Inani labantu baseRussia nabasemadolobheni: idatha yokubalwa kwabantu. Abantu baseCrimea

Abantu abangaba yizigidi eziyi-147 - yilokho abantu abaningi abahlala khona eRussia namuhla. Bangaki babo ababesifazane, amadoda, izingane kanye nabahola impesheni? Yikuphi ubuzwe obuningi kakhulu kuleli zwe? Yiziphi izimpawu zasemakhaya nasemadolobheni aseRussia? Ake sizame ukuphendula yonke le mibuzo.

Abantu baseRussia: izibalo ezimbalwa ezomile

I-Russian Federation yizwe lokuqala emhlabeni ngendawo kanye nesishiyagalolunye ngabantu. Izinkomba ezinkulu zabantu zombuso (ngo-2016):

• 146 544 710 - abantu baseRussia (kusukela ngoJanuwari 1, 2016);
• 1.77 - inani lokuzala lokuzala (ngo-2015);
• 18 538 - ukwanda kwabantwini bezwe ezinyangeni ezingu-11 zokuqala zika-2016;
• Abantu abangu-8.57 ngamamitha ayi-square. I-Km. - isilinganiso senani labantu;
• Iminyaka engu-20-24 - isilinganiso sobudala bokuzalwa kwengane (kubesifazane);
• Izizwe ezingaphezu kuka-200 nezinhlanga zihlala eRussia yanamuhla.

Ukubalwa kwamanani ku-Russian Federation

Isithombe esiphezulu kunazo zonke nesimo esinembile sezwe sinikezwe idatha yolwazi lomphakathi. Lolu lwazi lusiza ukuhlaziya ukuguqulwa kwezitshengiselo zendawo zabantu ezweni noma esifundeni esithile kuso.

Ukubalwa kwabantu kubambisene nenqubo eqinile yokubambisana, ukuhlela, ukuhlaziya nokucubungula idatha kubantu bezwe noma esifundeni. Lo mcimbi wenziwa ngesisekelo semigomo yemfihlo, yonke indawo kanye nokugxila okuqinile kwenkambiso yonke.

Owokuqala emlandweni waseRussia, ukubalwa komphakathi jikelele kwaqhutshwa ngo-1897 ngaphansi kokuqondiswa kososayensi nomqondisi wezemvelo PP Semenov-Tian-Shansky. Ezikhathini zaseSoviet, izakhamuzi zezwe "zibalwe" izikhathi ezingu-9. Ngemva kokuwa kwe-USSR, ukubalwa kwabantu kwabantu eRussia kwaqhutshwa kabili - ngo-2002 no-2010.

Ngaphandle kokucubungula, amarekhodi ezinkomba zabantu baseRussia agcinwa yiRosstat, amagatsha asezindaweni zokubhalisa amahhovisi, kanye namahhovisi okupasipoti.

Isimo samanje sabantu baseRussia

Inani labantu baseRussia Federation cishe abantu abayizigidi ezingu-143 kanye nezinye izakhamuzi ezingu-90,000 ezihlala phesheya. Lezi idatha yohlu lokugcina labantu olwenziwe ezweni ekwindla ka-2010. Uma kuqhathaniswa nokubalwa kwabantu ngo-2002, inani labantu baseRussia liye lahla ngamamiliyoni angaphezu kwezigidi ezimbili.

Ngokuvamile, isimo samanje sezwe eRussia singachazwa njengenkinga. Nakuba kusekuqaleni kakhulu ukukhuluma mayelana "nokuqedwa kwesizwe". Ngaphezu kwalokho, eminyakeni yamuva ukunyuka kwemvelo komphakathi kubhalisiwe (nakuba kungabalulekile). Isikhathi sokuphila sanda futhi ezweni. Ngakho, kusukela ngo-2010 uye wakhula kusukela ku-68.9 kuya ku-70.8 iminyaka.

Ngokwezimo ezinzima kakhulu, ngo-2030 inani labantu baseRussia lizoncishiswa libe ngabantu abangaba ngu-142 million. Ngokusho kwezibikezelo zabantu abahlala phambili, inani labo lizokhula libe yizigidi eziyizigidi eziyizigidi ezingu-152.

Isakhiwo sobulili nesidala sabantu

Ngokwezibalo zakamuva, abesifazane baseRussia banamaphesenti angu-10,8 ngaphezu kwamadoda. Futhi le "gulf" phakathi kobulili isanda njalo ngonyaka. Isizathu esiyinhloko salesi simo ukushona okukhulayo phakathi kwabantu abavuthiwe (iminyaka yobudala). Futhi ngaphezu kwengxenye yalezi zokufa kubangelwa izifo zesimiso senhliziyo.

Ukubunjwa kwamanje kwezwe laseRussia kanje:

• Iqembu labantwana nezingane (iminyaka engu-0-14): 15%;
• Izakhamizi ezineminyaka yobudala (iminyaka engu-15-64): 72%
• Izimpesheni (iminyaka engaphezu kwengu-65): cishe ngo-13%.

Ukubunjwa kobuhlanga besintu

Ngokuvumelana noMthethosisekelo wamanje, iRashiya yizwe elizweni jikelele. Idatha yezinkampani zakamuva zakamuva ziqinisekisa lokhu kuhlaziywa futhi.

Ngakho-ke, eRussia namuhla kunezizwe ezingaphezu kwamakhulu amabili namacembu. Isizwe esiningi kunazo zonke kuleli zwe yiRashiya (cishe ngo-80%). Nokho, bahlakazeka kulo lonke elaseRussia Federation ngokungavumelani. Okuncane kunabo bonke abaseRussia eRephabhliki yaseChenchen (abangaphezu kuka-2%).

Ezinye izizwe, inani labo eRussia elidlula iphesenti elilodwa:

• AmaTatar (3.9%);
• Ama-Ukrainians (1.4%);
• Ama-Bashkirs (1.2%);
• I-Chuvash (1%);
• I-Chechens (1%).

Izakhamuzi zaseRussia Federation zikhuluma ngezilimi ezingamakhulu amaningana nezinkulumo ezihlukahlukene. Okuvamile kulezi ziRussia, isi-Ukrainian, isi-Armenia, isi-Belarusian, isiTatar. Kodwa izilimi ezingu-136 ezisezweni laseRussia zanamuhla zisongelwa kakhulu ekuqothulweni ngokuphelele (ngokombono we-UNESCO international international organization).

Abantu baseRussia nabasemadolobheni

Namuhla eRussia kunamadolobha angu-2386 nezindawo ezingaphezu kuka-134 000 zasemaphandleni. Abantu abangu-74% bahlala emadolobheni, 26% emadolobhaneni nasemadolobheni. Inani labantu baseRussia nasezindaweni zasemadolobheni bahluka kakhulu ngokubhekisana nobuhlanga, ubulili kanye nobudala, izinga kanye nendlela yokuphila.

ERussia yanamuhla, inhlanganisela emangalisayo yezindlela ezimbili ezibonakala zingavumelani. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, inani lamadolobha kuleli zwe liyehla ngokushesha, lihlabelelwa evesini naseprose, "eRussia yasemaphandleni" kancane kancane iphela. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, leli zwe libhekene nalokho okuthiwa yi-de-urban (ngaphakathi kuka-0.2% ngonyaka). I-Russia ingenye yamazwe ambalwa emhlabeni lapho abantu basuka khona emizini beya emizaneni baya endaweni yokuhlala.

Kusukela ekuqaleni kuka-2016, abantu baseRussia basezindaweni zasemadolobheni bangabantu abayizigidi ezingu-109.

Amadolobha aseRussia

Uma kukhona okungenani abantu abangu-12 000 ekuhlaleni, uma nje u-85% wabo engabasebenzi kwezolimo, khona-ke kungabhekwa njengedolobha. Yonke imizi yaseRussia ngamanani ihlukaniswe yaba:

• Abancane (abangaba ngu-50 000 izakhamuzi);
• Isilinganiso (ama-50-100 amawaka);
• Kubanzi (100-250 izinkulungwane);
• Kubanzi (250-500 izinkulungwane);
• Inkulu kunazo zonke (izinkulungwane ezingu-500-1000);
• "Izigidi" (ezinabantu abangaphezu kwesigidi esisodwa).

Namuhla uhlu lwamadolobha-amaRussia anamagama angu-15. Futhi kule mizi eyishumi nesishiyagalombili igxile cishe ngo-10% wabantu baseRussian Federation.

Imizi eminingi emikhulu yaseRussia ithuthuka ngokushesha, ithuthukisa izindawo ze-satellite futhi yenza ama-agglomeration asezindaweni zasemakhaya ngokuxhumana okusimeme kwezomnotho nezenhlalakahle.

Imizana yaseRussia

Kunezinhlobo ezinhlanu zemiphakathi yasemaphandleni ensimini yaseRussia:

• Amadolobha;
• Amadolobha;
• I-Farmstead;
• Stanitsy;
• Auls.

Cishe isigamu sezo zonke izindawo zasemaphandleni zezwe zingaphansi komncinyane kunazo zonke (inani lalo alidluli abantu abangu-50).

Umzana wendabuko waseRussia uhamba kancane kancane. Futhi lena ingenye yezinkinga ezibuhlungu kunazo zonke zabantu baseRussia banamuhla. Kusukela ngo-1991, amadolobhana namadolobha angaba yi-20 000 sebelahlekile ebalazweni lezwe. Inani elimangalisayo nelesabekayo!

Ukubalwa kwabantu kokugcina, okwenziwe ngo-2010, kwaphinde kwafakazela izibalo ezidabukisayo: ezizindeni eziningi zaseRussia kwakukhona amagama namakhaya angenalutho. Futhi asikhulumi lapha nje ngezindawo zaseSiberia noma eMpumalanga Ekude. Amakhilomitha ambalwa kuphela ukusuka eMoscow ungathola amadolobhana asanda kulahliwe. Isimo esidabukisayo kunazo zonke esifundeni saseTver, esitholakala phakathi phakathi kwezihloko ezimbili zezwe - eMoscow naseSt. Petersburg. Ukufuduka okukhulu kulezi zindlela ezimbili ezithembisayo, ezihambisana namazinga aphezulu okufa, okuholela ekuqothulweni kwezindawo eziningi ezincane.

Kungani idolobhana laseRussia liphuma? Kunezizathu eziningi, nakuba zonke zihlobene kakhulu. Ukungabi nomsebenzi, imithi evamile kanye nengqalasizinda, ukungahlehlisi okwenziwe ngokuphelele kanye nokungenzeki kokuziqhenya kwabantu abahlala emadolobheni amakhulu.

Inani labantu baseCrimea: inani lenani, isizwe, isimilo nenkolo

Kusukela ekuqaleni kuka-2016, abantu abayizigidi ezingu-2.3 bahlala eRiphabhlikhi yaseCrimea. Phakathi no-2014-2016, cishe abantu abayizinkulungwane ezingu-22 bafuduka besuka ensimini yenhlonipho baya e-Ukraine. Ngalesi sikhathi esifanayo, ababaleki abangaphansi kuka-200,000 abavela emadolobheni abhidliwe yimpi namadolobhana aseDonbass bathuthele eCrimea.

Abantu baseCrimea bangabameli bamazwe angu-175. Abaningi kakhulu phakathi kwabo bangamaRussia (68%), ama-Ukrainians (16%), amaCatalan Tatars (11%), amaByelorussia, Azerbaijan nama-Armenia. Ulimi oluvame kakhulu esiqhingini saseRussia. Ngaphandle kwakhe, inkulumo yeCrimean Tatar, Armenian, kanye ne-Ukraine ingase izwakale lapha.

Iningi labantu baseCrimea libiza i-Orthodoxy. AmaCatalan Tatars, kanye no-Ubeks kanye ne-Azerbaijan bangamalungu enkolo yamaSulumane. Abantu baseKaiite nabakwaKrymchaks basekhaya basekhaya bangamaJuda enkolo yabo. Kuze kube manje, kunezinhlangano ezingaphezu kuka-1,300 zenkolo nezinhlangano eziqhingini.

Izinga lokuhlala emadolobheni e-republic liphansi kakhulu - kuphela 51%. Emashumini eminyaka amuva nje, inani labantu baseRomania elihlala emaphandleni liye lakhula kakhulu ngenxa yamaCrimean Tatars, ngaleso sikhathi ayebuyela ezweni lakubo futhi ahlala ezindaweni eziningi. Namuhla eCrimea kunemizi engu-17. Okukhulu kunabo (ngamanani ): Simferopol, Sevastopol, Kerch, Yevpatoria neYalta.

Isiphetho

26% / 74% - lokhu isilinganiso esihlola abantu baseRussia nabasemadolobheni namuhla. Esimweni kukhona izinkinga eziningi ezinabantu abaningi, isisombululo okufanele sisondele kuso ngokucacile. Enye yazo inqubo yokuqothulwa kwamadolobhana namadolobhana amancane eRussia yanamuhla.