Amadivayisi we-Golgi: isakhiwo nemisebenzi ye-organelles

Idivayisi ye-Golgi iyimbumba ebalulekile, ekhona cishe kuwo wonke amaseli eukaryotic. Mhlawumbe amaseli kuphela lapho lokhu okuyinkimbinkimbi engekho khona amangqamuzana egazi abomvu ama-vertebrates. Imisebenzi yalesi sakhiwo ihluke kakhulu. Kungaphakathi kwamathangi wedivayisi ukuthi wonke ama-compounds akhiqizwa yi cell cell, emva kwalokho ukuhlelwa kwabo okuqhubekayo, ukuguqulwa, ukwabiwa kabusha kanye nokuthutha kwenzeka.

Naphezu kokuthi idivayisi ye-Golgi yatholwa kusukela ngo-1897, kuze kube yilolu suku ezinye zezinhlelo zayo zifundiswa ngokucophelela. Ake sicabangele izici ezengeziwe mayelana nesakhiwo nokusebenza kwayo.

Amadivayisi we-Golgi: isakhiwo

Leli gumbi iqoqo lamathangi e-membrane ahlangene kakhulu, afana nenqwaba. Iyunithi yokwakha neyasebenza lapha i-diktiosoma.

I-Diktiosoma iyingxenye ehlukile, eyingxenye yezingxenye ze-Golgi, equkethe ama-3 kuya kwangu-8 eduze kwamathangi aseduze. I-stack yale tanks yamangqamuzana ijikelezwe uhlelo lwe-vacuoles ne-vesicles encane - yilokho ukuthuthwa kwezinto kuyenzeka, kanye nokuxhunyaniswa kwama-dictyosomes phakathi kwabo kanye nezinye izakhiwo zamaselula. Njengomthetho, amangqamuzana ezilwane ane-diktiosome eyodwa kuphela, ngenkathi ezakhiweni zezitshalo zingaba khona eziningi.

E-diktiosome, kuvamile ukuhlukanisa lezi ziphetho ezimbili-izinhlangothi ze-cis ne-trans. I-cis-side ibheke i-nucleus ne-granular endoplasmic reticulum. Ama-proteine anama-synthetic nezinye izinhlanganisela zihanjiswa lapha njengezingqimba ze-vesicles. Ngalokhu sekupheleni kwe-diktiosome, amathangi amasha ayakhiwa njalo.

I-trans-side ibhekene nekhanda lensiza. Njengomthetho, kubanzi kancane. Ukuxhumeka okuvele kudlule kuzo zonke izigaba zokuguqulwa kuwela kulesi sigaba. Kusukela e-tank engezansi, i-vacuoles encane nama-vesicle ahlale eqhekekile, okuyizinto ezithwala izinto ezitholakala ku- organelles oyifunayo yeseli.

Amadivayisi we-Golgi: imisebenzi

Njengoba sekushiwo kakade, imisebenzi ye-organelles ihluke kakhulu.

• Lapha ukuguqulwa kwama-molecule wamaprotheni amasha okwenziwa kabusha. Ezimweni eziningi, i-carbohydrate, i-sulfate noma i-phosphoric radical ifakwe kunomumo wamaprotheni. Ngakho-ke, idivayisi ye-Golgi inesibopho sokubunjwa kwamaprotheni we- plasma membrane, ama-enzyme namaprotheni we-lysosomes.
• Idivayisi ye-Golgi inesibopho sokuthutha amaprotheni alungisiwe ezindaweni ezithile zeseli. Kusukela ohlangothini oluhambayo, ama-bubbles amancane ahlukaniswe njalo, aqukethe amaprotheni akhiwe ngomumo.
• Lapha, wonke ama-enzyme e-lysosomal akha futhi athuthwa.
• Emigodini yamathangi kukhona ukuqoqwa kwe-lipids, futhi kamuva ukwakheka kwe-lipoproteins - yinkimbinkimbi yamaphrotheni nama-molecular lipid.
• Idivayisi ye-Golgi yesitja sesitshalo ibangela ukuhlanganiswa kwe-polysaccharides, okuqhubekayo ukwakha udonga lwamaseli wesitshalo, kanye ne-mucus, i-pectins, i-hemicellulose nama-ax.
• Ngemva kokuhlukanisa isitshalo sesitshalo, isakhiwo se-Golgi senza ingxenye ekwakheni ipuleti yeseli.
• Esikhathini se-spermatozoon, le nhlangano ihlanganyela ekwakheni ama-enzyme e-acrosome, ngosizo lwama-shells amaqanda abonakala ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa.
• Emangqamuzaneni ama-protozoans, isakhiwo se-Golgi sinesibopho sokwakhiwa kwe-vacuoles yezivumelwano, ezilawula ingcindezi ye-osmotic.

Yiqiniso, lokhu akulona uhlu oluphelele lwemisebenzi eyenziwe. Ososayensi banamuhla basenza izifundo ezihlukahlukene besebenzisa ubuchwepheshe bamuva. Kungenzeka ukuthi eminyakeni embalwa elandelayo uhlu lwemisebenzi yengxenyana ye Golgi luyokhula kakhulu. Kodwa nanamuhla kungashiwo ngokuqiniseka ukuthi le nhlangano isekela umsebenzi obalulekile ojwayelekile womabili amangqamuzana kanye nomzimba wonke.