Uyini ububanzi Mars kanye nendlela okusebenza ngayo ububanzi Ngomhlaba? Ububanzi, isisindo nencazelo Mars

Mars iyona iplanethi wesine sonozungezilanga - yesehlakalo izindaba eziningi kumnandi. Ababhali kanye nabaqondisi zivame ibekwe lapha impucuko ezisemkhathini, enobutha negcwele ukukhonza noma friendly kithi. Nokho, ucwaningo, ebonisa ukuthi okunjalo athuthukile ukuphila Mars akuyona neze. Lokhu akusho ukuthi Iplanethi Ebomvu - indawo buthuntu futhi ungakujabulisi. Kunalokho, ososayensi eminingi engqondweni yami uyiswa lapha, sizama ukufunda izimfihlo futhi uchaze izici iplanethi lesine. Amapharamitha ezifana ububanzi Mars, isisindo salo, ukusheshisa ngokuwa khulula, lo wokuqala nowesibili isivinini cosmic emhlabeni nokunye, eqoqwe ngokucophelela futhi ihlaziye phakathi nayo yonke inkathi cwaningo omakhelwane bethu. Ababejwayelene naye njengomuntu eduze.

Izici orbit

Mars - incazelo emhlabeni, mhlawumbe, ukuqala nale - ngezinga of remoteness ukusuka elangeni kufanele kube ngaphezudlwana nje Earth. orbit has a obuphelele amakhilomitha angaba yizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingu-1.5, like iningi amaplanethi kuyinto lesiyingi. Beyond emzileni Mars main elisemkhathini ibhande.

Omunye revolution emhlabeni wonke Iplanethi Ebomvu kuthatha isikhathi kakhulu kunomhlaba - izinsuku 687. Ibanga isilinganiso ilanga Mars - abacishe babe yizigidi 228 amakhilomitha. Ukuze uqhathanise, inkomba efanayo Ngomhlaba - 149 500 000 km.

ukufana

Kukhona futhi ezifanayo namagugu abo nemingcele agcwele Earth-Mars. Incazelo iplanethi njalo liqukethe ulwazi mayelana inkathi azungeza axis awo. Njengoba sazi, uMhlaba mayelana 24 amahora. Uma lesi sibalo akukona ezahlukene Iplanethi Ebomvu - amahora angu-24 amaminithi 37 22.7 imizuzwana. Ngenxa yalokhu Ukujikeleza okusheshayo umakhelwane wethu has eziningana isicaba ukwakha izingongolo. Ngenxa yalokho, lo ububanzi enkabazwe ye-Mars uhlukile isibalo esifanayo zokuphasa izingongolo. Nokho, lesi sici efanayo futhi isici Earth. I ububanzi Mars ngo amakhilomitha enkabazwe ifinyelela 6739.8. Lokhu kusho ukuthi bangaba ngu-53% of the ipharamitha efanayo yale planethi. I ububanzi Mars, uma ukukala endaweni zezingongolo, kuyoba esingaphansi 42 km. Lokhu ipharamitha ungaphakathi okufanayo umhlaba njengoba kunguye odlule.

I ahlangene Iplanethi Ebomvu has a engela kahle esikhulu ukuthambekela ukuba indiza ye-orbit (24 ° 56 '), esinikela esinye isici sokufana Mars ne Zomhlaba - khona kwezinkathi zonyaka. Nokho, ngenxa nezinye izici umehluko iplanethi phakathi ihlobo nobusika libukhali kakhulu.

Ezinye nemingcele ngokomzimba

Ngokuvamile, izici eziyinhloko we uMhlaba ubukeka kunezomunye Mars. Planet Isisindo 6,4185 × 10 ²³ kg - ke kuphela 0.107 we ipharamitha efanayo ngaphezu komhlaba.

I kwabantu of ketshezi akha Mars, - 6,4185 × Okthoba ²³ kg. Ubukhulu bale ukusheshisa okudonsa - 3.7 m / c ^2. izimo lokushisa kule planethi ebomvu ngaphandle ezahlukene kakhulu eMhlabeni. Enkabazwe, emoyeni ehlobo emini ungakwazi ukuxoxa nabo + 30º, nobusuku ebusika cool -80º. Emkhakheni izinga lokushisa isigxobo ngezinye izikhathi lehla -143º.

ebusweni

Iplanethi Mars, izithombe zazo ukuletha cishe yonke omakhal 'ekhukhwini, ogama Yiqiniso siphela esidlule Iplanethi Ebomvu, elinesimo izici kunalokho ezithakazelisayo impumuzo ebusweni. Lapha ungathola lenqwaba asemigodini futhi iminonjana endulo agelezé emsebenzini emkhathini futhi amanzi.

Isici esiyinhloko ebusweni - division yayo yaba izingxenye ezimbili. Nenkabazwe eningizimu sifana kwenyanga landscape. Ngokuvamile, ebusweni ophakamayo eyodwa noma amabili amakhilomitha ngenhla ezingeni isilinganiso. Umbuso wasenyakatho ingxenye iplanethi, kunalokho, lingaphansi isilinganiso. Khona-ke inombolo encane asemigodini, ingxenye eyinhloko isikhala lalibuswa emathafeni ucishe bushelelezi, mhlawumbe ezakhiwe ukuguguleka nezikhukhula lava. Engalungile ububanzi futhi umngcele esasihlukanisa esishintshashintshayo ezimbili, esiqhutshwa isiyingi esikhulu, ukuthambekela kwezinhliziyo mayelana 30º nenkabazwe. Isizathu salokhu division ebusweni ososayensi ibingakazeki.

isakhiwo

Mars iplanethi esimisweni sonozungezilanga kuyingxenye kweqembu elifanayo isikhala izinto, njengoba Earth. Lokhu okuthiwa amaplanethi eliwumhlaba. Basuke izimpawu isakhiwo enamadwala, ngokungafani imidondoshiya igesi, lapho isakhiwo ubuswa izinto gaseous. Umholi phakathi kwezinye izici Silicon kuthatha Mars (21%), kulandele yensimbi, i-magnesium, i-calcium ne-aluminiyamu (12.7, 5, 4 no-3%, ngokulandelana). Ngaphezu kwalokho, on Mars sezingeni eliphezulu, uma kulinganiswa nokwenu umhlaba ezingeni sulphur - 3.1% of the ukwakheka Imininingwane.

Iplanethi Mars, okuyinto okunzima ukudida isithombe nge izithombe nezinye izinto, kuyaziwa ukuthi ngokubomvu ebusweni luhlaza. mphumela inikezwe kanye hydrates yensimbi oxides ezakha inhlabathi iplanethi kanye silicates akha substrate yayo.

kuma-pole,

I-caps omisiwe Iplanethi Ebomvu abe ukushuba cishe ezine amakhilomitha. Zakhiwa a ice amanzi nesikhutha. Kugcine ngaphansi kwamazinga okushisa aphansi linqoba lapho, ke uba emkhathini. Endaweni southern polar cap iziphethu zitholiwe, emele ingxube -carbon dioxide ne uthuli kanye ice uyakhishwa kuya ukuphakama eside ngaphezu kwamanzi.

Polar yiqhwa uqale zigcwale amanzi entwasahlobo. Ngenxa yalokho, ngokuphawulekayo kwandisa umfutho womoya futhi kukhona imimoya enamandla kakhulu, kube lula ukuhamba isisindo umxhwele by volume of gas Nenkabazwe okuphambene. Sheshisa ngaleyo ndlela ngezinye izikhathi ifinyelela 100 m / s.

Lezi izimo kanye imbangela uthuli iziphepho, okuyizinto isici sici iplanethi. Izivunguvungu zenhlabathi benza umnikelo obalulekile izimo kumiswa Mars: kwethonya lokushisa ushintsho, asihole ukuguguleka kwenhlabathi.

iminonjana amanzi

Omunye izisusa ahole abantu ukuhlola emkhathini - isifiso ukuthola, uma kungekhona ukuthi inqubo yokuvela kokuphila ke okungenani izimo ezifanele lapho ivela khona. Mars Sekuyisikhathi eside ibhekwa njengenye yezinto abazobhapathizwa kangcono lo msebenzi. Zanqwabelana kuze kube manje, ubufakazi bubonisa ukuthi Iplanethi Ebomvu yake isikhathi eside kungaba omunye timo letisisekelo ukuvela ukuphila - amanzi esimweni liquid. On Mars wathola ukuguguleka okusikhumbuza izici amanzi. Izithombe zika kobuso rovers idluliselwe baye basiza ososayensi ukuba ubone ngisho nezinsolo akhanzingiweyo emlanjeni emifuleni. Ngaphezu kwalokho, amadivayisi atholakele on Mars Minerals ukwakha lokushisa omuhle okuyizinto ezidingekayo futhi aqueous ane-alikhali medium. Nokho, iziphetho esichazayo mayelana esidlule amanzi Mars, ososayensi baye asikafiki.

Isibhakabhaka

Umhwamuko uhamba ekhona igobolondo emoyeni le planethi, kodwa ngesilinganiso esincane - 0.1%. Ngo ikakhulu (95%) emkhathini kule planethi siqukethe carbon dioxide, i-nitrogen futhi likhona (2.7%), argon (1.6%) nomoya-mpilo (0.13%). Esimweni-methane futhi elisindayo kwatholakala amagesi inert emakamu ongaphakeme aminingi ukudlula izinto ngenhla.

Methane ingenye ngezimfihlakalo zamandla Mars. Le into is ukubola kwelanga futhi ekuqongeleleni yayo emkhathini, ngisho ezifana ukolweni omncane kudinga umthombo njalo umthamo wemvula. Kuze kube manje, kukhona ikhandidethi ezimbili eziyinhloko zale ndima, igesi hydrates abathukuthelela ukushisa kwangaphakathi, futhi ama-bacterium Mars kucatshangwa zikhona izingqimba ezijulile le lithosphere.

amarekhodi

Naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi ububanzi Mars (e amakhilomitha), isisindo sayo kanye nezinye kwemigomo isivuno somhlaba, kukhona futhi izinjongo Ubukhulu umxhwele. Chief phakathi kwabo - kuyinto izintaba-mlilo futhi izintaba. A elikhulu ethafeni wentaba-mlilo Tarsis itholakala Nenkabazwe planethi luqhubeke ngezinyawo amakhilomitha ayizinkulungwane ezimbili. Lapha zitholakala mlilo ezifana Arsiya, Pavonis futhi Askreus. Eduze kwabo, onqenqemeni Tarsis, futhi ingabe "ukuthatheka" eyinhloko Iplanethi Ebomvu - INtaba i-Olympus. Ifinyelela ukuphakama 27 km, kubhekwa aphakeme e lonke zesimiso sonozungezilanga. Ububanzi Olympus ebusweni ethatha indawo kuyinto 550 km.

Tarsis endaweni kungatholakala amaphutha. Umhlangano omkhulu kunayo yonke lezi kuba esigodini okuthiwa Mariner ayizinkulungwane 4.5 amakhilomitha ubude futhi 600 km ububanzi nge afika ku-10 km ukujula. Emithambekeni esigodini ngokuvamile babe umxhwele kakhulu kule kwenhlabathi Solar System.

amandla kazibuthe

Uma lo ububanzi we iplanethi i-Mars, nezinye zezinombolo izici zalo ngokuqondile eyaziwa futhi hhayi ngemibuzo, ezinye nemingcele kubangela imibuzo eminingi kososayensi. Phakathi kwabo, magnetic field planethi. Eqinisweni-ke alikho: akukho ukuvikela Mars kusuka elangeni. Nokho, ucwaningo mkhathi baye babonisa ukuthi iplanethi has a zone enenkambu ngokwanele oqinile magnetic. Kukhona inkolelo yokuthi Mars iminyaka engaba yizigidi eziyizinkulungwane 4 edlule, wayeyazi Ukuvikelwa enamandla ngenxa yokushisa kwelanga, efana eMhlabeni, kodwa ke elahlekile ke.

Amasimu Fixed kukhona izinsalela nge kushintshana polarity emapheshana, esukela entshonalanga kuya empumalanga. Ububanzi afika ku izinkulungwane amakhilomitha. ensimini enjalo wendawo kazibuthe - iphazili kubacwaningi. It is hhayi ukususa noma imvelaphi yabo noma imbangela yalesi polarity.

I ububanzi Mars, Nokho, futhi esikhathini esithile esidlule kuye kwaba imfihlakalo kubantu. Ucwaningo Iplanethi Ebomvu futhi liyaqhubeka siya ngokuya siba sibi ngenxa ubunjiniyela ubuhle kanye nolwazi olusha emkhakheni isayensi yokuma kwezinto ezisemkhathini. Futhi ngakho kukhona zonke izizathu zokukholelwa ukuthi izimfihlo Mars, ngandlela-thile buzakuvezwa futhi wachaza esikhathini esizayo esingekude kakhulu.