Iyini i-electromagnetnet? Izinhlobo nezinhloso zabo

Lesi sihloko sichaza ukuthi i-electromagnet ikuphi, yiliphi isimiso elungiselelwe, futhi yiziphi izinhlobo zamagnet asetshenziswa ngazo.

Magnetism

Mhlawumbe enye yezinto ezimangalisa kakhulu, kodwa ngesikhathi esifanayo ukusabela ngokomzimba okulula kuyimagnetism. Eminyakeni engaphezu kwengu-3 000 eyedlule, ososayensi abaningi baseGrisi naseChina lasendulo babesazi izindawo ezingavamile "zamatshe amagnetic."

Ngesikhathi esifanayo, amamitha awamangazi muntu, ngisho namandla kakhulu - asekelwe ku-neodymium. Zivame ukuthengiswa njengezintambo noma zingatholakala ngaphakathi kwamadivaysi ahlukene nezinqubo. Noma kunjalo, bambalwa bayazi ukuthi i-magnetism ebaluleke kangakanani ekuthuthukiseni isayensi nezobuchwepheshe.

Kodwa ekuqaleni kwekhulu le-XIX, idivayisi enjalo njenge-electromagnet yadalwa. Ngakho iyini i-electromagnet, indlela ehlelwe ngayo futhi lapho isetshenziswa khona? Sizokukhuluma ngalokhu kulesi sihloko.

Incazelo

I-electromagnet iyisidingo esikhethekile, umsebenzi owenza insimu yamagnetic lapho kusetshenziswe khona ugesi kagesi kuso. Ngokuvamile, ama-electromagnets ahlanganisa ukugxila okuyisisekelo kanye nomgogodla ophethe izakhi zensimbi.

Ukuvuthwa kuvame ukwenziwa ngethusi noma nge-aluminium wire of ubukhulu obuhlukahlukene, okwamanje buhlanganiswe nokugxila. Kodwa zikhona namagesi amancane avela ezintweni eziphezulu. Ama-magnetic cores ngokwabo azenziwe ngensimbi, izinsimbi zensimbi-nickel noma insimbi ensimbi. Futhi ukuze unciphise ukulahlekelwa emifudlana e- eddy, ama- magnetic cores ahlelwe ngendlela ehlelwe kusukela kusethi yonke yamashidi amancane. Manje siyazi ukuthi i-electromagnet ikuphi. Ake sihlolisise umlando wokwakha le divayisi ewusizo.

Umlando

Umdali we-electromagnet uWilliam Sturgeon. Nguye owenza ngo-1825 umlenze wokuqala wokuqala. Ngokwemvelo, le divayisi yayiyinkimbinkimbi yensimbi, eyayizungeze ucingo oluxubile lwethusi. Ngesikhathi lapho umshini kagesi wawuqhutshelwa khona, induku yensimbi yathola izakhiwo zamagnet. Futhi lapho ukugeleza kwamanje kuphazanyiswa, yonke idivaysi ye-magnetism yalahleka ngokushesha. Yile mfanelo - ukufakwa kanye nokucima, uma kunesidingo - futhi kuvumela ukusetshenziswa kwamagesi kagesi ezinkambeni eziningi zobuchwepheshe nezomkhakha.

Siye sabheka umbuzo wokuthi yini i-electromagnet. Manje ake sihlaziye izinhlobo zayo eziyinhloko. Zihlukaniswe ngokwemvelo yokudala le magnetic field. Kodwa umsebenzi wabo uhlala ufana.

Izinhlobo

Ama-electromagnets afika emafomu alandelayo:

• I-current direct neutral. Kule divayisi, i- flux magnetic idalwe ngumshini ovamile kagesi odlule ngokuhamba. Ngakho-ke, amandla okukhanga we-electromagnet anjalo ahluka kuye ngokuthi ubukhulu besikhathi samanje, futhi hhayi ekuqondeni kwawo.
• I-polarized yamanje ngqo. Isenzo se-electromagnetic yaloluhlobo sisekelwe lapho kukhona khona izimpukane ezimbili ezizimele ezizimele. Ekhuluma ngokugcoba, ukutholakala kwayo kuvame ukudalwe ngamagesi ahlala njalo (ezimweni ezingavamile - ngamagesi kagesi angeziwe), futhi kuyadingeka ukudala amandla athandekayo lapho kuvulwa khona. Futhi isenzo se-electromagnet enjalo sincike ekutheni ubukhulu nobuqondisi bomshini kagesi ohamba phambili.
• Amanje we-AC. Emadivaysi anjalo, ikhoyili ye-electromagnet inikwe amandla ngokushintsha ugesi wamanje. Ngakho-ke, nge-periodicity ethile, i-flux magnetic ishintsha isiqondiso sayo nobukhulu. Futhi amandla okukhanga ahlukahluka kuphela ngobukhulu, ngenxa yokuthi "uphonsela" kusukela ekungenani kuya kwenani eliphakeme ngokuvama okunenani eliphindwe kabili ngokuphathelene nemvamisa yamanje kagesi okuwondla.

Ngeziphi izinhlobo zazo, sesivele sifundile. Manje ake sicabangele izibonelo zokusetshenziswa kwamagesi kagesi.

Industry

Mhlawumbe, noma yikuphi isikhathi, kodwa ubone izinguqulo zale divayisi, njengokuphakamisa i-electromagnet. Leli "pancake" elinyene lama diameter ahlukahlukene, elinamandla amakhulu okukhanga futhi lisetshenziselwa ukuthwala imithwalo, izinsimbi zensimbi nanoma iyiphi enye insimbi. Ukuthokozela ukuthi kwanele ukuvala amandla - futhi wonke umthwalo ngokushesha uthola, futhi ngokufanayo. Lokhu kwenza lula ukulayishwa nokulayishwa kwenqubo.

Amandla we-electromagnet, ngendlela, ibalwa ngendlela elandelayo: F = 40550 ∙ B ^ 2 ∙ S. Ake siyihlole ngokuningiliziwe. Kulesi simo, uF uyingxenye yamakhilogremu (angabuye alinganiswe ezinkhathini ezintsha), B iyinani lokungeniswa, futhi i-S iyindawo yokusebenza kwendawo.

Imithi

Ngisho ekupheleni kwekhulu le-XIX, ama-electromagnets asetshenziselwa ukwelashwa. Esinye isibonelo esinjalo yi-apparatus ekhethekile engakwazi ukukhipha izidumbu zangaphandle (shavings metal, rust, scale, njll) esweni.

Futhi esikhathini sethu, ama-electromagnets asetshenziselwa kakhulu emithi, futhi, mhlawumbe, enye yamadivaysi anjalo, ngawo wonke umuntu owake wezwa, i-MRI. Isebenza ngesisekelo se-resonance magnetic-nyukliya, futhi, eqinisweni, iyinhlangano yamandla kagesi amakhulu futhi enamandla.

I-Technique

Futhi, amakhompi anjalo asetshenziselwa amasu ahlukahlukene kanye ne-elekthronikhi, kanye nasendlini yasendlini, isibonelo, njengama-lock. Izikhiye ezinjalo zilula ngoba zishesha futhi zilula ukusebenza, kodwa zanele ukuvuselela isakhiwo esimweni esiphuthumayo, futhi zonke zizovuleka, okulula kakhulu umlilo.

Yebo-ke, umsebenzi wawo wonke olayishwayo usekelwe emigomeni ye-electromagnetism.

Njengoba ubona, lena yidivayisi ebaluleke kakhulu ethole isicelo ezinhlokweni ezihlukahlukene zesayensi nobuchwepheshe.