Uhlelo lokujikeleza kwezinyoni, izinambuzane kanye nezidakamizwa

I-circulatory system of birds inomthelela ophawulekayo kusuka ohlelweni lokujikeleza kwezinambuzane: linokuhlukaniswa okuphelele kokugeleza kwegazi okuphazamisayo nokwehla. Isici esikhethekile sezinyoni yinhliziyo yabo enkulu. Futhi ezinyoni ezincane, ubukhulu benhliziyo bukhulu, futhi ukushaya kwenhliziyo kukhulu kakhulu kunezinyoni ezinkulu.

Umfutho wegazi wezinyoni ungaphezu kokuphindwe kabili inani lezilwane ezinwabuzelayo nezilwanyana ezincelisayo. Lokhu kusebenza nokuqukethwe okulinganiselwe kwegazi, i-hemoglobin, inani elingu-erythrocyte, nokuqukethwe kokushukela, kanye nomthamo we-oksijini wegazi. Uhlelo lokujikeleza lwezinyoni luzo zonke lezi zici ngenxa yezinga eliphakeme lezinqubo zokuqukethe umzimba. Inhliziyo enkulu kanye ne- pulse njalo eyenza ukujikelezwa kwegazi okusheshayo ohlelweni, okuhlangene nomthamo omkhulu we-oksijeni kanye nesisindo soshukela, kuvumela izicubu ezinamathele eziqinile futhi ngokushesha kanye nazo zonke izitho ezinezakhi nomoya. Lokhu kuholela ekususweni kwemikhiqizo evela ezingxenyeni zenyoni, okubangelwa izinqubo zamathambo.

Inhliziyo yenyoni ingamakamelo amane, iqukethe ama-auricles amabili nama-ventricles amabili. Emithanjeni emikhulu, igazi elibi kakhulu liqoqa i-atrium elungile futhi ligeleza ngaphakathi kwe-ventricle efanele. Umthambo we-pulmonary usuka kwi-ventricle efanele bese uhlukanisa emagatsheni angakwesokunxele nangakwesokudla. Ngokusho kwabo, igazi eliyingozi libhebhethe emaphashini, lapho lihlanganiswa khona. Okulandelayo, i-oxidized blood arterial ihamba emithanjeni ibe i-atrium kwesokunxele. I-circulatory system of birds ine-2 imibuthano yokujikeleza kwegazi (encane nenkulu). Omkhulu uqukethe i-ventricle engakwesobunxele, i-aorta engakwesokudla, umthamo omkhulu, okuvela kuyo imishanguzo emibili esuka enhliziyweni: ngakwesokunxele nangakwesobunxele. Yena ngokwakhe ubuyela phezu kwe-bronchus kwesokudla emgodleni, njenge-aorta ehlehlayo. I-arteries, ngayinye ehlukene, ihlukaniswe ngokugubha, iya ekhanda, nase-subclavia enkulu. Umthambo we-subclavian uhlukanisa ube yi-brachial, uqondiswe emisipha yephiko, futhi umthambo onamandla we-thoracic ungena emisipha ye-sternum.

Kusukela ezigodini ezinkulu ze-aorta, i-tissue yangaphakathi ne-mesenteric iyahamba, ihlinzeka igazi emisipha yomzimba, izitho zomzimba wezintambo, izingalo ezisemuva, amathumbu, nesisu.

I-circulatory system of birds iqoqa igazi legazi elivela ekhanda lezinyoni liye emithanjeni egcwele , ehambisana nalezi zitsha zihlangene emithanjeni engakwesokunxele nangakwesobunxele egeleza i-atrium efanele. Kusuka endaweni ye-cloaca, imithanjeni encane iqoqa igazi, bese ihlangene ndawonye, yenza ama-three amakhulu.

Uhlelo lokujikeleza kwezinambuzane luyisiyingi esivulekile. Igazi aligcini ngokuphelele ngaphakathi kwe-capsule ye-muscle ehlanganiswe ngemuva, lonke igazi ligezwa futhi ligcwalisa izikhala kanye nezikhala phakathi kwezitho.

Ama-glands of secret secretion secrete ama-hormone aqukethwe ku-hemolymph (igazi) lezinambuzane. Bayibophezele izinqubo zomzimba. Ngenxa yegazi, ingcindezi yangaphakathi idalwa emzimbeni wezinambuzane, okuvumela ukusabalala kwamaphiko, kusiza inqubo yokwenza imfucuza, evula i-proboscis, isekela izidumbu ezincane zezilwane ezithile.

Uhlelo lokujikeleza lwezinambuzane lunenhliziyo, luhlangene nezinkampani eziningana ezilandelanayo ngokulandelana. Zingaba zifika ku-8. Ngenxa yezinqamuzana, igazi lihamba emzimbeni. Ukujikelezwa kwalo ezithombeni eziphansi kwenzeka ngosizo lwe-pulsating membranes - ama-ampoules asezigatsheni zezinambuzane.

Uhlelo lokujikeleza kwe-arthropods luyisiyingi esingavumelekile. Izitho zangaphakathi ze-arthropods zisezindlini - izono, ezigcwele i-hemolymph, ukugeza izitho zangaphakathi, bese ubuyela enhliziyweni nasezikebheni. I-circulatory system ye-arthropods inesitho senhliziyo (ayikho i- ringworms), ehlelwe ngokumane. I-Hemolymph ayibambi iqhaza ekudlulisweni kwegesi, lo msebenzi uyenziwa yi-trachea.