhathini izinsimbi, ezimweni ezibucayi. Ngokwesibonelo, e inhlekelele engokwemvelo, impi, ukucindezeleka, crisis. Ubukhulu kanye isikhathi lesi siqondiso inqubomgomo Kulokhu okumele abe nomkhawulo.

Esinye isixazululo

Okwamanje, abantu abaningi sebekholelwa kakhulu emhlabeni etholwe ukuhlela Indlela. It ukhonza njengendlela yokuthola ukugcwaliseka inqubomgomo yezenhlalakahle nezomnotho kahulumeni, indlela eyinhloko kwethonya ukusebenza umbuso emakethe. ukuhlela Indlela kunomthelela ukubhekana ngempumelelo nezinkinga eziningi kulezi zimo. Isetshenziselwa lapho izindlela emakethe kuphela ngaphandle kokungenela isimo alwanele kakhulu.

Izici kohlelo

Izikhombo (Indlela) ukuhlela yinqubo kumiswa iqoqo izinkomba, esibonakala by ukuthuthukiswa kanye jikelele emkhakheni wezomnotho kazwelonke. Lezi nemingcele zivumelana lwenqubomgomo yomphakathi kanye ukuphakamisa ezinye izinyathelo ithonya kahulumeni inqubo. Izinkomba yentuthuko kuthiwa izinkomba khomba kahle, isakhiwo kanye namandla okubakhona sphere kwezomnotho, isimo kanye nohlobo ekwelapheni ezezimali, izibambiso emakethe futhi lube nempahla, izinga lempilo yezakhamuzi, lizinga ngokubambisana neNhlangano ngamazwe kwezohwebo kanye nabanye. Isethi Ngaphakathi olinganiselayo lezi nemingcele ihlinzeka ukuhlolwa ambalwa of isimo umsebenzi ezingeni izimo zenhlalo yomphakathi nezomnotho, ngoba wokuthatha amagadango okuyinto kuthambekele umthetho kahulumeni.

inqubo Lokuphakathi

Ingqikithi ukuhlela Indlela kuyinto ukulungisiswa imigomo, izinjongo, nezindlela izinkomba kwenqubomgomo isimo. It uba ifomu ngempumelelo nokuxhumana kwazo zonke izikhungo federal uphathe kokubili nomunye futhi ne amahhovisi ezifunda sokuthuthukiswa umkhakha wezomnotho kanye nezakhi zalo ngabanye. Indima ukuhlela Indlela kuyinkomba ngqo ezindaweni lapho State angenele ezindabeni ngokuqinile echaziwe. Amandla engathathi isinyathelo ngqo inkampani, kodwa izinkampani ezinkulu unesithakazelo nokubambisana nohulumeni njengoba edinga ukusekelwa ekuheheni ukutshalwa kwezimali angaphandle, ukuthuthukisa imikhiqizo yabo ezimakethe zomhlaba nokunye. Amapulani Indlela musa kucinanise ibhizinisi isinyathelo. Ngesikhathi esifanayo babe akuvumela ukukhomba izinkampani olulodwa Yiqiniso ukuphathwa, ukwazisa amabhizinisi mayelana nesidingo ezingaba, isimo izimboni ahlobene, isimo emakethe yezabasebenzi nokunye. akunakwenzeka bathethelele utshalomali ngaphandle kokuhlelwa futhi kungekho. izinhlelo athuthukile sinomthelela imali yomphakathi. Ukuhlela ikuvumela organically sihlanganise imiqondo izimo zenhlalo yomphakathi nezomnotho, ibikezela isimo sphere kwezomnotho, Izilawuli eziyinkimbinkimbi, ivolumu federal dolobha ukutshalwa kwezimali, ukudiliva izidingo isimo, amabhizinisi ukuphathwa kukahulumeni.

ukusebenza

ukuhlela Indlela isekelwe izinto eziza kuqala, okuyinto akhiwa ngaphansi izindlela sikhuthazo. Kugucukela emnotfweni emakethe, ke uba emgomweni futhi ukuqhutshekiselwa yemvelo kanye nokuthuthukisa inqubo umhlahlo. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi engxenyeni yokugcina ka eziningi izakhi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, eqinisweni, iningi umhlahlo enqubeni ukuhlaziywa kuhlanganisa uhlelo isimo, izilawuli eziyinkimbinkimbi, Izimpahla izidingo isimo, ivolumu federal dolobha izimali kanye nokunye. Ngamanye amazwi, uma inqubo analysis awanakufundwa ezivamile ikhono lokubona izinto kusengaphambili izimo. Ukuphumelela izinhlelo Indlela wazibonakalisa nokwenza kwamazwe omhlaba. elikhiqizayo Ikakhulukazi baba isikimu eJapane neFrance. Ethembele kuhulumeni, basinikeza ukusheshisa ijubane ukuthuthukiswa emnothweni kazwelonke.

amathemba esikhathi eside

Directive nokuhlela Indlela kufanele kuhle kumele usetshenziswe wonke uma esifushane uma kuqhathaniswa nesikhathi. Yesikhathi eside inhloso yesu le-hlelo. Lokhu uhlobo ukuhlela kuhilela ukubeka imigomo ethize, ukwakheka kanye kwezimali ayadingeka ukuze siyifinyelele. Kulokhu, njengoba umsebenzi oyinhloko wenza ukubeka isilinganiso lesifanele emkhatsini wetincenye teluhlaka. nezinhlelo ezihlobene nezidingo zabantu. Ukwakheka izidingo umthelela babe kokubili izici zangaphakathi nezangaphandle. Uma kwemithombo yemvelo elinganiselwe, okuyinto ejwayelekile zanoma yiliphi izwe, kukhethwa ezimqoka kuhambisana kuqalwe ngakho.

Ukucaciswa izinhlelo zamasu

Ngo kufanele zabelwe njengoba izici belinganisa yaleli fomu bekuhlela:

1. Kumiswa ngenhloso kokuba ukubaluleka juqu for eziyinkimbinkimbi kwezomnotho kazwelonke.
2. Isisetshenziswa ukusekela ukuqaliswa imisebenzi.
3. Izimali umthelela izimo zangaphakathi nezangaphandle.

Injongo uhlelo lwamasu Ukwakheka kwezitho umthamo ukwanele oluzayo ekukhuleni kahle eziyinkimbinkimbi kwezomnotho. Ukuqala kokusetshenziswa the izinhlelo eyenziwa ngezinkathi ezihlukahlukene. Kuye angawodwa isikhathi eside (kubalwa iminyaka 10 noma ngaphezulu), eliphakathi (iminyaka engu-5) futhi wamanje (yonyaka) isikimu. Ekusebenteni, ukusebenzisa zonke lezi izinhlobo izinhlelo. Liqinisekisa ngokuqhubeka izinhlelo kanye okuphokophelwe yebanga ezahlukene isikhathi.

Izici izinhlelo

Ngo inqubo kwathatha ubudlelwane emakethe sokuhlela sibhekana nezinguquko ahlukahlukene. It is a uhlobo lwezinhlelo, ekuhlinzekeni izixazululo ukubhala izindaba ezihlanganisa imisebenzi ephathelene nezindaba nezemvelo, ezenhlalakahle, lwesayensi kanye nezobuchwepheshe, zezimboni, zesifunda nezinye. Le nqubo kuyadingeka ukuze kwakhiwe indlela eqotho kanye nokwabiwa okubhekiswe kwezinsiza. Izinhlelo kungadalwa ngasiphi ezingeni sabaphathi. Ngesikhathi esifanayo athuthukile iphrojekthi njalo selivela ikheli idokhumenti Indlela noma eqinile.

ngezigaba

Kuye isiqondiso isinyathelo, okuqukethwe kanye into uhlelo kungaba yesayensi, yobuchwepheshe, izimo zenhlalo yomphakathi nezomnotho, indawo, yenhlangano, kwezomnotho, ithemba, eziphuthumayo nokunye. Amaphrojekthi esifundeni nakuzwelonke ziyinkimbinkimbi. Ingathinta jikelele nezindaba zebhizinisi futhi zibonisa inketho olufunwa yilowo sphere senhlalo nesomnotho isimo sisonke salo noma indawo ngokukhethekile. izinhlelo eziphuthumayo ngokuvamile iyawakha esikhathini esifushane. Zisetshenziswa isimo ezimweni ezibucayi: ukuntuleka komsebenzi kubantu abaningi, esibucayi, esongela kwamandla emali, njll amathuluzi abo ukuqaliswa ithonya zokuphatha kukhona sasivumela asebenzayo ..