Mongolia XIV B.

Zonke abayimizulane abahlala ezindaweni ezingamahlathi otok ndawo ukwencika abantu yomnikazi: ezincwadini-Mongolian bebizwa "albatu '(ngokwezwi nezwi," zikhokhe intela "). Babenqatshelwe bahamba ngezinyawo besuka kwenye aphethe kwenye.

ekilasini izinduna lalinabashumayeli kwamadoda asebukhosini, izikhulu eziphakeme Lamas okusezingeni eliphezulu e zezindela Buddhist. inkosi ngayinye izinduna kwaba in the ifa noma Otok, noma eyodwa noma enye yezinto albatu ku emazweni Otok. Class kwabelusi abacindezeli, Kharachoy albatu (ngokwezwi nezwi, "black") sathunyelwa, shabinarami (ngokwezwi nezwi, "AbaFundi nge-llama, othisha yokufundisa Buddhist" - a ngekungababati ngoba arats-Kharachoy, eyethulwe izinduna njengesipho Lamas degrees ephakeme) nezigqila (Bohol ).

Albatu ngaphansi ukuxhashazwa esindayo ngumnikazi. Distribution bemfuyo noyons arats for kokudla noma ukuzisebenzisa ukusebenza ngokuqondile noyons amapulazi babe umkhuba ovamile phakathi nalesi sikhathi. Kanyekanye arats ngonyaka Noyon wanikeza inombolo ethile izimvu zokuhlatshwa. Ngaphezu kwalokho, Noyon albatu ukushaja amahhashi abo, izinkabi, ezinqoleni lokuqoqa imikhiqizo yobisi, ubisi vodka futhi wazizwa enhlanganweni imicimbi noma ukufuduka.

Arata eyenziwa Yamskaya inkonzo ngaphakathi lo ubukhulu, futhi okwakudingeka ayenze e nomkhankaso wempi noma iya ngokuba battue ukuzingela ekuhambeleni lokuqala Noyon. Mongolia XIV ngo ...

Emongweni yezinxushunxushu nesiyaluyalu ezivela kwehlukana zezombusazwe yezwe, noyonstvo kwakudingeka abe namandla kunomFilisti inkolo yokhokho bawo - nemilingo, ukwesekwa ngemibono. ukusekelwa okunjengalokhu abakuthola nobuBuddha. Esikhathini engxenyeni yokugcina XVI kanye XVII engxenyeni yokuqala. Buddhism yasheshe phakathi namaMongol baba azixoshe nemilingo, ngokusekelwa ezicukuthwaneni enamandla. Phakathi nekhulu XVII. ezweni lonke eziningi zezindela nezinkulungwane Lamas.

Iinsetjenziswa kwamandla yayimelelwe kumuntu umbusi lezinceku Tumen noma otok. UMbusi (edzhen) yena waphatha ukwahlulela yokujezisa; Yena amalevi ngamisa nemisebenzi, wayala ibutho - zaziziningi impahla. Ezandleni zakhe kwaba konke ukugcwala wezempi, tekuphatsa kanye neziphathimandla zokwahlulela.

Ngemva waxoshwa kulo Beijing UKhan Omkhulu Toyon Temur (1333-1370) kanye umlandeli wakhe Ayushiridara (1370-1378), ukugcina igama Empire Yuan, uzama ukuqoqa amandla futhi kubuyise ukuphumula ezandleni umngcele ezindaweni zabo ezingxenyeni ezikude zombuso. Kodwa Minsk ibutho ngokuphindaphindiwe sabuyela isiphindela eMongolia, wanqoba ibutho Ayushiridary e Inchane e 1370 amabutho yombuso zinyanga Omkhulu Khan Togus-Tam-pa (1378-1388) banqotshwa lapho e 1388 130,000th Ming ibutho.

Mongolia e XIV.