Ukuhlangana kwamakhono. Izinhlobo, izindlela kanye nezici zokubala

Amadivaysi asekhaya nakwabasezimboni ahlukene kakhulu asetshenziselwa umsebenzi wabo ekusetshenzisweni kwamandla kagesi, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi abasebenzisa i-elekthronikhi noma ubuchwepheshe bombane, abakwazi ukukwenza ngaphandle kokusebenzisa ama-capacitors ezikhathini zabo ezihlelekile nezesimiso. I-capacitor iyi-system ye-pair (noma ngaphezulu) yama-electrode. Ngokuvamile banesimo samapuleti, okuyilolu lwazi okuthiwa "lining". Ezobuchwephesha, amapulethi ahlukaniswa yi-dielectric (into engahambisani nombane kagesi). Ubukhulu bayo abuyingcosana uma kuqhathaniswa nobukhulu bamacwecwe e-capacitor ngokwabo. Ukukhangiswa kwezakhiwo zalesi simiso kukwazi ukugcina icala lokugesi.

Umlando wabakhuthi waqala nomuzi waseLeiden. Ezingu-1745 ezikude, ekuhlolweni kwazo kwezemvelo, u-Ewald Juergen von Kleist waseJalimane noPeter van Muschenbrook base Holland bathola idivayisi yokuqala, ebizwa ngokuthi "ibhange leLeiden." Eqinisweni, kwakubonakala sengathi i-condenser yokuqala.

Yiqiniso, ibhange laseLeyden lalihluke kakhulu kuma-capacitors wamanje. Kwakuyi-container evalwe egcwele amanzi. Ngaphakathi nangaphandle kwakugcwele ucwecwe. Ngendwangu yembiza, induku yensimbi yadluliselwa ngaphakathi. Naphezu kokunganaki kwawo, ibhange laseLeyden lakwazi ukukhipha amacala amakhulu kunalokho. Ngokokuqala ngqa, ukuhlolwa kwamakhansela kwenza kube lula ukuthola inhlansi egcwele kagesi.

Izijikelezo ezivuthayo, izihlungi, ama-circuits afanayo ezinamadivaysi amathathu wesigaba kuphela uhlu olufushane lwesilinganiso sokusetshenziswa kwamakhono. Imbonini yanamuhla ye-electrotechnical iye yakwazi ukukhiqizwa kwezinhlobo eziningi zala madivayisi. Ejwayelekile kanye ne-electrolytic, eguquguqukayo futhi ehlala njalo emkhakheni ocebile kakhulu wamahlelo, bathola uhlelo lokusebenza ezinhlokweni ezahlukene zokuphila komuntu. Naphezu kwalokhu, kuvame ukuba nesidingo sokuhlanganisa, futhi kubaluleke kakhulu ukuthi ama-capacitors axhumeke kahle ebhethri. Ngenxa yalokhu, kungenzeka ukufezekisa ukuthola okunembile kakhulu izinkomba zamandla ezidingekayo.

Ukuze ucabange ngokuqondile ukuxhuma kwamakhono, kuyadingeka ukuthi ujwayele umqondo wamandla kagesi namayunithi wokulinganisa. Incwadi ye-physics yesikole samabanga aphansi inikeza incazelo yalesi silinganiso njengezinga lokubaluleka kokukhokhiswa okwenziwe kumapulethi abhekene namakhono. Amandla kagesi eHarad (F) kulinganiswa. Kuhlelo lwe-SI, lunesimo somzimba njenge-coulomb eyodwa kuya kwe-volt eyodwa.

Ukuxhuma kwamakhansela kungenziwa ngokufana noma ochungechungeni. Uma kwenzeka indlela yokuxhuma efanayo, ubungakanani bamandla kagesi bengeziwe. Ukuxhumeka kwe-serial kuhilela ukufaka izinamba ezingenayo kanye namakhono abo. Ukuhlanganiswa okuxubile kwamakhansela nakho kungenzeka. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, izinhlobo ezimbili zokuxhumana zikhona esifundeni kanyekanye.

Ukuxhumeka kwama-capacitors okuxubene kubalwa ngokwemikhakha elula kunazo zonke. Kuye ngokuhleleka kokufakwa kwamadivaysi esiteshini segesi, ukubalwa kwenziwa ngokuletha uhlelo olujwayelekile noma ifomu le-serial. Ukwenza lokhu, khetha izingxenye ezixhunyanisiwe ezixhumekile futhi uzilethe inani elifanayo. Khona-ke ukubaluleka komthamo kagesi kubalwa ngokwendlela yokuxhumeka kwe-serial scheme. Ungenza futhi izibalo ngokuhleleka okulandelanayo.

Ukubuthana kwama-capacitors kwisifunda kagesi kudinga ukutadisha imithetho ethile, ikakhulukazi uma ihloswe ukuba isetshenziswe kanye nama- inductors, ama- chokes, abaguquguquli. Uma nge-circuits e-electronic ukunganakekelwa kwale mithetho kungaholela ekusebenzeni kabi kwedivayisi, iphutha kagesi lingabangela ingozi enkulu.