Biography of uJonathan Swift, usebenza, izingcaphuno

Biography of uJonathan Swift - indaba umlobi Irish owayesebenza uhlobo satirical, satirizing izenzo ezimbi emphakathini. "Travels Gulliver sika" - eyintandokazi iningi abafundi eziningi zale ncwadi, lapho abantu abadala nezingane uzothola indlela okutholakele zefilosofi.

umbhali

Biography uJonathan Swift iqala e-Ireland, ngo-Dublin, Novemba 30, 1667. Ubaba wakhe washona ngaphambi kokuzalwa kwendodana yakhe, isikhulu ezincane akazange ashiye umndeni sika yokuziphilisa. Boy kwezemfundo wathatha Godwin umalume. Udadewethu wahlala nonina, umndeni wakhe, uJonathani wayengazi ukubona okuningi.

Ngo 1682 wabhalisa eTrinity - College, kokuphothula ne iziqu ze-bachelor. Ngesikhathi kokugumbuqelwa King James Second Civil War waqala e-Ireland. Swift wabuyela eNgilandi umzala ezikude uWilliam Temple nonina zamkhonza uNobhala iminyaka emibili. Temple, usomaqhinga abacebile, ithatha e isiphetho kaJonathani ezimatasa ingxenye. Kuyinto ovula amakhono kwezincwadi umbhali abasha, futhi ikusiza ukuthola umsebenzi omuhle.

ukushicilelwa

Biography uJonathan Swift njengoba umlobi ozalwa izincwadi 1704 imisebenzi emibili: "Tale of a ubhavu" Emfanekisweni "The Battle of the Izincwadi", kanye izinkondlo kanye namavesi. wakhonza epherishi Larakor (Ireland) 1705 iminyaka eminingi, futhi 1713 iSwift uthola dean indawo at St Patrick Cathedral. Lokhu okuthunyelwe ukunika imali enhle kanye nokwenzeka lokubhala kanye nemisebenzi sezenhlalo.

Ngo-1724, ngaphansi ukukhishwa mbumbulu "Izincwadi Draper." Ngo 1726, ukukhululwa kwezincwadi "Travels Gulliver sika" e 2 amavolumu. Ngo 1742, Swift athwala unhlangothi eqinile, ngenxa okuyinto nje leyo ndawo ilahlekelwa namakhono ngokwengxenye engqondo. Ngobusuku obandulela ukufa kwakhe, wabhala Epitaph ku ethuneni, okuyinto ozikhethela, njengoba akusho e intando yakhe, achitheka kuye: "Lo intukuthelo engemuva yomkhumbi kwadamba kakade esifubeni sakhe. Hamba, isihambi, futhi ukumlingisa oye njalo elwela inkululeko. "

lokusungula Swift

Dzhonatan Svift, omisebenzi yakhe zalotshelwa ekuqa- ukushintsha kwendlela yokuloba tetemibhalo, wakwazi ukuqonda hhayi kuphela isimo wamavukelambuso Ireland, kodwa futhi ukunganeliseki nabo kobushiqela zezombusazwe British. Usephumile allegory, kodwa ukuqina kanye prilizannosti hhayi vogue. Kuyinto kule nkathi ulimi satirical nombhali, ukukuthwala ukulahla kwakhe wemikhuba nobuwula egameni ubuhle nobulungisa, ingqondo bathola izinhliziyo zabafundi. Amahlaya Ihlaya - indlela emfushane eya empumelelweni ngaso sonke isikhathi.

Jonathan Swift imibono ivezwa "Travels Gulliver sika", futhi efanele for namuhla. wokulwa kwezombangazwe futhi usongo bheka engenangqondo ku Lilliput, lapho abantu amancane ukulwela amandla. Kusukela ukuphakama ekukhuleni kwayo Gulliver ubona amakhrayoni inkanuko isifiso ukuze athole inzuzo. Izwe Giants, ngakolunye uhlangothi, inkazimulo nangobukhulu izwe lakhe bheka iwubuphukuphuku. Esiqhingini ezindizayo Laputa isihambi ihlangabezana benezingqondo yesayensi abaye izuzwe ukungafi, ubhalwe kabusha umlando emhlabeni kwaba yilowo nalowo ngenxa yena. Izwe zokugcina lapho Gulliver ihlangabezana umjaho wamahhashi ezihlakaniphile abantu uJehu izinceku. Isithombe ugly amadoda oyisilima - lokhu kuwubufakazi umbono ka Swift, ukuthi uma izinkanuko imikhuba emibi abuse phezu indoda kunamandla sizathu, kungaba vula ku isilwane.

ukuphila komuntu Jonathan Swift

Ngo ifa abavikela yakhe Templa Dzhonatan nenye intokazi ebukekayo Esteri Johnson, owayephethe ngaleso sikhathi wayeneminyaka engu-8 ubudala. Indodakazi wasendlini, amletha engenayise, futhi umlobi enkulu iba umngane kanye uthisha ngqo nomngane. Ezincwadini zakhe ubiza Stella wakhe. Esteri Stella sahlala abafundi amalungelo izindlu ngemva kokufa Jonathan. Abangane, abantu ababephila ngesikhathi umbhali umangalele ukuthi bashada ensitha, kodwa ubufakazi ngqo lokhu futhi ayikwazanga ukuthola imibhalo.

Ngo 1707, uhlangana Esteri Vanhomrigh oneminyaka engu-19 ubudala ukuthi ukuxhumana olubanzi ubiza uVanessa. Wabuye ekhula ngaphandle ukunakwa sikababa, futhi zifa uthandana umbhali kakade aphethwe. Babhalela nomunye kuya ekufeni Esteri uVanessa, yena ebulawa isifo sofuba. Izindaba esezokufa wanikina ngokujulile Jonathan.

ezombusazwe

Ireland, lapho kudabuka khona Dzhonatan Svift, wahlala phakade ngaye okwazalelwa nendawo yobuKhristu emzabalazweni wamalungelo alinganayo. Abazithobayo ukukhathazeka mayelana nabantu bakubo, shi ekukhulekeleni yombango futhi ngikwazi ukuthenga ugwayi notshwala, nombhali athikili ashicilelwe, bashumayela futhi ishicilelwe amapheshana. Yena ngamandla wakhuthaza ubulungiswa emphakathini, wasola khukhumala lombhalo futhi abashisekela inkolo iye yalwa ukucindezelwa Irish.

idumela Dean Swift sika yayiphezulu ukuze inkumbulo umngane Ungafunda indaba ukusitheka. Uma Isixuku esibuthene ngaphandle lombhishobhi ukubona ukusitheka kwelanga. Noise ababukele kokungenzi lutho uvinjelwe Jonathan ukusebenza, waya esigcawini futhi zamemezela ukuthi ukusitheka ikhanseliwe. Isixuku zazilalela ngenhlonipho futhi Dean ithengiswe.

amaqiniso ezithakazelisayo

Biography uJonathan Swift lembula amaqiniso ambalwa mayelana nokuphila kwakhe agcwele umbhali esinjengesomuntu abethabé ngendlela elihlakaniphile futhi ukusho ngesibindi.

• Ukushikashikeka ukudebeselela amathuna lombhishobhi yakhe, uDean wathumela izigijimi abanezihlobo imfuneko ukuze anakekele imemori yokhokho, noma ukuthumela kuye imali ukuphathwa ethuneni. Endabeni ka ukwehluleka nangesimo sengqondo ngabandayo uthembisa ukuze ungeze imibhalo ka izwi wokungabongi izihlobo. Enye yemilayezo enjalo zilethwe George II mathupha. Kodwa njengoba isinyathelo ingxenye inkosi asilandelwanga, umbhalo ukuncishana le nkosi sika phezu kwesitofu khona.
• travel Amateur Jonathan othandekayo okunothando anecdote mayelana yezihambi. Lapho, efika ingxenye kuphela embhedeni, wesibili ayenakho ukuze wabelane umlimi. Kodwa umbhali okukhulunywa edlulayo elisebenza wesahlulelo Sasilala wedwa.
• Ngolunye usuku, ukuphumela phandle ngihambe, wabuza inceku yakhe Lodge amabhuzu. Le nsizwa, ayikwazi ukuhlanza kubo, baletha Swift izicathulo ngala mazwi: "Wena namanje lokudlela zabo." Jonathan ayeyalwe ukuba ukondla ibhulakufesi, "namasu" abampofu, ngoba namanje elambile.

Ukuhlakanipha kuwo wonke amazwi

Kwaba neze umuntu oyisiphukuphuku Dzhonatan Svift. Izilinganiso namazwi ekuphileni kwakhe ngasinda:

• Ulaka - kuyinto yokuziphindiselela yena enye.
• Odokotela ubhedu emhlabeni - ukuthula, ukudla okuthile, futhi ehlala ejabule.
• Inhlamba - buhlungu abantu uyakufanelekela like izikelemu uthande izithelo enempilo kuphela.
• Uma bahlekise othile, bese ulungele ukuziphindiselela nokucija ngokubekezela.
• Ungakwazi uyayizonda umbhali, kodwa ukufunda incwadi yakhe ngenjabulo.
• Pigskin igolide esikhwameni yini soshesh.
• Sage okungenani azizwa isizungu engomunye.
• Injabulo emshadweni kungenxa zonke esingashiwongo, kodwa waqonda umfazi izwi.

amazwi uJonathan Swift ku ubulungiswa nobugqila - a satirical abukhali maqondana inqubomgomo hairpin wezwe lakhe nabefundisi esonakele:

• Uma uhulumeni wanquma ukuzinika abuse ngaphandle kwemvume yabantu, kuba uhlelo senceku.
• Ezulwini akukho igolide, ngakho wayiswa emhlabeni amashinga.
• Inkolo - kuba nesifo esibi esitholakala umphefumulo okumsulwa.

Legacy Swift

Dzhonatan Svift imisebenzi kwesokunxele ukuthi ngisho ngokuhlela Friend qinani beneme satirical ezombusazwe futhi asiphelele. Manje igalelo umbhali omkhulu. Kakade phakathi nesikhathi sokuphila kwakhe yakhe edumile ethi "Gulliver" esanyatheliswa ngezilimi eziningana. Ithethwe izincwadi zezingane njengoba kusetshenzwe yi censors, ukuthi uba njengamazwi indaba kumnandi uhlobo fantasy. Kodwa ngisho kule nguqulo mfushane sencwadi yakhe bafundiswa ukuthi thina sonke ezahlukene, kodwa bonke abantu elifanayo.

Bakwethu bayazigqaja ithalente nokuhlakanipha umbhali omkhulu. Dzhonatan Svift (izwe azalelwa kulo futhi lokusungula - Ireland) ngakwesokunxele ngemva kokufa kwakhe, ukholo ikusasa eliqhakazile futhi okulinganayo emhlabeni.