Bomber Northrop B-2. Bomber B-2: izici nesithombe

Mystery B-2 (webhomu) ebangela lenqwaba izahlulelo, legends wasenganekwaneni amazwi. Kuyini lokhu indiza, uma sikhuluma amaqiniso kweqiniso? izindiza American eziqhutshwa kwesizukulwane sesithathu lokungabonakali iminyaka engaphezu kwengu-15, naphezu kwesihenqo ekusithekeni ku global idatha ulwazi emkhakheni livela kumadivayisi zobuchwepheshe kanye nezici mkhathi ezinamaphiko.

incazelo jikelele

Bomber B-2, okuyinto umkhiqizo US wezempi umkhakha, yakhelwe njengoba indiza ithuba ukuncipha amabutho esitha ukuthola antiaircraft. ezingabonakali ngokuphelele, akubi, njengoba bethole indlela ekhethekile kokulandela ukunquma radar yayo izikrini, kodwa ukuzivikela abavamile abawuboni, okusikisela wokusinda kwalo kule mibandela zokuqhunyiswa kwebhomu.

Ukubukeka umxhwele izindiza, okuyinto ufana izindiza ezivela movie-sci-fi. B-2 webhomu uMoya livela esibhakabhakeni engumbaleki ichopho black esingunxantathu iphrofayela umbono kule ulunika esosweni ezindizayo, isicaba ngaphandle umsila futhi fuselage.

Ukuqinisekisa umsebenzi ethule cwaka isebenzisa ubuchwepheshe eziphambili esilayidi:

• ebusweni elingaphandle endizeni embozwe impahla nge ngezinga eliphezulu ukumuncwa ngamagagasi omsakazo;
• osetshenziswayo kwesakhiwo umdwebo ekwazi ukumelana namandla omoya "flying iphiko";
• Ukuzivikela isetshenziswa jet injini jet, ukubaluleka ESR ungaphakathi uhla kusuka 0,0015 0.1 square metres. m.

Izici avelele isakhiwo izindiza

Ikhishwa B-2 webhomu "Nomoya" ngesimo iphiko, isikimu kuhilela ukungabi oluphelele izingxenye mpo izimpaphe. Njengoba amapuleti Umhlahlandlela sakhathala salokhu sinamathele okuyiqondisa efakwe i ingxenye ukuphela amaphiko. Iningi sikebhe futhi izingxenye eziyinhloko zakhiwe titanium kanye aluminium. izinto engeziwe kukhona polyamides, ne-carbon zezinhlanganisela nge ukushisa eliphezulu ukumelana Coefficient.

Bomber B-2 Umoya has a isici eziveza ngesimo titanium caisson, ngokufanele engxenyeni phambi kwezindlu nokwelula ezigabeni Lesisemkhatsini. Aircraft amaphiko zenziwa carbon fiber. Monolithic iphaneli titanium caisson eyenziwe 23 mm obukhulu. Compound izingxenye ndawonye Welding noma okusheshayo kukhicite udini ngcono plastic.

ukuma

Ngesisekelo kumiswa ukubukeka kuyinto uhlelo amacembe ezine, futhi ukuma indiza wadala imigqa 12. Lokhu ugxilisa reflection indiza evundla inamba encane imikhakha emaphakathi. Ezingemuva futhi front Uhlaka parallel nomunye housings, ihlanganisa, injini gumbi Sash kokuvula wahlela ukwakha chassis 4 imikhakha ukubonisa esemqoka. Nge ama- front futhi bakhulise etholwe 2 imikhakha.

Esikhathini buka engaphelele kanye ohlangothini craft ezinamaphiko ayinakho izindiza kanye imigqa eqondile. Ngaphansi kwesithombe senqaba isakhiwo iphiko ibekwe, igagasi umsakazo umswakama. Ngaphambili onqenqemeni ingxenye izindiza wenziwa engela abukhali 33º, futhi ngemuva senziwa ngesimo izinhlamvu English W. Phakathi iphiko semispan iphuzu echaziwe ukwa elingenhla, B-2 webhomu Northrop has supercritical iphrofayela iphiko.

Indiza ifakwe 4 izinjini, esisogwini zombili bay ibhomu. Ukuqinisekisa umbuso imperceptible esakhiwe flat ebusweni elingaphandle indiza ayinakho izimbotshana ku izinjini umlomo wombhobho esibhakabhakeni kanye motors kanye izingalo zitholakala ngaphakathi emshinini.

amaphutha design

Iqiniso ukuthi lo mkhumbi ezinamaphiko akulona umsila, akazange kumvimbe ephonseka ukuwuqondisa emoyeni, ekuhlaseleni ethule cwaka, B-2 esitolo ezimbi esibhakabhakeni ongenhla otholakala akhethiwe ngenxa ukungabikho fin mpo. ukuhambisa kuphela umqulu izindiza, okuyinto kunciphisa amandla lundiza ephansi futhi phezulu kuthatha okwandisa ibutho ephakamisa, okuholela kushintsha idivayisi ohlangothini oyifunayo. Ngo zezindiza, kukhona umqondo "iphiko ukulayisha", okuyinto ingenye nemingcele ebaluleke kakhulu esikebheni. Ngaphansi kuka ikhilogremu sithinta umuntu oyedwa isentimitha square iphiko, kuba lula ukwenza indiza uphendulela emoyeni. anda Ngakho maneuverability webhomu.

Bomber akakwazi ukuphatha ngaphandle ukufakwa kagesi elawulwa kude uhlelo namadivayisi othomathikhi, ukubukela inqubo kwendiza likhipha pulses umyalo phezu izingxenye mechanical wamaphiko.

kudivayisi gumbi

Le ndiza okuzoqondiswa ngamalungu amabili nezisebenzi, B-2 (webhomu), isithombe okuyinto abekwe ngezansi, Inama salokhu gumbi Umfutho, ise phambi ingxenye izindiza.

Faka pilot emsebenzini ngokusebenzisa gumbi e chassis phambi esitebhisini esibekwe ukusonga. Ukuze umshayeli ngamunye emsebenzini has a isethi egcwele amadivayisi control. Endaweni efanayo, uma ugibelile imishini injini isiqalo inkinobho kanye izinhlelo indiza. Lezi izinkinobho asethwe uma alamu.

NokuVikelwa ingxenye esobala gumbi siqukethe panel ezine isakhiwo isangweji, okuvumela ukuba sifeze kubukezwa ovundlile i-engela 200º. Esimeni indiza eduze iziqhumane zasemkhathini phezu ingilazi camera kwengoma yezingxenye zegolide, ekubeni opaque futhi ayihambisi ngemisebe. Flight pilot iqhutshwe izibuko protivolazernyh.

Uhlelo lokulawula indiza

B-2 webhomu ifakwe i eyengeziwe kagesi elawulwa kude, okuyinto uhlelo digital oluxube ukusabela ngokushesha kvadradupleksnuyu. ukuzilawula ngokuzenzekelayo iqukethe e yayo isakhiwo ezine processing unit futhi isesimweni ukusebenza uma ukwehluleka bobabili. Aerial isignali uhlelo 20 yakhiwa ephakamisa inzwa ingcindezi ukufunda, okwenza kube avulekile.

American webhomu B-2 Avionics eziyinkimbinkimbi has NSS ekilasini navigation subsystem. Umbani ukusabela okusheshayo ukuze nezimo ezishintshayo indiza ngo oxhumene izingxenye ezimbili electronic: IMU (inertial) kanye AIU (astroinertial). Ngamunye abashayeli amawashi izinkomba 4 isinyathelo Amatebhe.

Umlando sokudalwa

Phakathi neMpi Yomshoshaphansi phakathi eU.SSR US ngo-1979, uRonald Reagan ngesikhathi ekhankasela ukhetho yakhe isithembiso ukubuyisela izikhali US Army. Ngemva konyaka, uhulumeni wase-US uhlose ukusungula eziningi aircrafts ethembisa ku ukulethwa okusheshayo ordnance endaweni ethintekile, bese kuqala uhlu idelakufa esilayidi B-2. Pragmatic baseMelika upheqa kwi ukukhanya zonke dollar ngaphambi uyifake kunoma isiphi isimo. izindiza Mangalisayo namandla athe xaxa okwengamela kanye ukubonakala encishisiwe yephrojekthi owayebonakala emkhulu amathemba walungisiswa futhi esilawulwa olukhethekile uhulumeni wase-US.

Inkampani Northrop Grumman athuthukile webhomu avulekile amasu, esiklanyelwe ifohle uhlelo aminyene anti-kokulandela kanye ukulethwa kwezikhali zenuzi nezinye. It is ithuthukiswe ngesisekelo Uhlelo zezimboni ATV.

Le phrojekthi wathola igama ikhodi B-2 ngoMoya uphawu. Kwavela 1987 kwaba kwezihibe ngenxa yokuntuleka design isinqumo postpones ekuqaleni isivivinyo kuze 1989 futhi kwandisa ngezimali iphrojekthi ngomunye dollar ayizigidi eziyinkulungwane. Bezimali ukuze 1989 ukunquma ukubaluleka izindleko ukudala indiza entsha 23.1 dollar ayizigidi eziyinkulungwane.

Ikhophi yokuqala uthola isiqalo empilweni efemini wezempi e-California, lapho aphethwe indiza yakhe yokuqala ngesibonakaliso izingqimba ukhathazekile yomphakathi. Ngenxa zibiza kakhulu ukwakhiwa webhomu 21 kuphela B-2 Umoya Stealts. Zonke izimoto ukulwa kukhona amagama siqu ehambelana amagama zithi Melika. Lokhu kokugcina zomkhumbi ezinamaphiko ngokuthi "uMoya Melika" ibekwe yibutho ngo-July 2000.

sesimanje izindiza

Ngo-2008, kusho iCongress of America nokuxhasa uhlelo ukuze ithuthukise B-2 (webhomu). Lawula ukusekela ngokulondoloza uhlelo lesion phansi ezihambayo nemiklamo radar inethiwekhi nezinguquko ezinhle. 2009 kwandisa umthamo umthwalo kwendiza, okuyinto amathani 27, ahlukaniswe nengxenye linezingxenye sokunene nesobunxele. Ngo-2010, izinto kuyathuthuka izindiza iphaneli ukuthi kukwenza kungenzeki ngisho kwemifantu yamuva wengxenye.

Amajaji itholakala phakathi motors ukwephulwa of ubuso bayo lihlotshaniswa yokuthi kancane kancane zanqwabelana ukukhathala metal, okuholela imifantu. Yena evala skeleton esiyinhlanganisela indiza ashisayo esisheshayo futhi is phansi okushisa aphakeme, akuyona indima yokugcina vibration ngesikhatsi ukuhlinzwa izitshalo amandla. onjiniyela yenkampani ukuze ubhekane ngokuphumelelayo nalesi umsebenzi wokwenza izinguquko design umsila nokusetshenziswa lezinsimbi ezingcono.

Ngo-April 2010, idelakufa Ufika ngcono isofthiwe, navigation entsha futhi lesichubekako zokuxhumana uhlelo. Futhi ngo-September 2012 ngo kokulawula izindiza ukulungiswa ukufakwa kwe-radar ethuthukisiwe AN / APQ-181 ne etholakalayo AESA radar. izingubo ezintsha kwahambisana ngaphezulu izinhlelo zokuxhumana ezithuthukisiwe kanye imishini sigibele izindiza.

izici Technical wemoto ukulwa

Idelakufa bavimba ine omuhle kakhulu izici lobuchwepheshe. B-2 (webhomu) ifakwe electronics zezindiza. Isikhala seso FLIR irherho yakha i Ukubuyekeza kanzulu, umsakazo wave HANIUAL altimeter yakhelwe ukuze isignali yayo ayitholiwe ngesikhathi ukuhlola by somphikisi.

Ukuze movement in the izixhumanisi inikezwe we inertial navigation system izenzo efakwe isiteshi exchange of idatha ehlakaniphe iziphuphutheki. JDAM nse Temphi Letitichumane siyiswe guided ejection uhlelo inikezwe ibanga kusengaphambili ilitshe usebenzisa idivayisi nokukhomba. Indiza ine uhlelo ezihambisana izinzwa adlulisa idatha ku uhlelo lokulawula ukushintsha isimo ngaphandle isitsha.

Indiza ifakwe AESA radar, kodwa lokhu akuwona kudivayisi ejwayelekile izindiza ethule cwaka, kubalulekile ukukhipha indiza isiginali futhi isitha air ukuzivikela zasekut. Ngokwesibonelo, flying isikebhe F-117 ubudala has kuphela izindlela yokwenziwa yokuqoqa ulwazi. izici Technical indiza:

• ngokukhululekile abanikeze asebenza nabo ezimbili umshayeli;
• isitsha obuphelele izindiza kreysernogo kuyinto 20,9 m;
• apharathasi has namaphiko 52,1 m;
• Aircraft ukuphakama - 5.1 m;
• iphiko surface area - 460 m ^2;
• impi esheshayo engahlomile kakhulu nalutho gcwalisiwe ukala 71,7 m;
• evamile futhi esiphezulu ukusuka isisindo 152,6 futhi 171 m, ngokulandelana;
• yokubasela refueling apharathasi phakathi naso sonke isikhathi indiza unesisindo esingamathani angaba ngu-73;
• Inkokhelo kuze kube sesimanje nangemva - 22,7 futhi 27 amathani ngokulandelana;
• Aircraft dlula turbojet injini, ukala 1.452 m;
• esiphezulu isivinini kungenzeka indiza - 860 km / h;
• isilinganiso ijubane impi esheshayo engahlomile kakhulu - 776 km / h, endaweni ukulwa ithumba engaba 5310 km;
• Flight ibanga 11110 km, isikhathi ozosichitha lapho uya - 6.5 h, B-2 (webhomu) ikhuphukela esiphezulu 15,000 m.

ukusetshenziswa ehlome

Ukuze ukubhubhisa target zisetshenziselwa zenuzi 340 / ton, 1.1 m / ithani. Ugibelile baphathe amabhomu ezivamile 16 x 84, 36 x 80 cluster ibhomu izikhali 82. Ukusetshenziswa ngokunemba high, njengoba izikhali ezisetshenziswa cruise ezicitshwayo.

Kukhona Inganekwane evamile ukuthi B-2 ekuhlaseleni ukusebenzisa cruise ezicitshwayo bengayi. Lokhu akulona iqiniso ngoba kulesi simo esiphathiswa liyadingeka limise munition gumbi amabhomu bese umuse predetermined ukusetha kabusha iphuzu ngawo apharathasi kalula ukubhekana.

nemibi engabonakali

kwezakhi Okubanzi-United States futhi congressmen zimane akakhohliswanga okungcono okulindele. Akubona bonke abantu banolwazi emkhakheni umsakazo, futhi nakakhulu esikhathini kagesi umumo womsebenzi mkhuba. Ngaphambi kwazo kulotshiwe ngokwamazwi abafundisayo wokuphika ekuhlaseleni ongabonakali, ososayensi elwela wathembisa kudalwa endizeni enjalo asebengenwe igciwane nokuthi wacabanga eziningi abantu.

Kodwa umqondo wokuthi kahle Kuthi ezingabazekayo etholwe ukushabalalisa endaweni indiza uhlala ku ezahlukene 0,0015 0.1 m ^2. Lesi sici lizidlula kude ukufunda, isibonelo, othanda ukulwa ogama ESR kuyinto 3-4 m ^2. Uma uthi nhlá, ukushabalalisa ndawo etinhlotjeni letibanti evumayo.

Kodwa encishisiwe ESR webhomu iba inkomba ezibucayi lokungabonakali yayo. ukuhlakazwa encishisiwe siyasebenza kuphela eyiminyaka onobuhle akusebenzi air ukuzivikela. Modern radar ukulungiswa ongawaqonda indiza nge endaweni kusakazeka at ibanga amakhilomitha ayishumi kuya kwangamashumi amabili.

Umumo Flat, ukungabi imigqa mpo nomsila kukwenza kungenzeki ukuhlala Yiqiniso esikhethiwe, futhi okubaluleke kakhulu kudinga ukufakwa Izilawuli electronic ebizayo.

Izinkinga esisebenzayo nokukhanya infrared, naphezu kwemizamo ahlangene onjiniyela kanye nososayensi. Bazama ukuthola izinjini indiza kusukela phezulu, ukushintsha okukhipha umlomo wombhobho amathuba Ukupholisa yashesha kukaphethiloli zishiswe. It kuveza imiphumela emihle kakhulu, kodwa yokucasha ephelele esisheshayo qeda ashisayo akusebenzi.

Abezindaba ze-Eyewitness ukuthi ezihlukahlukene imibukiso wesimanje bathi ngokusebenzisa indiza umfundi imager ezishisayo Into ephawuleka kakhulu esikhanyayo futhi iyabonakala. Idivayisi ungabona isitha ke B-2 (webhomu) ezimiselwe ukubhujiswa.

Okulingana isixuku esikhulu izindiza

Ngokusho izibalo ososayensi kwezempi ngenze umonakalo ukujula indawo webhomu isitha F-16 ku-inani imishini 32 ngobuciko izikhali kudinga sebuningini isampula art asekelayo. I wokugada aqukethe 16s, 4-umqondisi umsindo izindiza, 8 aircrafts ngoba abacindezela radar kanye refueling lonke iphakethe (15 izingcezu) ezihlinzeka eshiwo ngenhla namakalishi nophethiloli.

Kasibili ezifanayo amandla esingu kubangela iqembu engabonakali F-117 izindiza 8 ephelezelwa base emathangini avuzayo ezimbili. Kodwa i webhomu zaseMelika ezingama-B-2 ephuma le Luhlatiyo izikhundla ehola - izabelo efanayo adinga khona emoyeni izinhlelo esilayidi amabili kuphela futhi ayidingi ukusetshenziswa fuel emathangini avuzayo, njengoba uhla esiphezulu akudingi refueling esibhakabhakeni. Njengoba ubona, imali lapho.

Ingozi webhomu esilayidi

Le ngozi yenzeke esiqhingini Guam. Aerodrome ukushiya izindiza ezine labo ezihlala isikhathi eside 4 izinyanga esekelwe isiqhingi. Bomber okuthiwa "uMoya Kansas" Ukhumula yesibili. Umsindo nobuntu ukotini, kukhona awugqinsi intuthu qeda kude kusukela isilawuli umbhoshongo. Ibangelwa umlilo futhi inkonzo ukukhucululwa kwendle, kodwa ngeke ukwazi ukulondoloza indiza, it is phansi ngokuphelele.

Bakhishwe amatilosi indiza yokuqala ngaphambilini ukubuyela ngokushesha esikhundleni ukuthunyelwa, zonke izindiza of ekuhlaseleni yalolu hlobo okwesikhashana ukucaciseleka okulindile ka netimbangela yale ngozi. Abashayeli wakwazi ukukhipha futhi awazange zonakala kakhulu, omunye uphumile ngosuku lwesibili, kanti kwesinye isenzakalo ke welashwa esibhedlela.

Kusolwa ukuthi le ngozi idalwe kubangelwa ukuhluleka mshini noma isenzo isici womuntu. Kulandela uphenyo nge ikhomishana iziphetho ekhethekile benziwa ukuthi webhomu esilayidi B-2 Ukuqhuma kwenzeka ngenxa yokwehluleka injini.

Umsebenzi ukulwa webhomu

Ngokokuqala ngqá ukunqoba NATO webhomu esetshenziswa ngesikhathi Impi eYugoslavia, lapho cishe 600 Temphi Letitichumane siyiswe ngokunembile guided alahlwayo. Akumangalisi ngamabhomu izindiza elingenziwe ukufakelwa, bathunyelwa base eMissouri, bephonsa amabhomu eKosovo futhi wagcina esephila emuva.

I-Iraq impi kunikeza isiza entsha yokulwa. Idelakufa Stealth B-2 Ukhumula kusukela isiqhingi Diego Garsiya nomunye base imfihlo ngaphandle kokuveza amagama. izindiza Ubude ukwenza ukuthula mayelana 22. Whiteman Air Base ukhiphe 27 ezazigxishwe izinhlamvu izindiza, okuyinto kanye ngamabhomu lokuqala lehla Iraq amathani angaphezu kwangu-300 amabhomu. Ukuhlala isilinganiso emoyeni kwaba amahora 30, kuyilapho kokuphawula ukuthi esiphezulu irekhodi ubude omunye ilungu iqembu ubani esibhakabhakeni amahora 50.

Kuningi nakho lokulwa umsebenzi unezela iqhaza nokubhonywa Libya ngo-2011, lapho Temphi Letitichumane siyiswe yehle ngo 45 phansi amatshe. Ukuze uthole udaba ezincane uchungechunge 21 iyunithi ekuhlaseleni lalibonisa ezinhle kakhulu ukulwa nakho.

Efingqa

Combat B-2 webhomu uMoya Stealth umlando indalo yayo kubonisa ukuthi yini ukukhiqiza izindiza. Naphezu hype obuningi, untwisted emhlabeni umqondo yokudala kundiza ongabonakali ukukhulula ekahle a indiza yokuthengisa ayiphumelelanga. Sverhdorogie ekuhlaseleni umonakalo ngaphezulu US Congress kuka abaphikisi bakhe. Okunamathiselwe billionths kwezimali kalungisiswa, kukhona kahle encane ngenxa yokukhula ubuchwepheshe obusha ukuthola umoya okuhloswe.

On elidabukisayo inothi umlando webhomu esilayidi akugcini, kuba ukuthi ayemakhulu amathemba ababenawo yokuthi emazweni amaningi kodwa ebafundisa ubuchwepheshe ezithile. Ngokusobala, kuba ukusetshenziswa okunengqondo, futhi enye into, ukuthi imiphumela utshalomali uhambisane etholwe.