NoHildegard of Bingen: Biography, uhlu imisebenzi

Hildergada kwaba abbess isiJalimane, Benedictines, main sezindela indela emfuleni Rhine. Umbhali imisebenzi ezingaqondakali, Motets nomculo. Kuyinto nje lidume ngokuthunga imisebenzi yakhe imithi futhi zezinkambi engamakhambi.

Ukuqala ukuphila futhi intsha

NoHildegard of Bingen wazalwa cishe ngo-1098, nakuba usuku oluqondile alwaziwa. Abazali bakhe babedabuka isimo laseJalimane Hesse. Lawa kwakungamadodana abameleli osesikhundleni esiphansi, uyise wayezimisele Count Maginhardu. Engenampilo kusukela ekuzalweni, noHildegard ngokwesiko kubhekwa ezinganeni eziyishumi, kakhulu ngokuvamile ogulayo. Njengoba intombazane Kwakubuhlungu, ngokuvamile Umenyiwe odokotela izindela wendawo. NoHildegard of Bingen, ogama biography akwaziwa ngokuningiliziwe, wahlala ngesikhathi sokudideka esabekayo medieval nezikhathi ezinzima.

chants

NoHildegard of Bingen - nombhali iculo eziningi zenkolo chants. Umsebenzi wakhe udunyiswa Lutheran ibandla. Hildegarde wathi: "Angithunyelwanga kwabanye wafundisa yinoma ubani, ngoba mina awukenzi notation emculweni noma iyiphi ingoma yokudumisa." Wathi eloba futhi ehlabelela ngoma kanye melody, abafisa ukukhazimulisa uNkulunkulu kanye nabangcwele bakhe.

Pesnopeniya ukuthi uye sakhiwa, emelelwe lutho noHildegard njengoba theophany ezikhathini ezithile noma sici ezingokwenyama phambi kukaNkulunkulu. Nsuku zonke, yena nodadewabo wayecula amahora lomthandazo futhi psalmody. Ngesisekelo service wasesontweni labo yesonto kaNkulunkulu, babeba khona "symphony of ngokuvumelana vulamehlo zasezulwini." Ingabe igama noHildegard wanika imisebenzi yakhe eziqoqiwe.

Ukuze noHildegard umculo liphuma cishe ezingeni amasakramente, eqondisa ukuphelela isihe waphezulu abahlabeleli kusendaweni abantu izikhathi lapho kuzwakala injabulo Blissful sengoma. Le ndela ubona ukuhlobana okuseduze phakathi ukuphindaphinda "umsebenzi kaNkulunkulu" (Opus Dei) njengengxenye yokuphila Izigodlo emva indlela St Benedict nokuzwana okuphakade ashukumisayo sokudalwa, ukugcinwa kanye ngcono izwe. A umlando olunzulu insindiso zaba isihloko esivelele eziningi imisebenzi yakhe, ezikulomdlalo izinkondlo ongokomfanekiso. Phela uma izwi likaNkulunkulu lithi uNkulunkulu wadala umhlaba ekuqaleni kwesikhathi, izwe laligxile ensimini yayo enhle, futhi amaqhinga ezinonya the devil kuthiwa sichithwe.

Nakuba kungenakwenzeka ukuba uphole ngokunembile zonke noHildegard komculo, kodwa kungenzeka ukuba singaphethi ngokuthi iningi labo basonta iminyaka cishe 1140-1160. Ngamunye yabhalwa izinsuku ezithile futhi emadilini ekhalendeni isonto. Isibalo esingaphezulu kwengxenye ukwakheka - antiphons; Uzindla ngala mavesi ayehlatshelelwa ngaphambi nangemva ngamunye amaHubo phakathi nomthandazo lezindela, khashana eyaziwa ngokuthi antiphons kukhanyiswe, angase abulawe ngokuhlukile zaso ezihlukahlukene, kuhlanganise mashi.

Kukhona nezinye izinhlobo zomculo, isibonelo, emavesini amaningi solo nese peniyami choral. Basuke ababulawa e umlindelo (ekuseni). Kukhona emaculweni okuyinto basuke ezihlatshelelwa ngezikhathi ezingafani phakathi iMisa yesigodlo; ukulandelanisa zomculo phakathi okuyinto sung alleluya Vangeli; IMisa, lapho esigaba ngayine inezidingo zayo Motifs Jikelele wayo namanothi, phakathi amavesi amabili.

imibono

Inganekwane ethile ithi indelakazi kusukela esemncane kakhulu imibono kanye maphupho. Hildegarde wathi wabona "emthunzini ukukhanya ephilayo" eneminyaka engu-iminyaka emithathu ngemva kweminyaka emihlanu athoma ukulemuka bona wazibonela imibono. Yena wasebenzisa igama elithi "Visio" futhi wavuma ukuthi yaba isipho kangangokuba akakwazanga ukuchaza kwabanye. NoHildegard Bingenskaya wachaza ukuthi yena akasiyo zonke izinto ekukhanyeni kukaNkulunkulu ngokungazi izinzwa ezinhlanu: emehlweni, ukuzwa, ukunambitheka, amaphunga bese uthinta. Wayemadolonzima ukwabelana nokuqonda abo, ewatshela kuphela indela abaphezulu. Kukho konke ukuphila kwakhe, yena kwakusadingeka eziningi izimpawu. Lapho ngineminyaka engu-iminyaka engu-42 noHildegard waba nombono ukuthi kubhekwe ukuthi ifunani esivela kuNkulunkulu, wanquma ukubhala phansi lokho enikubonile nenikuzwile.

ukuphila Izigodlo

Mhlawumbe ngenxa emibonweni noHildegard, noma njengendlela yokuthola lepolitiki abazali baye banikeza ukuthumela kuye ukuba Benedictine Isigodlo, wawakhiwe e Palatinate Ihlathi. Usuku kokuthola noHildegard esigodlweni sezindela akuyona ngokuqondile ezaziwayo. IziKronike bathi waqala sokuvuma isalukazi, Jutta, indodakazi Ukubala uStefanu II Sponhayma, eneminyaka engu-iminyaka eyisishiyagalombili. Esikhathini 1112-m, lapho Hildegarde kwaba nane, wathatha isifungo inkonzo futhi baqala ukuhlala nabanye abantu besifazane kusukela sezindela ngemvumo nesibusiso umbhishobhi.

Ngemva kokufa Jutta kakade 1136 noHildegard Enesikhathi akhethwe inkosi emphakathini-izindela yayo osebenza nabo. Hildegarde uthi ezincwadini zakhe ukuthi Jutta ayemfundisa ukufunda nokubhala, ngenxa yokuthi wayehlukile abangafundile ngakhoke wayengakwazi ukufunda ukutolika iBhayibheli. Kunoma ikuphi, noHildegard futhi Jutta babesebenza ndawonye Isigodlo futhi kwaba uSihlalo we umphakathi elandayo labesifazane, elikulo. Jutta wayebuye wemibono ngaleyo ndlela ukhangwa abalandeli abaningi.

lokusungula abbess

Le ndela idale wolimi lwaso, uyise ka-Esperanto, wayibiza ngokuthi ignota lingua, okuyinto uhumusha njengoba "ulimi olungaziwa". Kwawona nje umcabango incwadi ethize, nje ukuthuthukiswa yayo njengendlela umlobi noHildegard of Bingen. Incwadi, it is zihlose kakhulu ukuqonda isimo saphezulu. Ngokwesibonelo, umsebenzi wakhe "On the nemvelo kwangaphakathi lokudalwa zemvelo ezihlukahlukene" utshela indaba ukukhulelwa ephakathi nezwe nangendawo yonke. Baningi ukucabanga ngendaba le lokha nakethula noHildegard of Bingen. lokusungula yakhe is ebuswa uthando ngoNkulunkulu futhi amadoda.

ukuphulukiswa

Ngaphezu isiphiwo somculo, enomuzi umelaphi ithalente futhi lo dokotela. Izincwadi zakhe ku ukonakaliswa wasiza abaningi abagulayo. Ngokuyisisekelo zokupheka isithako nomuthi herbal and Iziphungo. Encwadini yakhe ethi "Physics" uchaza amakhambi, amaminerali, izihlahla, amatshe, nezilwane, izinsimbi izici alandisa zokwelapha kanye non-zokwelapha. Nun idume zokupheka okwelapha yemifino broths yayo.

Abaningi izincomo wezokwelapha noHildegard kuphela nokubaluleka okungokomlando, kodwa kukhona ulwazi kanye namathiphu ehambisana namuhla. Imisebenzi yakhe izingoma ezisetshenziswa ngodokotela futhi psychotherapists futhi manje angawokuphulukisa amanxeba angokomzwelo.

Ukufa bese ubhala phansi umlando

Septhemba 17, 1179, lapho ngosuku lokufa kwakhe, indela umangalele ukuthi sebebabonile ezimbili ukusakaza yokukhanya uvele esibhakabhakeni wawela egumbini lapho befa noHildegard of Bingen. Izibuyekezo nodade-izindela Besakhuluma ngomusa wakhe ezithandekayo kutidzela. Kuyinto phakathi namakhulu eminyaka akasilahlile umculo wakhe, amaqoqo tindzaba tekuticambela izincwadi zokwelapha.

Isebenza:

• "Yazi indlela";
• "The Book of the ngakhethi pilo";
• "Incwadi yendalo kaNkulunkulu 'futhi abanye manje ngiletheleni abantu ukukhanya ukholo.

NoHildegard of Bingen abagcotshwa abangcwele isonto Lutheran bahlonipha ebandleni amaProthestani. Wayehlala engamashumi ayisishiyagalombili nambili.