Into Yezenhlalo

I-sociology yisayensi yomphakathi. Emkhakheni wokutadisha isiyalo yizikhungo ezihlukene (ukuziphatha, umthetho, umbuso, njll), izinqubo, kanye nomphakathi wabantu. Lo mqondo waqalwa kwisayensi maphakathi nekhulu le-19 ngumsunguli we-positivism, u-Auguste Comte (ososayensi waseFrance).

Into, isihloko kanye nemisebenzi yezenhlalo

Umqondo wokuqala ubonisa ukuthi ucwaningo luqondiswe kuphi. Inhloso yezenhlalo, njengalezo ezinye zezesayensi yezenhlalakahle, yinto engokoqobo yomphakathi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kuvame ukuhambisana nensimu yocwaningo nezinye iziyalo (umthetho, ethnography, umlando, ifilosofi nabanye).

Into nenhloko yezombusazwe yezombusazwe yimiqondo ehlukile. Lowo oqamba okokuqala ngeke akwanele ukunquma okwesibili. Isihloko sosayensi yikho konke ukuxhumana, ubudlelwane obangela into yokuphenya. Isiyalo, ngokujwayelekile, sifunda ubuqotho bomphakathi njengento eyodwa, ubuhlobo kulo.

Into yenhlalakahle yinkimbinkimbi ethile. Unesiqiniseko esiphelele nesiphelele.

Into yenhlalakahle yinkampani ikakhulukazi. Ucwaningo luhlose ukukhomba ukuphikisana, izinkinga ezihambisana nokuhlaziywa kwesayensi. Ngokuhambisana nalokhu, into yezenhlalakahle ingaba yimuphi uhlangothi lweqiniso lomphakathi. Kodwa lokhu kuzokwenzeka kuphela emva kokufaka phakathi kwenqubo yokuqaphela, ukuqondwa nokugqokonyiswa.

Inhloso yolwazi lwezenhlalakahle inikezwe ngezici ezihlukahlukene nezokufaneleka. Ingafundwa yiziyalo ezihlukahlukene zomphakathi. Ngakho-ke, isibonelo, isimo esijwayelekile sihlolwe yifilosofi, umnotho wezepolitiki, ingqondo, umlando, isayensi yezombangazwe. Kulesi simo, isazi sezenhlalakahle sichaza ngokuqondile into enjalo kanye nezici ezidingekayo ekutadisheni izimo zomphakathi, ucwaningo, ukwakheka, ukusebenza kanye nokuthuthukiswa kwezakhiwo zomphakathi. Uhlelo lungabonakala ngezigaba ezahlukene zokungokoqobo. Kulesi sixhumanisi, esimweni sokuthuthukisa umbuzo owodwa noma inkinga, kungenzeka ukuthi usebenzise izinto ezahlukene zenhlalo.

Ukutadisha izakhiwo ezibalulekile nobuhlobo kuphathwa ngenye ingxenye yesiyalo. Ngakho-ke le nto inikeza into futhi ifakwe yizinto zayo (into), kanye nhlobo lwezinkinga umcwaningi abhekene nazo. Okubaluleke kakhulu kule nkinga izinga lezesayensi nezindlela zokuqashelwa umcwaningi.

Kumele kuqashelwe ukuthi into eyodwa yezenhlalakahle ihlolwe ngezinye izikhathi ukuxazulula izinkinga ezihlukene, indaba yocwaningo lapha ichaza imingcele. Ngaphakathi kwemingcele yabo, futhi bafunda. Ngokwesiko, ukuchaza insimu yolwazi, ukukhomba okuyinhloko, lezo noma ezinye izenzakalo zomphakathi. Njengomthetho, zibandakanya ubudlelwane bomphakathi, ukuxhumana kwabantu, izinqubo, imiphakathi nokunye.

Ngokulandelana, umphakathi uhlanganisa imiphakathi ehlukahlukene. Lokhu kuyisici se-immanent (esizwe) sokuhlanganiswa kwabantu. Lesi sici sihlotshaniswa nenani elikhulu lezinto ezijwayelekile, eziqondile. Phakathi kwemiphakathi, ngaphakathi kwabo, phakathi komuntu nomphakathi, kukhona ubudlelwane obuhlukile. Kulesi simo, zonke izihlobo ezihlobene nomcimbi othile wezenhlalakahle zihambisana nesenzo semikhuba namaphethini athile. Ziyingxenye eyinhloko yokucwaninga kwesayensi yezenhlalo .

Izindawo zocwaningo ezahlukene zichazwa ngezindlela ezahlukene. Okuyinhloko, lokhu kungenxa yokuthi ukunakwa kugxile ezintweni ezingalingani zokuphila komuntu nomphakathi: izimo zengqondo, ukuziphatha kanye nemisebenzi. Imiphakathi ihlanganisa izinkomba ezihlukahlukene. Zinqunywe ngezindlela ezahlukene zokufunda impilo yomphakathi yomphakathi wonke.