U-Alexander Popov: umsakazo nezinye izinto eziqanjiwe. Biography of Alexander Stepanovich Popov

U-Alexander Popov, isithombe sakhe sizoboniswa ngezansi, wazalelwa esifundazweni seV Perm ngo-1859, ngoMashi 4. Wafa eSt. Petersburg ngo-1905, ngoDisemba 31. U-Popov Alexander Stepanovich - omunye wabanjiniyela bezombusazwe baseRussia abadumile kunazo zonke nakwa-physicists. Kusukela ngo-1899 usuke waba yinkampani yombane ohloniphekile, futhi kusukela ngo-1901 uye waba ikhansela lesifundazwe.

Brief biography of Popov Alexander Stepanovich

Ngaphezu komndeni wakhe kwakukhona izingane eziyisithupha. Lapho eneminyaka engu-10, u-Alexander Popov wathunyelwa esikoleni saseDolmatovo. Kulesi sikhungo semfundo umfowabo omdala wafundisa isiLatini. Ngo-1871, uPapov wadluliselwa e-Ekaterinburg Theological School, ebangeni lesithathu, futhi ngo-1873 waphothula iziqu ngemva kokuqeda izifundo ezigcwele ku-1 st, isikhundla esiphezulu. Ngonyaka ofanayo wangena e-seminary ku-Perm. Ngo-1877, u-Alexander Popov waphumelela ngokuphumelela ukuhlolwa kokungenelela eNyuvesi yaseSt. Petersburg ku-Faculty of Physics and Mathematics. Iminyaka yokufunda isosayensi yesikhathi esizayo yayingelula. Waphoqeleka ukuba athole imali eyengeziwe, njengoba kwakungekho imali eyanele. Phakathi nomsebenzi wakhe, ngokuhambisana nezifundo zakhe, umbono wakhe wesayensi wakhiwa ekugcineni. Ikakhulukazi, yaqala ukubandakanya imibuzo yobunjiniyela kagesi kanye ne-physics yesimanje. Ngo-1882, u-Alexander Popov waphumelela eyunivesithi eneziqu ze-candidate. Wamenywa ukuba ahlale eyunivesithi ukuze alungiselele u-professorship womnyango wezemvelo. Ngonyaka ofanayo wavikela isingeniso sakhe "Emigomeni ye-dynamo kanye nemishini yamaketomeleeleki ene-constant current".

Ukuqala komsebenzi wesayensi

Uchwepheshe osemusha wayekhanga kakhulu ucwaningo lokuhlola emkhakheni kagesi - wangena ekilasini leMayini eKronstadt njengomfundisi wezobunjiniyela kagesi, izibalo kanye ne-physics. Kwakukhona igumbi le-physics elihlomele kahle. Ngo-1890, u-Alexander Popov wathola isimemo sokufundisa isayensi e-Technical School eMnyangweni WaseMaritime eKronstadt. Ngokufanayo, kusuka ngo-1889 kuya ku-1898, wayeyinhloko yesitshalo samandla esikhulu eNorth Novgorod. Zonke izikhathi zakhe zokuphumula uPopov wanikeza umsebenzi wokuhlola. Udaba oluyinhloko, alutadisha, lwaluyimikhiqizo ye-oscillation ye-electromagnetic.

Imisebenzi kusukela ngo-1901 kuya ku-1905

Njengoba kushiwo ngenhla, kusukela ngo-1899 u-Alexander Popov wayenesihloko se-Honorary Electrical Engineer kanye nelungu leNkampani yaseRashiya. Kusukela ngo-1901 waba nguprofesa we-physics e-Electrotechnical Institute ngaphansi kuka-Emperor Alexander weThathu. Ngonyaka ofanayo, uPopov wanikezwa isikhundla sezombusazwe esikoleni sesihlanu - ikhansela lombuso. Ngo-1905, ngaphambi nje kokufa kwakhe, uPopov wakhethwa njengomcwaningi ngesinqumo somkhandlu wezemfundo. Ngonyaka ofanayo, usosayensi wathenga i-dacha eduze nesiteshi. Udomlya. Lapha waphila umndeni wakhe ngemva kokufa kwakhe. Usosayensi washona, ngokusho kwezingcaphuno zomlando, kusuka kwesifo. Kusukela ngo-1921, ngokusho komthetho weKhomishana Yomphakathi Yomphakathi we-RSFSR, umndeni wasosayensi wafakwa "enhlalakahle yempilo yonke". Lokhu kuyi-biography emfushane kaPopov Alexander Stepanovich.

Ucwaningo lokuhlola

Yikuphi ukuphumelela okuyinhloko, okwaba udumo uPopov Alexander Stepanovich? Ukusungulwa komsakazo kwakuwumphumela weminyaka eminingi yocwaningo lomsosayensi. Ukuhlolwa kwakhe kwi-radiotelegraphy kwenziwa yilase physicist kusukela ngo-1897 emikhumbi yeBaltic Fleet. Ngesikhathi ehlala eSwitzerland, abasizi besosayensi baphawule ngephutha ukuthi isibonakaliso sokuvusa singenelisekile, umhlanganisi uqala ukuguqula isignali esiphezulu se-amplitude-modulated isignali ephansi. Ngenxa yalokho, kuba lula ukuwuthola ngendlebe. Ngenxa yalokhu, u-Alexander Popov uguqule umamukeli ngokufaka amashubhu ocingweni esikhundleni sokuthunyelwa okubucayi. Ngenxa yalokho, ngo-1901 wathola ilungelo laseRussia ngokubaluleka kohlobo olusha lomamukeli we-telegraph. Idivayisi yokuqala yePopov yayiyisampula yokuqeqesha kancane kancane yokufakwa kokubonisa ukuhlolwa kukaHertz. Ekuqaleni kuka-1895, isazi sefilosofi saseRussia saba nesithakazelo ekuhlolweni kweS Lodge, owafeza umxhumanisi futhi wenzelwa umamukeli, ngenxa yokuthi kwakungenzeka ukuthi athole izimpawu kude namamitha angamashumi amane. U-Popo wazama ukukhiqiza ukwamukela ngokudala ukuguqulwa kwakhe kwedivayisi ye Lodge.

Izici zedivayisi kaPopov

I-Lodge eqondile yanikezwa ngesibhubhu seglasi, esasigcwele izinsimbi zensimbi ezingase zenzeke ngokuphawulekayo - izikhathi ezingamakhulu amaningana - zishintsha ukuqhuba kwazo ngaphansi kwethonya lomsakazo. Ukuze ulethe idivayisi endaweni yayo yasekuqaleni, kwakudingekile ukugubha i-sawdust - ngakho ukuxhumana phakathi kwabo kwaphukile. E-cohoer ye-Lodge, kwanikezwa umculi othomathikhi, owayehlale e-tube. Popov wethula uxhumano okuzenzakalelayo okuzenzakalelayo kuya wesifunda. Ngenxa yalokho, ukuhanjelwa kubangelwa yisignali yomsakazo futhi kufaka ikholi. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, umduger wamiswa, owashaya ipayipi nge-sawdust. Ekufezeni izivivinyo zakhe, uPopov wasebenzisa i-anastna esungulwe yi-Tesla ngo-1893.

Izinzuzo zedivayisi

Ngesikhathi sokuqala uPapov wethule uhlelo lwakhe ngo-1895, ngo-Ephreli 25, ngaphakathi kohlaka lwenkulumo "Ngokwesilinganiso samapulisi ensimbi kuya kudlidliza kagesi." I-physicist incazelo yakhe eshicilelwe yedivayisi eguquliwe yaphawula inzuzo yakhe engafaneleki, ngokuyinhloko ukurekhoda ukuphazamiseka okwenzeka emkhathini, kanye nezinhloso zenkulumo. Usosayensi washo ithemba lokuthi idivayisi yakhe ingasetshenziselwa ukudlulisela izibonakaliso kude ngokusebenzisa ukushisa okusheshayo kagesi, ngokushesha uma umthombo wamagagasi utholakele. Kamuva (kusukela ngo-1945), usuku lwenkulumo kaPapov lwagubha njengoSuku lweRadio. Idivayisi yayo i-physicist ehlobene ne-coil yokubhala. URichard, ngaleyo ndlela athola idivayisi egcina ama-oscillation ama-electromagnetic atmospheric atmosphere. Kamuva, lokhu kuguqulwa kwasetshenziswa uLachinov, owafaka "ukuduma kwezulu" esiteshini sakhe sezulu. Ngeshwa, imisebenzi eMnyangweni WaseMaritime yabeka imingcele ethile ePopov. Kulokhu, ukugcina isifungo sokubophezela ukugcina ulwazi oluyimfihlo, i-physicist ayizange ishicilele imiphumela emisha yomsebenzi wayo, ngoba ngaleso sikhathi yayingolwazi oluhlukanisiwe.