Amalunga omzimba Human. Izinhlobo amalunga omzimba womuntu

ithambo lomuntu kunzima kangaka ukuthi uyakwazi ukumelana lawo lalingaba zinkulungwane 10 khilogremu, kodwa uma skeleton sakhiwa ithambo eliqinile eyodwa kuphela, ukunyakaza yethu ngeke kwenzeke. Nature isizixazululile lokhu inkinga ngokumane athi u sokuhlukanisa skeleton amathambo amaningi nezinhlangano zidalwe - yindawo lapho amathambo ukuhlangabezana.

amalunga omzimba womuntu okwenza ngempela umsebenzi obalulekile. Siyabonga kubo, amathambo, amazinyo bese uqwanga yomzimba zihlangene komunye nomunye.

Izinhlobo amalunga omzimba womuntu

Abakwazi oluthathwa ngokuya ukusebenza:

Joint evimbela ukunyakaza, eyaziwa ngokuthi synarthrosis. Sutures kogebhezi gomfos (soedininenie namazinyo skull) izibonelo synarthrosis. Ukuxhumana phakathi amathambo ngokuthi lo syndesmosis phakathi uqwanga - sinhordrozami, ithambo - sintostozami. Synarthrosis kwakhiwa nge ezicutshini.

Amphiarthrosis kuvumela ukunyakaza encane amathambo ngokuhlanganyela. Izibonelo amphiarthrosis kukhona akwazi ukugcina intervertebral kanye symphysis pubic.

Esesithathu ekilasini ukusebenza - svobodnopodvizhnye diarthrosis. Sinenkosi uhla eliphakeme motion. Izibonelo: izindololwane, amadolo, amahlombe futhi izihlakala. Cishe njalo kuba emalungeni lwamalunga.

amalunga omzimba lwamathambo womuntu kungabuye oluthathwa by isakhiwo sabo (indaba lapho yakhiwa):

amalunga omzimba fibrous yakhiwa eqinile nakho ngeke kusize collagen ethandele. Lawa emalungeni Yekhanda kanye ngokuhlanganyela lebhokisi ulna futhi engaba ibhodi lemisindo ndawonye.

amalunga omzimba cartilaginous yakhiwa uqwanga womuntu ahlangana kuhlanganiswe amathambo. Izibonelo compounds zinjalo emalungeni phakathi izimbambo futhi ubambo uqwanga, futhi phakathi amadiski intervertebral.

Uhlobo oluvame kakhulu - lwamalunga ngokuhlanganyela - isikhala ligcwele uketshezi phakathi imikhawulo amathambo zocwaningo ezixhumekayo. Lizungezwe capsule ezinzima kwezicubu obukhulu zezinzwa, imbozwe ulwelwesi lwamalunga. Ulwelwesi lwamalunga, okuyinto yakhiwa capsule, uketshezi lwamalunga ukhiqiza i amafutha, ogama umsebenzi - gcoba joint, ekunciphiseni ukungezwani ukugqoka.

Kukhona namakilasi amaningana amalunga lwamalunga, isibonelo, ellipsoidal, ginglymoid, sehhashi emise eyindilinga.

amalunga omzimba Ellipsoidal oxhumene ithambo bushelelezi futhi ubavumele ukundiza nezinye izingcweti esidlule nomunye ukuphendukela kunoma iluphi uhlangothi.

amalunga omzimba Trochlear, ezifana indololwane kanye edolweni ka umuntu ukuze kukhawulwe ukunyakaza ohlangothini olulodwa ukuze igebe eliphakathi amathambo ungakwazi ukwandisa noma ukunciphisa. ukunyakaza Limited emalungwini ginglymoid inikeza amandla amaningi kanye namandla we amathambo, imisipha kanye nemisipha.

amalunga omzimba Saddle, ezifana phakathi ithambo kuqala metacarpal bese ithambo trapezoid, ukuvumela ukushintshanisa amathambo ngesikhathi 360.

Ehlombe futhi hip umuntu - kuphela emalungeni eyindilinga emzimbeni. Sinenkosi uhla khulula motion, yibo kuphela elingakwazi niguquke axis awo. Nokho, ukuntuleka emalungeni eyindilinga wukuthi ibanga khulula motion kubenza usengozini yokuthola dislocation, kunalokho kancane amalunga omzimba womuntu ephathekayo. Kulezi zindawo kukhona ngokuvamile ayaphuka.

Ezinye izinhlobo amalunga omzimba womuntu lwamalunga kumele kubhekwe eceleni.

ngokuhlanganyela ginglymoid

amalunga omzimba Trochlear kukhona ekilasini lwamalunga. Lokhu iqakala, nedolo indololwane indoda. Ngokuvamile ginglymoid ngokuhlanganyela - kweqembu amathambo amabili noma ngaphezulu, lapho bangakwazi kuphela ukuhambisa kwelinye-eksisi ukugoba noma qinisa.

Kakhulu elula trochlear emalungeni emzimbeni - interphalangeal, zingabantu phakathi phalanges we iminwe yakhe nezinzwani zakhe.

Kusukela ihhovisi yabo isisindo kancane futhi amandla mechanical, bona kuqukathe impahla olulodwa lwamalunga amancane izintambo ezengeziwe for ukugcizelela. ithambo ngamunye embozwe ungqimba bushelelezi ezondile uqwanga hyaline, ezihloselwe ukwehlisa izinkinga amalunga omzimba. Amathambo nazo sizungezwe capsule ezinzima kwezicubu fibrous zezinzwa, imbozwe ulwelwesi lwamalunga.

Isakhiwo amalunga omzimba womuntu ihlukile njalo. Ngokwesibonelo, ngokuhlanganyela indololwane kuba yinkimbinkimbi kwakhiwa phakathi humerus, engaba futhi ulna amathambo ibhodi lemisindo. Elbow sesimeni ngaphezulu egcwele phama kuka enhlanganisweni yebhantshi lensimbi; iminwe yakhe nezinzwani zakhe, ngakho-ke iqukethe nemisipha eqinile okumbalwa nezinye amathambo izakhiwo ahlukile ukuqinisa isakhiwo yayo.

Ulnar nemisipha osabalalayo ukusiza ukugcina ulna ahlobene kanye engaba kanye nokuqinisa amalunga omzimba. Imilenze futhi aqukethe eziningana trochlear emalungeni ezinkulu.

Okunjalo indololwane iqakala ngokuhlanganyela itholakala phakathi ezinkulu kanye nezincane tibia amathambo emlenzeni engezansi bese ithambo talus onyaweni. Amagatsha okusezingeni eliphezulu tibia fibula Kumiswa emhlabeni bony talus slot ukuze kukhawulwe ukunyakaza umlenze kanye eksisi eyodwa. izinyanda ezine ezengeziwe, kuhlanganise deltoid, ukubophela amathambo futhi baqinise ngokuhlanganyela, ukuze balondoloze isisindo emzimbeni.

Kutholwe phakathi kwethanga nasemlenzeni tibia futhi fibula tibia, amadolo ngokuhlanganyela - omkhulu futhi eyinkimbinkimbi kunazo ginglymoid ngokuhlanganyela emzimbeni womuntu.

Elbow nasemaqakaleni anatomy zifana, avame kakhulu wadalula osteoarthritis.

amalunga omzimba ellipsoidal

ngokuhlanganyela Ellipsoidal, eyaziwa nangokuthi i flat, kuyinto ifomu evamile amalunga lwamalunga. Basuke kwakhiwa eduze ithambo, nge surface bushelelezi noma cishe bushelelezi. Lezi emalungeni unike amandla amathambo kwislaydi ukuphendukela kunoma iluphi uhlangothi - phezulu naphansi, kwesokunxele kanye kwesokudla, ngokuphambeneyo.

Ngenxa isakhiwo ayo emalungeni ellipsoidal nezimo, futhi ukunyakaza kwabo kungagcini (ukuvimbela ukulimala). amalunga omzimba Ellipsoidal embozwe sinovalnoy ulwelwesi esikhiqiza uketshezi elikhonza gcoba emalungeni.

amalunga omzimba Iningi ellipsoidal basesimweni skeleton appendicular phakathi amathambo carpal we esihlakaleni, phakathi ngokuhlanganyela isihlakala kanye isandla amathambo metacarpal phakathi amathambo iqakala.

Elinye iqembu amalunga ellipsoidal elise phakathi ubuso amathambo amabili nesithupha emalungeni intervertebral. Lezi uxhumano usivumele ukuthi nesibaya, zenzeka bese uphendukisa esifubeni, ngesikhathi esifanayo ulondoloze isimo amandla yomgogodla esekela isisindo somzimba futhi ivikela nomgogodla.

amalunga omzimba condylar

Kukhona uhlobo ahlukene amalunga ellipsoidal - ngokuhlanganyela condylar. Kungaba kubhekwe uhlobo zesikhashana kusukela trochlear uhlobo ngokuhlanganyela kuya ellipsoid. Kusukela trochlear condylar ngokuhlanganyela libhekene umehluko omkhulu okhona ukuma kanye nosayizi evele kokuzalela, kuphumele ukunyakaza kungenzeka emhlabeni izimbazo ezimbili. Kusukela ellipsoidal condylar ngokuhlanganyela amakhanda articular eziningi ezahlukene.

ngokuhlanganyela sehhashi

ngokuhlanganyela Saddle uhlobo emalungeni lwamalunga, lapho omunye ithambo lesi sijame njengebhoksi sehhashi nezinye amathambo uhlezi phezu kwalo, njengoba umgibeli wehhashi.

amalunga omzimba Saddle nezimo eziningi ngaphezu kwalezo ezibonwa eyindilinga noma ellipsoidal.

Isibonelo esihle kunazo zonke umzimba sehhashi Ilunga kulapho ngokuhlanganyela carpometacarpal we isithupha, obakhiwa ithambo trapezoid bese ithambo kuqala metacarpal okuyinto. Kulesi sibonelo, i-trapezoid yakha esihlalweni oyindilinga, lapho ithambo kuqala metacarpal ihlala. ngokuhlanganyela Carpometacarpal ivumela umunwe womuntu ezinkulu Kulula ukukhuthaza nabanye iminwe yomine yesandla. Thumb Yiqiniso, kubaluleke kakhulu kithi njengoba ivumela isandla sethu ngokuqinile ukuqonda izinto futhi usebenzise iningi amathuluzi.

arthrodia

Ball emalungeni ikilasi ekhethekile amalunga lwamalunga okuyinto ibe nenkululeko eliphezulu kakhulu ukunyakaza emzimbeni ngenxa isakhiwo sabo esiyingqayizivele. Hip ngokuhlanganyela kanye ngokuhlanganyela ehlombe bangumuntu kuphela eyindilinga emzimbeni womuntu.

Izingxenye ezimbili eziyinhloko kwakunguNk eyindilinga: bone inhloko eyindilinga kanye bone ekhosombeni inkomishi emise. Cabanga ngokuhlanganyela ehlombe. komzimba womuntu kangangokuthi ikhanda eyindilinga we humerus (engenhla ingalo bone) kuyavumelana ngalo ingaphakathi ahlangene ikhaba. Glenoid ingaphakathi - kuyinto emaphaketheni amancane engajulile, sibonga ngalo ehlombe ngokuhlanganyela uhla enkulu ukunyakaza emzimbeni womuntu. Lizungezwe aletha hyaline uqwanga, okuyinto ikhululekile, amathambo eqinile, nakuba imisipha - rotator cuff - ubambe humerus ngaphakathi komgodi.

Joint hip kancane kancane mobile kuka ehlombe, kodwa unamandla futhi uzinze ngokwengeziwe ngokuhlanganyela. hip engeziwe ukuzinza kudingekile ukumelana esisindo phezu imilenze ngokwenza imisebenzi efana nokuhamba, ukugijima nokunye. D.

Joint hip laphetha, cishe ikhanda eyindilinga kunawo wonke (ethangeni bone) Friend kuya acetabulum, ikhefu ekujuleni nethambo lenqulu. Abaningana impela nemisipha ezinzima nemisipha eqinile ubambe ikhanda femoral endaweni futhi simelane ukungezwani esiqine emzimbeni. Acetabulum iphinde ivimbele dislocation we hip, ithambo nokukhawula ukunyakaza ngaphakathi kuwo.

Ngesisekelo okungenhla, ungenza itafula elincane. Isakhiwo amalunga omzimba womuntu ulifake ngeke. Ngakho, kukholamu yokuqala ithebula elishiwo uhlobo ngokuhlanganyela, eyesibili neyesithathu - izibonelo nezindawo zazo, ngokulandelana.

amalunga omzimba Human: ithebula

uhlobo ngokuhlanganyela	izibonelo amalunga	ukuphi
ginglymoid	Amadolo, indololwane, iqakala. Anatomy of nye of them is ngezansi.	Amadolo - phakathi femoral, tibial futhi patella amathambo; ulnar - phakathi humerus, ulna kanye engaba; iqakala - phakathi tibia futhi ngezinyawo.
ellipsoidal	amalunga omzimba Intervertebral; emalungeni phakathi phalanges.	Phakathi ubuso amathambo; phakathi phalanges we izinzwane nezandla.
globular	Hip nesiphanga amalunga omzimba. komzimba womuntu okhokhela lolu hlobo ukunakwa ngokuhlanganyela.	Phakathi kunawo wonke nethambo lenqulu; phakathi humerus kanye scapula.
sehhashi-okwenyanga	Carpometacarpal.	Phakathi ithambo trapezoid bese ithambo kuqala metacarpal.

Ukuze wenze kube sobala ukuthi ziyini amalunga omzimba womuntu, chaza ezinye ngaphezulu kubo.

indololwane

anatomy izindololwane womuntu okuyinto sesivele okukhulunywa, adinga ukunakekelwa okukhethekile.

Elbow - omunye emalungeni owaba umqansa kunayo yonke zomzimba womuntu. Kumiswa It is phakathi nesikhathi sokuphela distal we humerus (ngokunembile, articular yayo evele - block kanye condyle), ngemisebe trochlear yamaphephandaba ulna namathambo osabalalayo ikhanda articular and azungeze yayo. Siqukethe amalunga amathathu ngesikhathi esisodwa: brachioradialis, humeroulnar futhi radioulnar proximal.

ngokuhlanganyela Humeroulnar itholakala phakathi notch trochlear we ulna futhi block (ebusweni ngokuhlanganyela) we humerus. Lokhu siphathelene trochlear ngokuhlanganyela futhi uniaxial.

Brachioradialis condyle ngokuhlanganyela kwakhiwa phakathi humerus futhi inhloko yabangamashumi humerus. Movement of the joint zenziwa mayelana ezimbili izimbazo.

Promaksimalny radioulnar uxhuma osabalalayo ukusika ulna futhi selilonke ahlangene ikhanda osabalalayo. Wabuye uniaxial.

Endololwaneni akukho ukunyakaza lateral. Ngokuvamile, kubhekwa ngokuhlanganyela trochlear nge Helical ukuma ukushelela.

Umhlangano omkhulu kunayo yonke ingxenye engaphezulu kuphela yomzimba kucatshangwa izindololwane. Imilenze futhi aqukethe emalungeni, okuyinto umane Ngeke sasho.

hip

Leli lunga itholakala phakathi acetabulum we ukhalo futhi kunawo wonke (ikhanda lakhe).

Leli khanda embozwe hyaline uqwanga cishe kulo, ngaphandle fovea. Acetabulum , kakhulu, embozwe uqwanga, kepha kuphela ebusweni lunate nayo yonke eminye ehlanganiswa sinovalnoy ulwelwesi.

Ukuze hip ngokuhlanganyela yilezi izinyanda ezifana: sciatic-femoral, iliac, femoral, pubic-femoral, endaweni isiyingi, kanye kweqembu ikhanda femoral.

Iliac-femoral umsipha kuvela ezansi le anterior aphakeme iliac ithambo luphele umugqa intertrochanteric. Lokhu umsipha ehilelekile ekunakekeleni umzimba sesimweni uqotho.

kweqembu Landelayo sciatic-femoral, kuqala lapho ithambo ischial futhi nokwelukiweyo phakathi capsule we ngokuhlanganyela hip.

Kancane ephakeme phezulu ithambo pubic, iqala umsipha pubic-femoral, okuyisona phansi hip egobolondweni lelunga.

Ngaphakathi ngokwayo Ilunga kulapho kweqembu ikhanda femoral. Qala ukuthatha ngaleso transverse Acetabular umsipha luphele somgodi ikhanda femoral.

Kumiswa endaweni isiyingi is ku-loop: it is liboshelwe engezansi ilium nezindawo ezizungezile entanyeni kunawo wonke.

Hip nesiphanga sele ibhola emise kuphela umzimba womuntu.

emadolweni ngokuhlanganyela

Leli lunga siqukethe amathambo ezintathu: patella, ekupheleni distal ka kunawo wonke futhi ekupheleni proximal we tibia.

kwedolo egobolondweni lelunga enamathiselwe emaphethelweni tibial, ithambo femoral kanye patella. Ukuze kunawo wonke unamathele ngaphansi epicondyle. Ngezinye esinqunyiwe tibial articular ebusweni emaphethelweni, futhi unamathele capsule patella ukuze bonke ubuso bayo phambi ngokuhlanganyela itholakala.

Amaqoqo lokhu ngokuhlanganyela zingahlukaniswa ngamaqembu amabili: vnekapsulnye futhi intracapsular. Futhi emalungeni kukhona izinhlangothi ezimbili - tibial futhi fibular eseduze nemisipha.

iqakala ngokuhlanganyela

Kumiswa It is ngosizo kwamanzi articular we talus kanye evele articular imikhawulo distal we fibula futhi tibia.

egobolondweni lelunga cishe kulo lonke unamathele emaphethelweni uqwanga articular futhi isuka kuphela phezu phambi talus. Ohlangothini evele kulo bangabantu nemisipha ngokuhlanganyela.

I deltoid, noma umsipha medial, liqukethe izingxenye eziningana:

- posterior tibio-ukushayisana, onqenqemeni ezingemuva eliphahlwe malleolus medial langemuva medial we talus;

- tibialis anterior-ukushayisana, itholakala phakathi umphetho waphambili malleolus medial kanye ebusweni posteromedial we talus;

- tibio-isithende ingxenye elisukela malleolus medial ukusekelwa talus;

- tibio-navicular Ngokwezinga elithile, kungenxa evela malleolus medial luphele ebusweni ezingemuva ithambo navicular.

Okulandelayo umsipha peroneal-calcaneal, kwelula ebusweni elingaphandle malleolus lateral kwamanzi lateral ka entanyeni talus.

Eduze phambi owedlule egcinwe Talo-fibular umsipha - phakathi umphetho waphambili malleolus ezilingene surface lateral ka entanyeni talus.

Futhi zokugcina, emuva Talo-fibular umsipha kuvela ohlangothini posterior we malleolus lateral luphele tubercle lateral yenqubo talus.

Ngokuvamile, joint iqakala isibonelo trochlear nge ezinyakazayo Helical.

Ngakho manje senza unombono kuyini amalunga omzimba womuntu. Anatomy emalungeni kunokukwenza kuzwakala, futhi ungabona ngokwakho.