Ukuqoqa lens

I-lens yimizimba ebonakalayo eboshwe yizindawo ezimbili eziyindilinga. Impahla eyinhloko yamalensi yikhono lokunikeza izithombe zezinto. Zingaba ngeso lengqondo futhi zivumelekile, ziguquguquke futhi ziqonde, zinciphise futhi zandiswe. Ukulinganisa okulinganayo kwesithombe kuyahlukahluka kuye ngokuthi indawo yezinto.

Ukwenyuka kwe-lens yisilinganiso sobukhulu bomlingana besithombe nesifundo. Isici sokukhulisa (K) singaboniswa ngefomula: K = u / v, lapho ude ibanga ukusuka lens kuya entweni, futhi v ibanga ukusuka lens kuya kwesithombe. Isici sokukhulisa sibonakaliso sokuthi ubuningi bezinhlamvu ezilinganiselwe zento bukhulu noma buncane kunezilinganiso zesithombe.

Esikhathini sesayensi kunezici ezinjalo njenge-lens yokuqoqa kanye ne-lens yokusakaza. Owokuqala ukhulu kakhulu phakathi, futhi emaphethelweni aphansi, okwesibili - yonke indlela. Ama-lens abhekene nobude obugxile (kusukela esikhungweni sokuvula kuya ekugxilweni: ku-lens yokuhlakaza akulungile, futhi ku-lens yokuqoqa - positive) namandla okukhanyisa, okulinganiselwa ku-diopters. Ubude obunzulu bomuntu oyedwa wokudobela ungamamitha ayi-1. Amandla okukhanya axhomeke emzimbeni wokuvuthwa kwezindawo eziyindilinga ze-lens, kanye nalokho okushiwo (inkomba ye-refraction yayo) esenziwe kuyo. Kuyinto ephindaphindiwe yesikhathi eside.

I-lens yokuqoqa inokungafani okulandelayo kusuka ku-lens yokusakaza:

1. Ubutha ukukhanya.

2. Amaphethelo aphansi kunaphakathi.

3. Kuyinto iqoqo lenani elikhulu lama-prismenti angunxantathu elanda phakathi kwe-lens (futhi hhayi emaphethelweni).

4. Ukugxila kwe-lens (okungukuthi, iphuzu lokuhlukanisa kwemisebe ngemva kokuqhaqhaza, okuyi-axis main optical) yingokoqobo (hhayi okucabangelayo), ngoba imisebe ngokwawo iyaphambana, hhayi ukuqhubeka kwayo.

5. Iyakwazi ukuqoqa imisebe ebusweni phezulu endaweni eyodwa, elitholakala ngaphesheya kwe-lens.

6. I-lens yokuqoqa ingaqondiswa entweni nganoma yiluphi uhlangothi, futhi izigxobo zizoqoqwa, ngoba le lensi inama-foci amabili. Esikhathini se-axis optical, phambili nangemuva kugxile kutholakala ezinhlangothini zombili zalobude obugxile emaphuzu amakhulu e-lens.

Izinto zokwakha amalensi

• I-quartz ingilazi. Kubonakala ngokushisa okuphezulu nokushisa kwemisebe ye- ultraviolet. Ibuye isetshenziswe ezinhlobonhlobo zama-chemical reagents;

• I-silicon. Lezi zinto zihlanganisa ukusabalalisa okukhulu ngenani eliphelele eliphelele le-index refractive kuhla lwama- infrared, opacity egcwele ebangeni elibonakalayo le-spectrum;

• Amakhemikhali e-Organic. Ngosizo lokukhipha, kungenzeka ukudala amalensi ashibrical ashibhile , asetshenziswe kaningi kakhulu maduzane. Amalensi okuthintana asheshayo asetshenziselwa ama-ophthalmology akhiwe ngezinto eziyimvelo e-biphasic. Ama-lisile-hydrolium lens ngenxa yokwehla okuphezulu kwe-oksijeni kanye nokuhlanganiswa kwezakhiwo ze-hydrophilic kungasetshenziswa njalo ngenyanga;

• Ezinye izinto.

Izinhlobo zamalensi

Ukuqoqa ama-lensi ahlukaniswe abe yizinhlobo ezintathu:

• I-Biconvex;

• I-plane-convex;

• I-Concave-convex.

Ukuhlakazeka kwamalensi nakho kwahlukaniswa ngezinhlobo ezintathu:

• I-Biconcave;

• I-Flat-concave;

• I-Convex-concave.

Ama-lens angaba lula, kodwa angahlanganiswa kusuka eziningana - ukwakha izinhlelo ezithile eziyinkimbinkimbi. Isistimu yama-lens esendaweni ethile, okuyizinkinobho ezihambisanayo, kuthiwa ihloselwe.

Isicelo samalensi

Ziyadingeka ekukhiqizeni amakholescopes, ama-microscopes, ama-binoculars, amakhamera, amaprosesa, izinto zokubuka , njll. Ama-lenses asetshenziselwa ngokugcwele ekutheni i-ophthalmology, njengoba kubalulekile kubantu abanokungaphumeleli okunjalo okubonakala njengokungathi kuseduze nokubukeka kahle. Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-lens eyodwa yokuqoqa isetshenziswa njengeglasi yokukhulisa.