Ukukhumbula physics - uyini ukushisa ezithile amanzi?

Ode ingenye izinto ezimangalisayo kakhulu. Naphezu ukusetshenziswa kabanzi futhi jikelele, kuba - imfihlakalo real nature. Njengoba omunye compounds oksijini, amanzi, kubonakala ukuba izici ngempela ongaphakeme ezifana abilayo iphuzu umnkantsha iphuzu, nokushisa vaporization m. P. Kodwa lokhu akwenzeki. umthamo Alone yamanzi, kumnyama noma kubomvu, kuphezulu kakhulu.

Amanzi uyakwazi ukuncela nenani elikhulu ukushisa, wayeselahlekelwe cishe hhayi ukufuthelana - lena izici zayo ngokomzimba. Specific ukushisa umthamo wamanzi ephakeme ukwedlula ukushisa ethile isihlabathi ephindwe kahlanu, kayishumi - yensimbi. Ngakho-ke, amanzi kuyinto kokupholisayo zemvelo. impahla yayo ukugcina esiningi namandla wenza sikwazi ukulolonga nokushintshashintsha kwezinga lokushisa ku surface eMhlabeni futhi ulungise izimo ezishisayo emhlabeni wonke, futhi kwenzeka kungakhathaliseki isizini.

Le mpahla eziyingqayizivele amanzi evumela ukusebenzisa kwayo njengoba kokupholisayo e umkhakha futhi ekhaya. Ngaphezu kwalokho, amanzi ngokuvamile iyatholakala futhi izinto zokusetshenziswa kancane.

Asho ukushisa umthamo? Njengoba sazi enkambweni wokushintsha kwamandla nokwakheka kwezinto, ukudluliswa ukushisa uhlale kuyashisa amakhaza emzimbeni. Lokhu kuhilela ushintsho inani ukushisa, kanye nezinga lokushisa elizosetshenziswa izindikimba ezimbili, ngokuba isimo alandisa kubonisa isiqondiso exchange. Phakathi exchange ukushisa, isib, umzimba wensimbi nge anesisindo esilinganayo yamanzi ngesikhathi okushisa efanayo sokuqala metal kushintsha izinga lokushisa salo izikhathi ezingaphezu eziningana amanzi.

Uma samukela lo postulate yesitatimende main wokushintsha kwamandla nokwakheka kwezinto - kwemizimba emibili (nabanye), lapho omunye ukushisa exchange unika nabanye uthola inani elilingana ukushisa, kuba sobala ukuthi insimbi amanzi kuhluke ngokuphelele ukushisa umthamo.

Ngakho, amandla ukushisa yamanzi (noma iyiphi impahla) - ngezinga elithile ikhono ketshezi ukunikeza (noma ukuthola) othile inani ukushisa ngesikhathi Ukupholisa (Ukushisa) per unit lokushisa.

ukushisa Specific into kubhekwa inani ukushisa edingekayo ukufudumeza iyunithi le nto (1 kg) 1 degree.

Inani ukushisa noma amuncwa wumzimba, ilingana umkhiqizo abakuzuzile ethize ukushisa, okusindayo, futhi izinga lokushisa umehluko. It is kulinganiswa in kilojoule. Omunye ikhalori - okungukuthi inani ukushisa okuyinto kwanele ukufudumeza 1 g amanzi ngamunye 1 degree. Ukuze uqhathanise, ukushisa ezithile emoyeni - 0.24 cal / g ∙ ° C, alumina - 0,22, yensimbi - 0.11 mercury - 0.03.

Umthamo ukushisa yamanzi akuyona njalo. Njengoba kwanda lokushisa kusuka 0 kuya ku-40 ° is kancane encishisiwe (kusuka 1,0074 ukuba 0.9980), kanti nonke nezinye izinto enqubeni Ukushisa, lokhu kwanda isici. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kungase wehlise nokucindezela okwandayo (ukujula).

Njengoba yaziwa, amanzi has ezintathu isimo aggregate - ketshezi, okuqinile (ice) kanye gaseous (umusi). Kulokhu ukushisa ezithile ice imayelana 2 izikhathi leliphasi kunaleyo yamanzi. Lokhu - amanzi main ngokungafani nezinye izinto, ethize ukushisa amagugu ezingenakho ziyehluka isimo okuqinile futhi esibunjiweyo. Iyini imfihlo?

Iqiniso lokuthi ice has a isakhiwo crystalline okuyinto libhujiswa Ukushisa ngesikhathi esisodwa. Amanzi iqukethe izinhlayiya ezincane ice, ehlanganisa ama-molecule amaningi okuthiwa abangane. Lapho ingxenye amanzi ukufuthelana ka amandla ukushisa ichithwa ukubhujiswa izibopho hydrogen kulezi zokwakheka. Lokhu kuwachaza kahle ephakeme ngokungajwayelekile ukushisa umthamo wamanzi. Ngokugcwele uxhumano phakathi molecule lalo libhujiswa ngesikhathi Ukuqeda zamanzi zibe umusi kuphela.

Specific ukushisa umthamo we umhwamuko ezingeni lokushisa 100 ° C akuyona sehluke kakhulu kweqhwa at 0 ° C. Le uyaphinda uqinisekisa ngokunemba nale ncazelo. Umthamo ukushisa umusi njengoba ukushisa ice, ngaqonda kangcono kakhulu kunokuba amanzi, ngoba ososayensi abaye ungakabi kwavunyelwana.