Izingxenye zobuchopho. Medulla oblongata. Isakhiwo, umsebenzi, imiphumela kokunqotshwa

Amagxolo ubuchopho anatomically emelelwa ipuleti grey ndaba abami ingxenye elingaphandle ama- cerebral palsy. Uhlaka lwayo nesibaya ngenxa inani elikhulu convolutions ahlukaniswe emiseleni. Ngakho iningi uqweqwe ise ukujula furrow, futhi ingxenye ezincane - ku ezindaweni zawo. Ngo umehluko Nenkabazwe ayizindunduma (yangaphandle) kanye ebusweni engaphakathi, futhi isisekelo. Uma uyikha phezulu le elingaphandle Lobe parietal uyashiywa engaphelele usebenzisa enamandla "rolandovoy" furrow. Ngezansi kuba "Sylvius" inkatho, ngawo Lobe yesikhashana uyashiywa engaphelele kanye parietal. Parietal-occipital sulcus ehlukanisa Lobe occipital.

Ezincane cortex isakhiwo kuhlanganisa uchungechunge izingqimba amaselula kanye lunemicu futhi siphathelene eziyisithupha-ungqimba isakhiwo hlobo.

Uma lokhu kunqunywa izingqimba alandelayo:

- luyimbudumbudu zangaphandle;

- luyimbudumbudu yangaphakathi;

- yamangqamuzana;

- amaseli polymorphic;

- amaseli ezinkulu pyramidal;

- medium and amaseli encane pyramidal.

Sakhiwo medulla umsebenzi, ngemiphumela kokubhujiswa kwalo

Ubude bayo amabili nesishiyagalombili amamilimitha angu, ububanzi kancane kancane, ukufinyelela amamilimitha angu amabili nane. Medulla uyaqhubeka cranial ingaphakathi umgogodla nge central umsele umgogodla. It is baphawula khona into amaqoqo ahlukene grey ndaba, okuyisisekelo core nezinzwa cranial. Ngo ukwakheka esimhlophe ndaba abathintekayo fibre izindlela. Medulla oblongata iqukethe i-nucleus, okuvela kulo izimpande zikhona ezibalulekile cranial ezinzwa (vagus, hypoglossal, glossopharyngeal, isandiso). Ngaphezu kwalokho, nuclei ehilelekile izinqubo reflex ezifana ukuhlafuna, ukugwinya, oncelayo sneezing, ukuhlanza nokuhlukaniswa ijusi wokugaya ukudla. Kumiswa nuclei e abantu kwenzeka phakathi esibelethweni. Oblong ubuchopho kuzalwa (nge ibhuloho), isisindo saso singamakhilogremu angu amagremu. Nokuvuthwa ihlala okuyisilinganiso seminyaka engu eziyisikhombisa.

Ngu edabula ezindleleni medulla oblongata labetibambile amaza centripetal futhi centrifugal. Enye yezindlela ezibaluleke kakhulu kubhekwa indlela pyramidal. It uxhuma ezindaweni motor e cortex cerebral kanye motor amaseli zezimpondo anterior ka emgogodleni. Emngceleni emgogodleni iminyango medulla waphawula ukweqa ku ipheshana pyramidal. Lokhu kuchaza ukuphazamiseka obusebenzayo izingxenye ezithile zobuchopho lapho zilimele. Ngokwesibonelo, izilonda e ugongolo pyramidal ngenhla chiasm kubangela hemiplegia ngakolunye uhlangothi yomzimba ekamelweni. Ngesikhathi esifanayo ukunqotshwa imizwa cranial thuthuva obusebenzayo zenzeka ohlangothini olufanayo emzimbeni.

"Cerebellopontine engela" eyenza umsebenzi yokuxhuma. Akhiwe fossa posterior Yekhanda, kuba kwalapho kuhlangana khona ibhuloho, cerebellum futhi medulla oblongata. Esimeni izimila kule ndawo kuthiwa sicindezelwe izigaba esilandelayo minyango.

Esikhathini oblongata medulla zitholakala ebaluleke kakhulu ekuphileni-izikhungo ezisekele, okuyinto inamathela Okubaluleke ngokukhethekile kule umnyango isimiso sezinzwa esiyinhloko. Nazi izikhungo senhliziyo zokuphefumula. Yingakho umonakalo (ngisho ezincane), futhi ikakhulukazi kokususwa oblongata medulla siholela ekufeni ngenxa ukuboshwa zokuphefumula kanye nokususwa umsebenzi yisimiso senhliziyo nemithambo yegazi.

Ukulimala ipheshana pyramidal kungase kube nemiphumela ehlukile. Konke kuncike ubukhulu ukulimala kanye nesikhathi ukuthi isidlulile selokhu aba khona. Ezimweni eziningi, lezi izilonda kubangele umuntu ukukhubazeka ezinzima e Evikini elilodwa noma amabili.