Bernard Madoff: isithombe kanye Biography of the umkhwabanisi enkulu

Novemba 14, 2139 ngeke zifinyelele ekupheleni isigwebo kasomabhizinisi waseMelika odumile enecala lokukhwabanisa. Esikhathini esidlule yamuva kwakubhekwa omunye osomabhizinisi yimpumelelo kakhulu, hhayi kuphela e-US, kodwa futhi emhlabeni wonke, Wayeba usihlalo weBhodi Labaqondisi NASDAQ (Stock Exchange).

Mayelana naye kumele abe wezwa wonke umuntu ngandlela-thile nentshisekelo ezomnotho kanye ezezimali. Bernard Madoff? Yebo, nguye. Rascal obungaka emhlabeni akakaze ambone. Yilokhu kuyadingeka ukuze ubuchopho beveza umkhonyovu elikhulu kangaka?! Ukuze uthole ukwaziswa okwengeziwe mayelana nokuthi lithini ngempela mbhoshongo zezimali Bernard Madoff, ngubani bagxeka ke, kanye nezinye izihloko eziningi kulesi sihloko.

History of the icala

Ngasekuqaleni kwehlobo lika-konyaka ka 2009, "usomabhizinisi" American, noma kunalokho, brilliant con indoda ababekholwa abantu abangaphezu kuka-3 million emhlabeni wonke, ugwetshwe iminyaka engu-150 ebhadla ejele ngamacala okushushumbisa kokuba wadala ngobukhulu emlandweni hhayi kuphela mbhoshongo wezimali Melika - bubble, eyagcina liqhume. Umonakalo abantu bakholwa nguye nibaluleke ukudlula bhiliyoni 64 aseMelika. Ngesikhathi kokugwetshwa Bernard Madoff isivele iminyaka engu-71 ubudala. Yiqiniso, kuyaxaka bazogwetshwa iminyaka 150 ejele, indoda yokukhula, kodwa lena ubulungiswa American. By endleleni, kukhona ulwazi ukanye umdlavuza. Ngokwemvelo, uma isimangaliso kungenzeki, usomabhizinisi waseLenasia ungaboni inkululeko. Nokho, wenza ungalilahli ithemba. Ngisho ngesikhathi ngiboshiwe ngisetilongweni, wakwazi crank elinye umkhonyovu, nakuba hhayi izinga "brilliant" Pyramid bakhe: wathenga yonke ukhokho, okuyinto okuthengiswa lendawo coffee shop, wasithengisela ephakeme kakhulu intengo. Lokhu kakhulu khona, futhi ibhizinisi - isici esiyinhloko ubuntu bakhe.

biography

Wazalwa ngo-1938 emndenini kwabokufika abangamaJuda abafike eMelika. uyise Bernie sika (Wayaziwa ngokuthi kusukela ebuntwaneni) URalph Madoff kwaba plumber, kodwa kwadingeka kushisekela kwakho imali wathola kwelinye Ukuhwebelana isitokwe. Nokho umama usomabhizinisi esizayo wahlanganyela into ekhethekile, wagijima abendlu yakhe futhi wavusa izingane, njengoba abesifazane abaningi abangamaJuda ophilayo kuyi-Nguqulo Yezwe. Ngo nje kwezinyanga ezimbalwa ngaphambi kokuzalwa uyise wendodana yakhe phathelana nakakhulu bazibandakanya emsebenzini owodwa owenziwe kwezezimali. Wayefuna ngalolo noma yini ukuze enhluphekweni. Ngawo lowo nyaka ezweni waqala esigabeni acute Okukhulu Kwezomnotho, futhi wasala ngaphandle umsebenzi. Ngakho ukuthi "umdlalo" ku-exchange stock babe iholo lakhe kuphela, kodwa akukho sina efika, abazange ukuletha. Kodwa uRalph wasukuma ithemba, futhi waqala ibhizinisi ukuthengisa sports ezimpahleni zayo siqu. Nokho, leli cala lalingaphathelene yimpumelelo: ngesikhathi lapho indodana yakhe baya esikoleni, inkampani waya ukuphelelwa yimali. Ngokungafani Madoff, Sr., esikhathini esizayo, Jr. baba ophumelelayo, kodwa okwengeziwe ukuthi kamuva.

ebuntwaneni

Ngo isikole esincane, Bernie akuyona ikakhulukazi ivelele phakathi kwabanye abafundi. nomkhaya wakhe babehlala izimo inyinyekile, kodwa kuyathakazelisa kangako izinkinga zezimali yabazali. Ngesikhathi ngiba ibhungu, ekubeni i umbhukudi kakhulu, ilungu leqembu yesikole ezemidlalo, wanquma ukuba uthole wababhukudi ogwini ukuba nemali yabo. Wafike wanikeza Umqeqeshi wakhe ukubhukuda. Ngisho nangaleso sikhathi, Bernard Madoff, ogama umkhonyovu elilandelayo kwashaqisa umhlaba, akakuthandanga ukusaphaza imali hoarding kubo mali esikhathini esizayo.

zokuba umuntu omdala

Ngemva kokuqeda isikole, wabhalisa nasekolishi ngabe sengiqala ukufunda Political Science. Nakuba usengumfundi ehlangana Bernie intombazane enhle angamaJuda evela emkhayeni sasivumela abacebile, uRuthe Alpern. Bona sathembisana umshado ngo-1959, khona-ke washada waba ukuba bahlale ndawonye, kuze 2009 (i-50 iminyaka!), Lapho umkhwabanisi omkhulu waboshwa. Ngawo lowo nyaka wathola iziqu ze-bachelor, waqhubeka nezifundo zakhe e-eBrooklyn School wokuqulwa kwamacala ezinkantolo. Kodwa lapha ayizange ihlale isikhathi eside. Ngemva konyaka owanquma ukuhoxisa isigaba futhi ake ukuntanta ngokukhululekile.

Ibhizinisi lokuqala

Phakathi nomsebenzi wababhukudi, uye wakwazi buthelela 5000 zamadola. Nokho, kwakungenele zokuqala amabhizinisi abo. Wathatha $ 50,000 izihlobo zomkakhe waqala inkampani yakhe yokuqala utshalomali, ukusibiza le Bernard L. Madoff ( "Bernard Medoff L"). Sakhe umukhwe Sol Alpern, owawungumnyaka ngumeluleki wezezimali, hhayi kuphela asekelwe indodana-in izindlela, kodwa futhi kwaholela amakhasimende yakhe yokuqala. Enxusa abangane bakhe bangaphambili nabangane ithalente-umthetho ezindabeni ukutshalwa kwezimali, yena kakhulu wamsiza. Eyishaya indiva exchange isitokwe futhi izimali "AmaSpredishithi Pink" kuyo. It elakhiwe izimali, kodwa Madoff ayikwazanga ukuncintisana.

Izinto zesimanje indlela ekwenzeni ibhizinisi

Noma kunjalo, Bernie wathola indlela kwathi ngawo-1980 Investment Securities LLC isibe omunye kakhulu (uma kungenjalo) umthengisi ngobukhulu e-New York. 5% azo zonke okwenziwe ku exchange isitokwe e-New York, kwathiwa eyenziwa yinkampani. Lokhu gxuma Lwenziwe by computerization. Bernard Madoff inkampani wayephakathi kwabokuqala ukusebenzisa ukuhweba format electronic. Phakathi naleso sikhathi, ziqhathaniswa nezimbangi zazo babesayenza ithunyelwa exchange isitokwe abasebenzi bayo. Ngemva ubuchwepheshe bamuva zidlulile lonke uvivinyo, ziye zaba isisekelo sokuthethelelwa NASDAQ Isikhwama - mbhoshongo Bernard Madoff.

Qala umkhonyovu

Ngifike ngesikhathi esithile, lapho abantu BEKA izimali ogqamile Spy isamba esingu- $ 50 bhiliyoni. Wabe nginquma ukushintsha ukukhwabanisa ezinkulu emlandweni wezwe. By the way, kamuva wavuma ukuthi akazi azibheke icala ngoba wayethethelela akavumanga futhi ukukhohliswa. Abantu ngokwabo "siphonswa izigidigidi" e ubuso bakhe ngethemba okwandisa imali yabo. Phela, bonke bangena crazy asizalwanga namuhla, kwakudingeka baqonde ukuthi kukhona okungahambi kahle. Kodwa wonke umuntu ngandlela-thile ukukhohliswa ithandiwe futhi akazange lokumba essence. Bonke babecabanga ukuthi Madoff onolwazi olukhethekile abanye, sibonga athola ukwenza izinzuzo ezinjalo ezinkulu. Ngezinye izikhathi singase senze uhlangabezana amaklayenti ngubani nokho uqala ukusola ukuthi kukhona okungahambi kahle, bese Bernard Madoff - a kwengobe kanye conman uhlakaniphile, ngaphandle kokungabaza ngokuphazima kweso, wakunikela ukuthatha imali zabo. Kodwa abakwazanga ukumelana nesilingo sokungathembeki uthole izigidi, kanye uzibuthe we "usomabhizinisi" okukhulu, futhi ushiye imali yabo naye. Bernard Madoff ngesikhathi enengxoxo New York ekutshela kwakunzima uzihlukanisa imfihlo kanjani. Wavuma ukuthi bekuyiphupho. Wabona kusengaphambili izinkinga, kodwa akakwazanga nokwabelana nanoma ubani nalokhu, futhi yena nomkakhe, nabo babehlala iminyaka engu-50, kanye engenamadodana ... ngisho umfowabo - Umngane wakhe omkhulu - wayengabhekiseli owakhuluma nganoma yini.

Bernard Madoff: umkhonyovu Emangazwe emhlabeni

National Market (NNM)) и его мошенничестве. Ngithathe isiqiniseko eziningi uzwile umsunguli exchange, "Nasdaq" (NASDAQ National Market (NNM) ) nokukhwabanisa. Ukwahlulela ngokubukeka ngendlela wakwazi ukuphinde crank out umkhonyovu, kungaba ngokuthi abanolwazi olunzulu ezimakethe zamasheya. Kuyinto engacabangeki ukuthi ekhohlisa abatshalizimali kusuka emhlabeni wonke. Inani ngalo wakwazi 'roll "kubo, kwaba angaphezu kwezigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingu-60 US dollars. Imali asisekho akucaci lapho. ukukhwabanisa okunjalo izwe elake layibona ngaphambili, futhi Bernard Madoff, ogama ubona esihlokweni wavotelwa le evelele kunawo PR okopelayo kuwo wonke umlando-United States. Ukuze lobu ukukhwabanisa, wasebenzisa abavamile kakhulu Ponzi iphiramidi. Yena simaskwe ngaphansi fund uthango. Lokhu kwaba silula, kodwa ngesikhathi esifanayo uhlelo eziyinkimbinkimbi. Ngenxa wayaziwa njengomuntu ophumelelayo Stock Exchange, abantu abathembela kuye imali yabo, bekholelwa ukuthi ingqondo yakhe ongaqonda ukuthi omunye ayitholakali Kusukela ngo-1960.

Kungani abantu abakholelwa kuye?

Yiziphi izici ezenza kungenzeka umkhonyovu? Lawa ngokuyinhloko:

1. idumela lihle kukasomabhizinisi indathane bangani bakhe. Emuva ezinsukwini lapho ubuchwepheshe eziningi kukhompyutha kwakubonakala engaqondakali, wasebenzisa kubo for yezohwebo, kanye nokuhlaziywa. Iqiniso lokuthi wayeseholela ukuzisebenzisa emsebenzini wakhe, ephakanyiswe igunya lakhe. Futhi abaningi ozakwethu wayecabanga ukuthi umnikazi onekhono elingavamile futhi ukucabanga okungavamile. Futhi mbhoshongo Bernard Madoff awuzange ngokuphelele kuqondwe abaningi bezimali, kodwa zazikholelwa ngobuqotho ukuthi umnikazi uyati kutsi yini ukwenza. Phela, wayehawukela kwadingeka idumela elinjalo!

2. Ukufihla naye waba obaluleke ngokukhethekile ngoba ukuchuma Madoff umkhonyovu. Yena wayeyingcweti imaski ukuthengiselana zabo, Isu lokutshala izimali eshicilelwe ngendlela jikelele. Wanxusa zimali zayo ukugxila kulokho bekulokhu fund okuthiwa for bo khe hle. Yingakho okwamanje akekho oqaphelile nobuthakathaka Isu lokutshala izimali Bernie. Abanye ochwepheshe bathi ubuhlungu kukhona okungalungile, kodwa asitholanga ubufakazi.

3. Madoff kwakubhekwa ayehlakazekele Jewish negunya elikhulu. Kuyinto kule ndawo, uthola abantu abasha kanye zimali. Phakathi kwabo kwakukhona abacebile, osomabhizinisi enkulu ababengenaso lalokhokulunga ukwandisa imali yakho, ibhizinisi dolobha izimali omongameli kasihlalo we lebhodi labaqondisi amabhange esikhulu kunazo zonke emhlabeni emhlabeni. imiphakathi yamaJuda uncamela ukutshala kumaphrojekthi amalungu abo kunokuba abameleli bezinye izizwe.

4. Inani idividendi lalilincane - isilinganiso 12% ngonyaka, kanye izinkokhelo isithakazelo nankinga.

ukuchayeka

Umuntu wokuqala waqala ukusola Madoff ukukhwabanisa waphawula emsebenzini into yakhe kahle kwaba Gary Markopoulos - Analyst lwezezimali. izibalo lakhe bathunyelwa Commission on Zezibambiso and Exchange Commission, bona abazange bazikhathaze ngayo. Futhi, akakwenzanga kanye, kodwa kane - ngo-2000, 2001, 2005 no-2007, ngokulandelana. Hhayi kanye akalilalelanga kuye. Waqale waphawula: akukho izibalo azilungile noma esingalungile Isikhwama umsebenzi. Kamuva, ngemva Madoff evezwa, wanyathelisa incwadi ekhuluma imizamo yakhe eyize ukufinyelela amalungu ikhomishana. Lalibizwa ngokuthi "Akekho Ingabe Lalela".

Ngo-2000, uBernie wacela ukuthengisa Isikhwama salo dollar ayizigidi eziyinkulungwane. Nokho, le ndoda yenqaba. Wonke umuntu owayazi ngakho, bashaqeka futhi ayikwazanga ukuqonda izizathu zokunqaba. Nokho, wabahlathululela bona ukwenza emkhankasweni kunjengokungathi naphakade, futhi afuna ukuthatha kwenye level. Eqinisweni, Bernard Madoff, biography yabo isizukulwane young kuyinto isithakazelo esiqotho, wesaba ukuthi ngaphambi isenzo ukudayiswa ukuhlolwa oyokwenziwa, nokuthi ababengenamandla okukuthola. Phela, uma nenkohliso ngabe ukuvubukulwa. Markopoulos futhi isimanga, ngakho-ke, azibeka izibalo zakhe futhi wathola lokho lalifihlakele abanye. Ngemva kweminyaka emibili, inani intshisekelo eyayifanele ukukhokha zimali, Bernie, wakhula enkulu engakaze ibonwe, futhi ke omkhulu Spy uvalo uqalise. Yiqiniso, wazama ukuthola abaningi bezimali abasha, kodwa utshalomali yabo ayikwazi ukumboza lemali edingekayo. Noma kunjalo, wakwazi ukuzabalaza kuze kube yilapho 2008. stock market wayo iphahlazeka. Kwabe sekufika lo mvuthwandaba, futhi amadodana ka-Bernie waphawula ukuthi uyise okuthile okungalungile. Lapho bezwa ukuthi uyise ayekwenzile, kwadlula ke emagunyeni. kwakungekho nezinye indlela yokuphuma. Ngempela, iminyango yabo okuncane amaklayenti bekhohliswa futhi bafuna imali yakhe. Ngenxa yalokho, yabe seyaziwa ukuthi wokugcina 13 iminyaka, ie kusukela 1997, Madoff umdala engayekanga yimuphi uma utshala imali.

enkantolo

Izinkomba ezivela umkhwabanisi ubuhlakani athathwa entwasahlobo ka 2009. Wavuma ukuthi iminyaka eminingi wahlanganyela zemali. Emva kwezinyanga ezingu-3, isivivinyo owawuse, kanye nosomabhizinisi wangaphambili ligwetshwe aboshwe isikhathi esiyiminyaka 150. Ngemva konyaka, indodana yakhe batholakale bezilengisile emzini wakhe e-New York. Lapho bezwa lokhu, uyise wacindezeleka ezinzima. Enye indodana Madoff sika - Andrew - unamandla amakhulu. Waqhubeka ungumnikazi inkampani yabo amandla. Lapho exoxa ne-enye yezincwadi emikhulu Madoff yavuma ukuthi ukhathazekile kakhulu mayelana umonakalo wawenza ukuba umndeni wakhe. Kodwa kuye esetilongweni zinhle kakhulu, ngokuba njengembali noma cha, kuba - isela, kodwa hhayi umkhuthuzi othile noma umgqekezi. Futhi labo ababesejele - isimo sengqondo senhlonipho. Futhi Madoff wavuma ukuthi iningi induduzo yakhe wukuthi zimali zakhe bakwazi ukuphindela kwesigamu semali, okungukuthi amasenti dollar ngalinye 50. Waduduza yena umcabango wokuthi uma hhayi isisekelo sakhe, laba bantu namanje ngabe ulahlekelwe imali yabo, sithembele kwezinye izimali. Yiqiniso, i-eziningi zalezi ukuvuma kwayo kwakuzwakala baphikise kakhulu, futhi kwakungekho muntu oyiqondayo uma ephenduka noma cha ngempela. Kodwa iqiniso lokuthi indodana yakhe ayikwazanga ukumelana esasimangalelwe nokungathembani phezu ingxenye umphakathi, futhi wazibulala, yena-ke, ukuzisola kakhulu.

Bernard Madoff: amafilimu we imikhonyovu enkulu

Kule minyaka embalwa edlule kwafika imidwebo eziningana njengoba exoxa indaba futhi sici amafilimu, okuyinto ukutshela ngokuphila nomsebenzi we umkhwabanisi ngobukhulu zezimali emlandweni. Ngakho "Meydoff" trailer wathwebula 2006. Nokho, akazange alale lapho into efana umbukeli. Enye ifilimu mayelana Bernard Madoff - "Liar, olukhulu nolwesabekayo", indima esemqoka lapho ukudlala sahlulwa uRobert De Niro futhi Mishel Pfayfer, kwaphumelela. Abenzi Nokho, akugcini la amabili. Futhi isithombe umhlaziyi wezimali Gary Makropoulos isuswe. Lalibizwa ngokuthi "Chasing Madoff" futhi esekelwe endabeni yeqiniso, futhi isethulo saso singamakhulu umugqa ezifana: ". Ngeshwa, ifilimu kusekelwe izenzakalo zangempela" Imibono ifilimu abangu elixutshwe, umuntu ethanda, kodwa othile washiya isetshenzwe. Kukhona tinhlelo eziningana ukuthi zisitshele con okukhulu. Omunye wabo okuthiwa "Fun ngeminyaka." By endleleni, emva amaholidi kaKhisimusi, ngoJanuwari 2017 wonke amaphephandaba waphinda wakhumbula igama superaferista. Futhi ngokushesha sifundile zonke lapho Bernard Madoff ihlala ejele. Phela, wayehawukela, njengoba kushiwo ngenhla, wakhetha ukukhombisa ithalenta wabo ebhizinisi futhi, njengoba uthenge yonke nqwaba nokhokho oyimpuphu baba lithengise it iphetha inzuzo bona. Lokho essence yayo. Ngamafuphi, lo kuphela ethuneni lesifanele umkhomo ...