Umakhelwane eliseduze indlela: isibonelo umsebenzi

eseduzane umakhelwane indlela iyona elula somhleli imethrikhi ogxile kokuhlaziywa kwamathenda ukufana lezinto ezingafaniko.

into ihlaziye kungokwalabo ekilasini kulo ne izifundo ukuqeqeshwa isampula. Masithole okuyinto umakhelwane eliseduze. Zama ukuqonda ndaba eyinkimbinkimbi izibonelo, kusetshenziswe amasu ahlukene.

hypothesis indlela

eliseduze indlela umakhelwane kubhekwe njengento algorithm ezivamile asetshenziswe for ngezigaba. Into othola ngezigaba kungokwalabo y_i ekilasini, lapho into abaseduze ukufunda isampula x_i.

Ngokucacile izindlela omakhelwane eliseduze

k eliseduze indlela umakhelwane kungaba ukunemba ngezigaba. into ihlaziye kungokwalabo ekilasini efanayo omningi omakhelwane bayo, okungukuthi, k eduze ke ahlekwa le ihlaziye isampula x_i. Ekuxazululeni izinkinga nge kuzoqhutshwa amakilasi amabili inani omakhelwane kuyoba lingalingani ukugwema isimo emagama, uma inani elifanayo omakhelwane tando fanele kwama-class ehlukene.

Le nqubo komakhelwane okwesikhashana

indlela PostgreSQL-ihlaziye tsvector omakhelwane eliseduze isetshenziswa uma inani amakilasi okungenani ezintathu, futhi awukwazi ukusebenzisa isibalo aphambene. Kodwa kuphakama emagama ngisho lezi zimo. Khona-ke, umakhelwane i-th uthola isisindo w_i, okuyinto kunciphisa olingana umakhelwane i. Libhekisela isigaba into, okuzodingeka isisindo esiphezulu Imininingwane phakathi komakhelwane abaseduze.

Umbono ka compactness

At inhliziyo zonke izindlela ngenhla umbono ka compactness. It uphakamisa ukuhlobana isilinganiso yokufana lezinto futhi bengabakaJehova ekilasini efanayo. Kulesi simo, umngcele phakathi izinhlobo ezahlukene kuyindlela elula, bese wakha amakilasi lezinto emkhathini compact endaweni mobile. Ngaphansi ezindaweni ezifana e izingabunjalo ayiswe bowuqonde ivaliwe isethi iphahlwe. Lo mbono awahlobene bezibona kwansuku izwi.

Ifomula eyisisekelo

Ake sihlole kabanzi umakhelwane eliseduze. Uma ukuqeqeshwa ehlongozwayo isampula uhlobo "into impendulo» X ^ m = \ {(x_1, y_1), \ amachashazi, (x_m, y_m) \}; uma sebuningini izinto ukuchaza ibanga umsebenzi \ Rho (x, x), okumelelwe ngesimo i eyanele imodeli ukufana lezinto ngokwandisa inani umsebenzi incipha ukufana phakathi izinto x, x '.

Ukuze noma iyiphi into, u oyokwakha isampula ukuqeqeshwa letigcogcwe ngaphambilini x_i nge okwandisa amabanga ukuze u:

\ Rho (u, x_ {1; u}) \ leq \ Rho (u, x_ {2; u}) \ leq \ cdots \ leq \ Rho (u, x_ {m; u}),

lapho x_ {i; u} ephawula into yokufunda isampula, okuyinto i-th umthombo umakhelwane into u. notation okunjalo nokusetshenziswa ukuphendula umakhelwane i-th: y_ {i; u}. Ngenxa yalokho, sithola ukuthi iyiphi into u kuphakamisa renumbering isampula siqu.

Ukunqunywa k inani omakhelwane

umakhelwane eliseduze indlela lapho k = 1 uyakwazi kokunikeza i ngezigaba eyiphutha, hhayi kuphela kwi izinto-emkhathini, kodwa nezezinye amakilasi aseduze.

Uma sithatha k = m, algorithm kuyoba njengoba ozinzile futhi ngeke nje zibe value njalo. Yingakho nokwethenjelwa kubalulekile ukugwema indices kakhulu k.

Ekusebenteni, njengoba elilungile Inkomba k esetshenziswa umbandela noma ngokuhambisa control.

Ukuhlola kwekhabhoni

Izinhloso cwaningo abangazazi engalingani, kodwa phakathi kwabo kukhona nalabo abe nezici nekilasi futhi zibizwa ngokuthi amazinga. Ngezinye budebuduze naleli kuncike imodeli ekahle okungenzeka yayo eliphezulu fanele kuze lo ekilasini.

Indlela rezultativen indlela omakhelwane eliseduze? Isibonelo kungabonwa ngesisekelo izigaba neuropathy non-ulwazi lezinto. Kusolwa imvelo aminyene into nabanye abameleli lesi sigaba. Uma bawasuse Ukwahlukaniswa izibonelo zalokho izinga ngeke ahlupheke.

Ngena inombolo ethile amasampula may umsindo Ukuvutha ukuthi kukhona "phansi" nekilasi. Ukususa nomthelela kakhulu omuhle izinga ngezigaba.

Uma isampula othathwe uninformative nekugwema umsindo izinto, ningaqiniseka ukuthi a imiphumela emihle ambalwa ngesikhathi esifanayo.

Eyokuqala yengetiwe indlela eseduze umakhelwane ngezigaba ikuvumela ukuba ngcono ikhwalithi, inciphise idatha egcinwe, ukunciphisa isikhathi ngezigaba, okuyinto esichithwa kukhethwa amazinga olandelayo.

Ukusetshenziswa amasampula ultra-ezinkulu

eliseduze indlela umakhelwane kusekelwe isitoreji yangempela lezinto yokufunda. Ukwakha amasampula ezinkulu kakhulu usebenzisa ube nenkinga yezobuchwepheshe. Inhloso akukhona nje ukulondoloza imali ethe ulwazi, kodwa futhi inani lemali elincane isikhathi isikhathi ukuthola iyiphi into u k phakathi omakhelwane abaseduze.

Ukuze sibhekane nale umsebenzi, izindlela ezimbili ezisetshenziswa:

• isampula thinned nge izinto osenyameni non-idatha;
• ngempumelelo ukusetshenziswa isakhiwo idatha akhethekile amakhodi ukusesha okusheshayo omakhelwane eliseduze.

Imithetho izindlela Ukukhetha

Ukwahlukaniswa ngenhla sasibhekwa njengophawu lokuthi. Eliseduze umakhelwane indlela isetshenziswa ekuxazululeni izinkinga ezingokoqobo, okuyinto kusengaphambili eyaziwa ibanga umsebenzi \ Rho (x, x). Ngo izinto echaza zithwala ezinombolo zisebenzisa imethrikhi Euclidean. Lokhu kukhetha ayinakho ukulungisiswa ekhethekile, kodwa kuhilela nesilinganiso zonke izimpawu "ku esikalini efanayo." Uma lokhu isici is hhayi kunakwe ke metric ngeke yibona sici kokuba eliphakeme amanani ezinombolo.

Uma kukhona insada izici, ukubala ibanga yisibalu lokuchezuka izimpawu ezithile avele sina inkinga ubukhulu.

Ngo okusezingeni eliphezulu isikhala ntathu kude komunye nomunye ngeke zonke izinto. Ekugcineni, iyiphi isampula kuyoba eduze into lafundvwako omakhelwane k. akhethiwe inombolo encane izici ulwazi ukuqeda le nkinga. Algorithms kuhlaziywa izilinganiso ukwakha ngesisekelo amasethi ezahlukene izimpawu, futhi ngamunye ukwakha ukusondela yabo umsebenzi.

isiphetho

izibalo ngokuvamile ezihilela ukusetshenziswa ezihlukahlukene amasu ukuthi babe ehlukile abo nezici, emihle nemibi. Okubukwe eliseduze umakhelwane indlela ongaxazulula ngempela inkinga engathí sina, ngenxa izici wetintfo tetibalo. Umqondo zokuhlola, esekelwe indlela ihlaziye wenziwa ngenkuthalo esetshenziswa intelligence yokufakelwa.

Esikhathini uchwepheshe izinhlelo kubalulekile nje zokuhlukanisa izinto, kodwa zibonisa nokuthi umsebenzisi incazelo ngezigaba embuzweni. Kule ndlela, incazelo yokuthi lesi simo eshiwo maqondana into isigaba esithile kanye indawo yayo ehlobene isampuli isetshenziswa. Legal umkhakha Ochwepheshe, izazi zokuma komhlaba, odokotela, thatha lokhu "sandulela" logic ngenkuthalo ukuyisebenzisa ucwaningo lwabo.

Ukuze ukuhlaziywa indlela kwaba enokwethenjelwa kakhulu, esebenza kahle, enika imiphumela oyifunayo, uyithathele khona okungenani umfanekiso k, ngenkathi futhi ugweme kwekhabhoni phakathi kwezinto ihlaziye. Yingakho ukusetshenziswa kwamazinga kanye indlela Ukukhetha, kanye amamethrikhi nokwenza.