Ukwahlukanisa computer amagciwane. Kuyatholakala ku-eziyinkimbinkimbi

Amagciwane ngokuthi uhlobo olukhethekile program e-computer aqukethe okuthiwa ikhodi enonya. Ukwahlukanisa computer amagciwane, okuzoxoxwa ngezansi, kumba eqolo. Enye into nakanjani - isici isici zonke izinhlelo ezinonya yikhono ukusebenza kwawo ukuze likhiqize. Phakathi kwezinye izinto, lo amagciwane ayingozi ngoba bayakwazi ukwenza izenzo ezihlukahlukene ngokungenasizathu ngaphandle kolwazi yomsebenzisi, kanjalo okubangela ukulimala computer.

Ngakho zama-computer ezonakele. ngezigaba zabo Kuthi okusikhumbuza systematization kuphinde eningiliziwe prototype begazi. Ikhompyutha amagciwane zidinga bawaletha ku uhlelo oluthile. Kwenze kungenzeka, okusekelwe izici ezilandelayo:

- imvelo;

- Umzila ukutheleleka ukuthi kakhulu imvelo;

- izinhlobo ezihlukahlukene amakhono elimazayo;

- izici lo mshini wezenzo igciwane.

Kusukela manje ngiyanitshela mayelana sici ngasinye ngokuningiliziwe.

Habitat. Ukwahlukanisa computer amagciwane

Kufanele kube izingxenye kule mikhakha elandelayo:

amagciwane yefayela. Sinenkosi ikhono ukuba wethulwe amafayela tekusebenta. Ngokwesibonelo, *. Bat, * .dll, *. SYS, * .EXE, * .com.

Boot amagciwane. Uhlaselwa kudiski ukuqalisa wemboni (Boot-indastri) noma kumkhakha othile ukuthi Ihlanganisa isimiso hard disk Loader, okuthiwa Master Boot Record.

amagciwane Macro. Egibele ngaphakathi ohlelweni kanye basebenza okuthiwa amamakhro (isib, i-Excel, uLizwi).

Kufanele ungakhohlwa yokuthi kukhona amagciwane kuhlanganiswe. Njengomthetho, basonta uhlobo multipartite futhi ngegciwane ngokuqondile kuphela amafayela ngokwabo, kodwa futhi ebhuthini wemboni. Ezimweni eziningi, lezi amagciwane abe indlela kunalokho eyinkimbinkimbi yama isinyathelo, futhi ngokuvamile esakhiwe ngendlela ezifana ukungena ohlelweni ngangokunokwenzeka indlela yokuqala, ukuthi ukuvimbela ukuthola kwabo ngokushesha.

Izindlela ukutheleleka. Ukwahlukanisa computer amagciwane

Ohlala. I-RAM ushiye ingxenye yabo umhlali. Kuyinto emva kwesikhashana iqala ukuphatha ngokugcwele yesistimu yokusebenza. Lezi amagciwane kuzohlala kusebenza kuze kube uqala kabusha noma ukuvala shaqa.

Non-umhlali. Kuyinto cishe ikhophi esiqondile yibo wangaphambilini, kodwa musa ukuthelela inkumbulo, futhi kuzohlala kusebenza kuphela ezinye ezithile, inkathi ngokuvamile esilinganiselwe.

Ukwahlukanisa computer amagciwane, inikezwe amakhono kwabo okulimazayo

Ziyingozi. Kasibili akuphazamisi ukusebenza idivayisi. I lokususa kuphela - ngokushesha lendlala nokwehlisa inani lememori khulula kwi-hard drive yakho.

Non-enobungozi. Kuthinta inani lememori khulula, futhi kungaba ukuheha ezihlukahlukene imiphumela, njengoba umthetho, umsindo noma ihluzo.

Okuyingozi. Imbangela ukuphazamiseka sína ukusebenza kwe-izinhlelo.

Ultra-enobungozi. Hola ekulahlekelweni kwetinhlelo letahlukahlukene, ababhubhise idatha, ukusula ulwazi oludingekayo ukuqedela ukusebenza.

Izinhlobo zama-computer ezonakele esekelwe indlela yayo yesenzo

Zamagciwane Companion. Dala ifayela-satellites yamafayela Exe. Igama lamahubo lilingana, kodwa isandiso ishintshelwa COM. Ngokuvamile, uma ugijima loluhlobo lwefayela DOS ekuqaleni ukuthola nokwenza ifayela COM, okusho igciwane.

"Izimpethu." Virusy- Ziyakwazi okuhlukile okukodwa womngane amagciwane. Yakha ikhophi yakho, reception COM Exe kulokhu asisebenzi.

Ezidlayo malware. Lokhu kuhlanganisa zonke lezo amagciwane, okuyinto ngasizathu simbe ngeke kukhonjwe noma engxenyeni yokuqala noma yesibili yaleli qembu.

amagciwane Network. Baziwa ikhono singene computer nge inethiwekhi futhi ithumele amakhophi ayo. Ayisebenzi kudivayisi imithombo.

amagciwane Polymorphic. Musa aqukethe njalo esifundeni Cola, njalo siguqula, ngakho ihlukaniswa njengoba leyo nzima ukubona.

amagciwane Macro. Ukuthelela izinhlelo abhalwe nganoma yiluphi ulimi oluthile eyodwa.