LED - Iyini? Umgomo we operation ye LED

Yonke indawo kukhona indawo izibani ezivamile LED. Kuze kube manje, lokhu kuyindlela engcono kokukhanyisa izimoto nemizi, okuhlala isikhathi eside futhi kulula esikhundleni. Ngakho, liyini isimiso LED nokuthi ukukhetha ilungelo?

Ukuthuthukiswa Komnotho Wasemakhaya kanye okusebenza ngayo

LED - izinto ezisebenzisa ekhethekile oguqula wamanje ku ukukhazimula. Kuze kube yimanje, LED kukhona eyaziwa ngokuthi LED, okusho "ukukhanya diode likhipha".

Idivayisi sakhiwa Semiconductor crystal chip, housings, ezikhumulweni, futhi idivayisi optical. Khanyisa avela crystal, futhi umbala waso zingahluka futhi kuncike ezisetshenziswa. Ukukhanya LED njengoba umbala walo, ingase futhi ibe khona ehlukile. Ngakho, ngokwesibonelo, ngaphezulu umphumela ukukhanya isibani eyodwa kaningi ufake zinhlayiya ambalwa esithela ukukhanya monochromatic, lihambisana esiyingxenye ukukhazimula elikhanyayo.

Ukukhanya idivayisi kuncike awanikezwa i kagesi. Ngakwelinye ihlangothi, ukugeleza enamandla kakhulu ugesi kubangela okweqile okusheshayo crystal, futhi usisusa ohlelweni. Ngenxa yalokhu LED ukuklama eqolo izindleko zokwakha, okuyinto kancane ukonakaliswa ukukhethwa izibani ezinjalo.

Ukugqama LED kungenziwa ihlukaniswe izigaba:

• ultra amandla abo okungenani - 1 W;
• High ukukhanya LED - ifinyelela 20 MW;
• Isibani ejwayelekile.

Namuhla kabanzi LED iyunithi, okuyinto okuhlanganiswe ngayo isibani. Siyabonga kuye, ungakwazi Ukuhlela ukugqama bese ukhetha elilungile kukhanya imodi.

Buhle LED phezu nezinye izinhlobo ukukhanyisa

LED - okungcono kuze kube manje, ukhethe uhlobo ukukhanyisa, okuyinto has eziningi eziwusizo:

• Ukuvikeleka.
• Amandla ulungise umbala nokukhanya kwesibani.
• Umbala ukugcwaliswa, ikhono lokukhetha obomvu, oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, LED oluhlaza noma kubangele umbala ukushintsha.
• Kungenzeka control electronic.
• izinto zokwakha eziphilayo lapho zingenalo izinto ezisindayo monakalo emvelweni futhi onobungozi lapho engafanele ngokufanele.
• Okuphansi amandla ukusetshenziswa 1 watt ekhiqizwa izikhathi eziningana ukukhanya okuningi.
• Khanyisa ahlanzekile kanye eseduze kakhulu zemvelo.
• Musa overheat ngenxa svetootvodu abanekhono.
• Ukuthembeka nokuqina kwayo.

Kungani LED zithandwa embonini yezimoto? Lolu hlobo ukukhanyisa ilungele izimoto, kancane kancane displacing izibani Halogen futhi Xenon. izimfanelo zayo ezinhle:

• ngokuthumela ukukhanya isigwedlo - ukudalwa izibani oluhambelana;
• aesthetically kubukeka kangcono kunezinye izinhlobo izibani;
• ukuphepha lenyuke ngokusebenzisa ukubonakala ngcono endleleni;
• ukumelana vibration;
• LED zivame efakwe emzimbeni, okungadingi zingene umswakama;
• isimo yokusebenza Kuyashesha, ngakho izibani ukubopha ocushiwe kangcono.

Yiqiniso, lezi zinzuzo esivela ngempela kuphela imikhiqizo ephezulu, ngakho ukuwalondoloza akufanele, ikakhulukazi njengoba isikhathi sabo sokuzijabulisa msebenzi kukhuphuke kakhulu ngokuqhathaniswa imikhiqizo Chinese. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngesikhathi ukusebenza izibani LED, uma iqhathaniswa ezivamile, futhi okuningi.

Ukwahlukaniswa LED

Hlukanisa 2 izinhlobo eziyisisekelo LED - ukukhanyisa (ekhombisa), futhi izibani. Amandla abo futhi ihlala isikhathi eside incike ukugeleza kagesi, kuba isikhathi esifitjhani, kusukela crystal uzokhathala ngokushesha ngenxa lolu hlobo LED yesibili. Nokho, lezi amadivaysi ukukhanyisa okuhlala kakhulu futhi ahlinzeke amahora ayizinkulungwane ezimbalwa.

LED ukukhanyisa - kuba idivaysi enikeza ukukhanya okunokwethenjelwa futhi enamandla. It is kabanzi ekuklanyweni, ukudala oyifunayo ukukhanya ezingeni.

Ngu uhlobo izindlu samukelwa ukwaba LED ku "Izinkanyezi" ifomu, "Piranha" futhi SMD. Phakathi kwabo ethandwa kakhulu kukhona "Piranha", njengoba ukukhanya kwabo wokukhipha qualitative xaxa. design yabo sici ukuma isikwele nge iphini emaphethelweni, anikezwa nge elibambe ngesandla esiqinile. Ngaphezu kwalokho, substrate idivayisi has teplootvodnyh kakhulu. Lezi amadivayisi kabanzi izimoto ezikhangisweni. Bona ayahluka ngobukhulu nombala: obomvu, omhlophe, oluhlaza, LED okwesibhakabhaka.

Inkomba LED akheke okulula nasemazulwini, ukukhanya kwawo akuyona eqinile ngakho, futhi isetshenziselwa kukhanyisa ekhombisa ithuluzi panel. Ukuma angawodwa round, okusaqanda kanye unxande LED izinkomba.

I lens nazo lihlukile nomunye, bangase zifakwe izibani kukhanyisa inkomba. Ezinye zenzelwe kusakazeka ukukhanya (amadivayisi iningi), abanye - ukugxila, sibonga isiqondiso ugongolo ezivezwa ukukhanya. Futhi iqembu lens yesibili ahlukaniswe ezimise Isigaxa-flat and nxazonke.

Umbala lens LED yilezi:

• kungekho nto enemibala emihle esobala;
• ezinemibala esobala;
• Ngesineke matt.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, ekhishwa umbala ukusebenza kudivayisi wehlukile kakhulu. Kukhona ophuzi, obomvu, oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, LED oluhlaza, nokunye. D. Lezi imibala ngobuciko kuhlanganiswe ukudala i ezahlukene nakakhulu. Okunzima kakhulu, Isimanga siwukuthi, ukuthola umbala qwa.

White LED etholwe ngezindlela ezintathu:

• Ukusetshenziswa ngesikhathi esisodwa olinganise efanele umbala obomvu, oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka kunikeza umuzwa ezimhlophe;
• zisebenzisa diode blue okuphothula ezimpofu;
• indlela yesithathu kudinga ukusetshenziswa komsebenzi Fluorescent oguqula ultraviolet, ukulalela isimiso kwesibani Fluorescent.

White LED iyona obanzi kunayo, noma ngandlela-thile kunzima ukuthola. Akanamizwa futhi efudumele. On isibani ngokuvamile lokhu ipharamitha olushiwo UKelvin, ezincane zenani, umbala ziphuzi futhi efudumele. Abakhiqizi batusa ukuthi ukhetha ipharamitha okulinganiselwa ku, nakuba yamakhaza, ukukhanya bluish Ungakwazi futhi ngokushesha ukujwayela.

Ukukhetha ekhaya isibani

Ukukhetha ekhaya isibani siqukethe izinyathelo eziningana, lapho udinga ukucacisa uhlobo inethiwekhi ububanzi we cap futhi ukubukeka idivayisi ukukhanyisa.

LED 220 Kukhululwa lwezinhlobo ezivame kakhulu izisekelo - E27 futhi E14. Izinombolo ukhombise ubukhulu ngentambo ngamamilimitha. Uhlobo lokuqala sezibani Avame ukutholakala ngesimo ibhola, kwesibili - ibhola noma ummbila.

Yini-ke zisiza main? Okokuqala, yikhono ukukhiya futhi kulungiselelwa ukugqama ngokuzimela. Okwesibili, akukho kwembala ukukhanyisa nokuphathwa akude. Okwesithathu, wahlala isikhathi eside wokusebenza nokwethembeka anda.

Ukuthatha ifomu, udinga ukuba banake yokuthi corn isibani Nokho futhi babe nezici ngokwanele ezinhle kangakanani, aziyi akuphephile. oxhumana yabo iya ngaphandle, nabakhiqizi senqabe muva lapho kukhululwa leli fomu amadivayisi.

Ukuze ngen izakhiwo okungezona zokuhlala noma izindlu zokugezela esetshenziswa izibani kangako, ngakho uma asikho isidingo ukusebenzisa 220 LED, ungenza amadivaysi kancane flat base G53 kanye GX53. Kulomjikelezo isibani, lapho diodes ezisetshenziselwa.

Umbala Kunconywa ukukhetha abavamile ezimhlophe, ngakho akuyona into umbala efudumele kakhulu futhi hhayi buyabanda, isici elikhulu okuyinto 4200 K.

Nakani lapho uthenga isibani kuwufanele kanye izici ezilandelayo:

• inani diodes - bangaki LED ku isibani incike ukukhanya kwayo, ikakhulukazi ngesikhathi isikhathi eside ukusetshenziswa, lapho ziqala ukufiphala kanye zishe;
• yokusebenza lokushisa Imodi - khumbula ukuthi lapho ukhetha isibane emgwaqweni kufanele kube ngempumelelo futhi kuvimbele okokuqandisa, ngokuvamile elicacisiwe ishidi idatha yedivayisi;
• kungenzeka pulsations - eshaywa kwenzeka izibani ezishibhile, ngokuvamile uma uthenga ezibizayo kuyehla kube kuncane;
• izimo zokusebenza ngezinye izikhathi zidinga anda kudivayisi Ukuvikelwa, isibonelo, ukumelana umswakama, kubalulekile mayelana naloku kukhetha, cela umdayisi;
• kukhethwa nomkhiqizi kudingeka ukuba banake ububanzi we cap, njengoba akuzona zonke abathengisi kuthiwa ukukhulula amazwe LED 220;
• oyifunayo okukhipha ukukhanya njengoba kulinganiswe e lumens, - ukukhanyisa noma inkomba izibani.

Khetha nomkhiqizi

Emakethe kukhona abakhiqizi abaningi ukuthi ukubonisa amazinga ehlukene izinga. Ngakho, umgomo wabo intengo abahlinzeki futhi ngokuphongoza.

Ububi eyinhloko LED kuyinto izindleko zabo. Ngakho-ke, uma kufanele ukhokhe imali enengi umkhiqizo, kubalulekile ukuba kube izinga okusezingeni eliphezulu ngempela. Ngakho-ke kuwufanele indlela obhekene kukhethwa nomkhiqizi futhi umphakeli.

Abakhiqizi zingahlukaniswa ngamaqembu 5.

1. IsiShayina ezishibhile akekho brand owaziwa.
2. Owaziwa abakhiqizi Chinese nase-Asia. Ethandwa kakhulu kukhona Selecta, Camelion, LG. Basebenzisa imishini yesimanje, futhi izinga okukhipha kusukela lezi zinkampani siphakeme ngokwanele, ngakho ingxenye enkulu ngokwanele we emakethe yasekhaya elalihlala nezimpahla ezivela e-Asia. Endaweni ehlukile, kuyafaneleka LG LED ukuthi ngo-2016 kakhulu ziyancipha intengo umkhiqizo wawo ngokusebenzisa ubuchwepheshe obusha ekukhiqizeni. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izinga ayiguquki. Kulesi akungatshazwa. Le nkampani ngokukhethekile izibani aphakathi-amandla okuhle ngokwanele izibonakalisa kontanga.
3. abakhiqizi Domestic abenza umkhiqizo eliphezulu, kodwa ubuchwepheshe ngempela eqolo, ngakho intengo isibani abafanele. Ngeshwa, eRussia kamuva sathola mayelana amathuba ebanzi Abenzi LED lasezindlini abangazange okwamanje kangaka. Lokhu, isibonelo, "Optoman" futhi Gauss. Lezi zinkampani kufanele ububanzi abo imikhiqizo futhi ayatholakala ezweni lonke.
4. abakhiqizi European ivezwa amafemu ikakhulu German Philips, Osram, Bioledex, abanale olutheni ekukhiqizeni izibani. Mhlawumbe, Philips uhlala ehamba phambili kulesi sigaba emakethe, nakuba kubiza kuqhathaniswa eqolo.
5. amaphrojekthi Sino-Russian ezifana Ecola, Newera - futhi okuhle izinga nentengo brand, okuyizinto omncane kakhulu kunawe amafemu ukuncintisana.

Ngakho-ke, ngezinye izikhathi kwakuba nzima ngokwanele kwezinhlansi eziningi kangaka abakhiqizi ukukhetha brand ehloniphekile, ngakho kubaluleke kakhulu ukuba banake ngokuyinhloko izimfanelo umkhiqizo kanye imvelo ukusebenza.

algorithm lesilinganisiwe yezenzo ngesikhathi ukufakwa kwe-LED

Uma kukhona ngisho nolwazi kancane Electrics nakho kokufaka yimuphi izibani, LED kungaba ukuzama futhi nami ngigxile. Okokuqala udinga ukuqinisekisa ukuthi izibani abasebenza. Kulandzelana kwalokucuketfwe lokuhleliwe izenzo kufanele kube ngale ndlela:

• Ukutadisha izici lobuchwepheshe kanye ukubala volts eziningi kanjani kudla elilodwa LED;
• umdwebo isikimu uxhumano ucabangela voltage;
• ekubaleni amandla ukusetshenziswa wesifunda kagesi;
• Okulandelayo udinga ukukhetha kwamandla elafika amandla, kungase futhi kube umshayeli;
• ezinemilenze LED wabonisa polarity, okuyilona elidingekayo ukuze solder izintambo;
• ukuxhuma kwamandla;
• ukufakwa diodes kanye nokuhlanganiswa kwabo;
• Uma konke ukuze, kubalulekile ukukala izici ezifana ubungako bamandla kudliwe, ukushisa, zamanje kagesi;
• ukulungiswa kagesi;
• kulungele kuze kuphele isigamu sehora - ukuthi akwenzekanga lutho ngesikhathi ukufakwa sokuqala futhi ukuze kuvinjelwe okweqile we LED Kungcono ukuthenga ku substrate ngesimo izinkanyezi.

Phakathi ukusebenza, ikakhulukazi uma kungcono imikhiqizo eChina, kwesinye isikhathi kuqakathekile ukuba esikhundleni LED. I ukufinyelela Ochwepheshe, esikhundleni engenziwa ngokuzimela ebukhoneni amathuluzi adingekayo. Isibani Untwisted usebenzisa digital multimeter prozvanivat diodes. Nazo ngokufanayo, ekhanya, futhi abanye babo bangase engasebenzi. Okungenasidingo diodes desoldering futhi washintsha nabantu abaqalayo ukusizwa. Yiqiniso, lokhu kwenzeka lapho LED esikhundleni iyatholakala, ungathatha isibani elidala salokhu.

Kuze kube manje, i-kwalokho ethandwa iyona "Arduino". LED ngokuxhuma ku-ke, ungenza i-flash. IBhodi "Arduino" has amathuba amaningi, O okokufaka, futhi kungenziwa exhunywe cishe kunoma iyiphi idivayisi. Lolu hlelo chweba amasignali kusuka kumadivayisi ezahlukene, okuyinto amabutho senze ngokuvumelana nayo. Kuyinto imvelo kulula futhi ezanele izinhlelo, okuyinto Kulula ukusingatha ngisho umsebenzisi isilinganiso.

Awanakuyikhetha imoto LED

Abashayeli ngokwethukela yokuhamba ukuba uhlobo olusha ukukhanyisa emotweni yakhe. Lesi yisisombululo omuhle ngempela hhayi kuphela ngokuya ukusebenza, kodwa futhi ngokuphathelene ukubukeka emotweni. Auto kakhulu siguqulwe, ukudweba nhla abashayeli odlulayo. LED-uhlobo ukukhanyisa Ungashintshanisa ngokuphepha zonke izibani ezisetshenziswa emotweni.

Kanjani ukukhetha ubukhulu nokukhanya ngoba ingaphambili ukubopha izibani?

Iningi umkhakha auto isebenzisa isibani ngaphandle cap, efakwe emnyango phakathi izibani. Inzuzo LED umelane zabo kunoma lokushisa, ngoba etholakala eduze izibani main ukukhanyisa kungase overheat crystal futhi ukuhluleka kwawo ngaphambi kwesikhathi. Ngenxa yalokhu, i-choice ukukhanyisa kuyadingeka ukuze banake Ukuvikelwa ezingeziwe LED - khona isimame kagesi.

Lapho ama ukhetha kudingeka sinake uchungechunge zabo, isibonelo, SF chungechunge, nakuba kungekho isimame, kuyinto ehluke efanelekayo imoto ngoba inombolo enkulu diodes futhi usebenza ezahlukahlukene, ukhanyisa kahle isikhala.

Iphinde kufanele sinake ubukhulu kwesibani, njengoba kuboniswa isibonelo SF - ngempela idivayisi enkulu. Udinga ucabanga okuhle phezu ngaphambi kokuthenga Ukusabalala.

Libuye libe uchungechunge ethandwa ngoba usayizi - SMD, okuyinto has ukusebenza kakhulu, kodwa futhi sidinga imali.

izibani engemuva Car

I stoplights ezingemuva kuthathwe ukuhlomisa ezimbili contact phansi LED. Uchungechunge ethandwa kakhulu: MSD, futhi 14NR 3h1W. Sinenkosi izindlela eziningana ezahlukene, linani lelehlukile diodes. Kodwa bonke babe ukusebenza kuqhathaniswa eliphezulu. Lezi LED igqamile futhi ahlinzeke ukukhanya okukhulu futhi ukuphila isikhathi eside.

I okungabizi kakhulu - SF uchungechunge izibani.

LED ngoba ingaphakathi

Ngaphambi kokukhetha izibani zangaphakathi kumele ukunquma uhlobo kukhanyisa ukubaluleka ophahleni.

The elingaphakathi kufanele bakhethwe festoon isibani uhlobo - kungcono kudivayisi oblong, ubukhulu 31-41 mm. Hlukanisa 3 izinhlobo LED ngoba ingaphakathi.

1. Ophahleni asethwe isixhumi esikhundleni esidala amalambu evamile. On usayizi LED abanjalo bangabaphostoli kucishe izibani amadivayisi ezivamile, asetshenziswa lapho akunakwenzeka ngoba yenani elincane ophahleni ukusebenzisa elinye isibani.
2. LED kukhona kunangendlela indinganiso ukukhanya isibani. Ngaphambi kokufaka kunesidingo sokuqinisekisa ukuthi kule divayisi kufanelekile ikhava. Ngenxa yobukhulu emikhulu uyanda futhi isibalo diodes e kwesibani. Ngakho, ukukhanya kuba licace kakhulu kunokujwayelekile.
3. Matrix kunesithembiso inombolo enkulu diodes. Uma isitsha libanzi futhi angazamukela matrix elingunxande, lolu hlobo ukukhanyisa kuyoba acacile kakhulu futhi elihlale.

The elingaphakathi ukukhanyisa isibani uhlobo esetshenziswa SF noma SMD.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, izimoto kabanzi izibani esikhundleni inkungu isibani LED. Ngokukhethekile kufanele ikhokhwe abashayeli abafuna ivelele phakathi kwabanye on the kwasemuva LED iribhoni futhi "Angel Eyes."

Efingqa

LED - lena okunye okukhulu ama ezindala, esiza ukuxazulula inkinga enganele ukukhanyisa izindawo. Ngisho ngemali ephakeme kunaleyo ingilazi ejwayelekile, kungcono utshalomali enkulu, ngoba LED uyakwazi ukukhonza ngaphezu konyaka owodwa futhi unike indlu elikhanyayo ukukhanya imoto.