Linguistic Cognitive

Ulimi luyisigceme somnyango wolwazi lwesizwe. Uyindlela yokudlulisa umcabango, owenziwe ngosizo lwesakhiwo esithile.

Izilimi zanamuhla yisayensi ebonisa ukuthi ulimi aluyona into ehlukile, kodwa njengomuntu ohlanganyela emsebenzini wokuzicabangela. Ukucwaninga kwesizathu, izinkulumo zengqondo kanye nezinqubo, ukucabanga kuhileleke ekucabangeni. Lesi siqondiso sihlola ulwazi nolwazi, umbono wezwe phakathi nokusebenza komuntu.

Izilimi zengqondo zisekelwe ezindleleni zokucabangela. Ulimi lufundwa ngokusebenzisa izindlela zokusiza. Ngalesi sizathu, izilimi eziningi kakhulu zihlukile. Phakathi kwezindlela zokutadisha ngaphakathi kwalesi siyalo, amathuluzi ambalwa wezibalo asetshenziswa.

Izilimi zokuziqonda zakhiwe ngenxa yokuxhumana kwemithombo eminingi.

Owokuqala yisiyalo esihlola ukusebenza nokuhlelwa kolwazi lomuntu. Le sayansi ibizwa ngokuthi i-cognitology (noma i-cognitology). Kwakuwumphumela wokuthuthukiswa kwemiboni yobunjiniyela njengengqondo yokusebenza.

Umthombo wesibili kwakuyi-psychology engqondweni. Kumele kuqashelwe ukuthi umqondo onjengokuthi "ukucwaninga kwengqondo ngezilimi" kubonakala ngekhulu le-19 emsebenzini weWundt, Steintal nabanye. Izilimi zokuzicabangela zithatha kusukela ku-psychology yezinhlobonhlobo zomqondo nezengqondo.

Ulimi yilona isixhumanisi esibaluleke kunazo zonke ohlelweni lokuqoqwa nokulondolozwa kwesipiliyoni esihlanganiselwe ngobuhlobo bomuntu nezwe. Mayelana nalokhu, ukusebenza kwalo kusekelwe ngokuyinhloko ezindleleni zengqondo. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, konke okuhlangenwe nakho kusekelwe kwimemori nokubona. Ngakho-ke, ukutadisha ulimi akunakwenzeka ngaphandle kokucabangela izici ezihlukile zenkambiso yokuqonda, isifundo esenziwa ngaphakathi kohlaka lwe-psychology.

Kumele kuqashelwe ukuthi ubuhlobo phakathi kwezilimi nezengqondo behlangana nezithiyo ezithile. Lokhu kubangelwa ukuhlukana okuphawulekayo endleleni yokuqondiswa kwezidingo zomuntu (psychology and linguistics).

Kuyaziwa ukuthi izilimi ngezikhathi zonke zokuthuthukiswa kwazo zacutshungulwa ngenxa yokucindezeleka kwengqondo izikhathi ezintathu. Ngakho-ke, ngasekupheleni kwekhulu le-19 kwavela i-grammatism encane. Maphakathi nekhulu lama-20, kwakhiwa ama-psycholinguistics, futhi ekupheleni kwezinguquko zezingcingo zangekhulu lama-20 zavela. Kufanele kuqaphele ukuthi zonke lezi ziyalo zinemfanelo yazo.

Izinkinga ezengeziwe ekusebenzisaneni kwezilimi nezengqondo zakhuphuka ngokuqondene nombono ocacile wokuthi noma yikuphi ukucwaninga okubhekisela kwizigaba zengqondo kubalulekile kuphela emkhakheni wezokwelapha. Ngamanye amazwi, ukuxhumana nezinye iziyalo akudingeki. Kule ndaba, izilimi zokuzicabangela zihlotshaniswa kakhulu nabalingisi abangenalo kwengqondo (noma ingqondo) esikhathini esedlule (ngaphandle kweSlobin neRoche). Kodwa imibono eminingi (ngokwesibonelo, kusukela ku-Gestalt psychology) yaba nethonya elikhulu ekuthuthukiseni izilimi zokuqonda.

Izilimi zokuziqonda zakhiwe ngaphansi kwethonya lama-semantics. Abanye abacwaningi bacabanga ukuthi izilimi zengqondo ziyi "semantics ejulile" futhi njengentuthuko yemvelo yemiqondo ye-semantic. Nokho, lokhu akwanele. Okokuqala, lokhu kubangelwa ukuthi imibono eminingi ekwazi ukuthola izilimi ezingacacile ingasetshenziswa nje kuphela kuma-semantics, kodwa nakweminye imilayezo yezilimi. Isibonelo, incazelo "yomfanekiso" ingasetshenziswa ngesi-dialectology, ku-morphology, naku-phonology.