Employment - lokhu ... Employment Centre. Inqubomgomo isimo umsebenzi

Employment - ingenye izici kwezomnotho ezibaluleke kakhulu hhayi kuphela. Ngaphansi kwalesi sigaba, ungakwazi ahlulele inhlalakahle yabantu kwanoma yiliphi ilizwe. Kulesi ezingeni elilinganiselwe umsebenzi, okuyinto i kuyinkomba ebaluleke komnotho omkhulu.

Inchazelo

Employment - lo mkhuba uhlelo kwezenhlalo noma kwezomnotho. Kuyinto umsebenzi emphakathini ewusizo sabantu, ngenhloso elisemandleni ekuhlangabezaneni nezidingo zomphakathi futhi siqu, kanye nomholo (imali engenayo). Lenchazelo ukunika yonke eMthethweni? "Ngakolunye yokuqatjhwa Russian Federation". Le dokhumenti ebaluleke kwavunyelwana 19.04.1991, ngaphansi inombolo 1032-1.

Employment - kulesi sigaba futhi kwezomnotho. Kuyinto iqoqo ubudlelwano ezihlobene nemisebenzi lomtshikatshika izakhamuzi. Lesi sigaba kwezomnotho eveza degree of ukufakwa sabantu kumsebenzi emphakathini ewusizo. futhi kukhombisa isidingo izinkampani ngoba abasebenzi kukalwa khona imisebenzi adingekayo ukuze imali. Konke lokhu izikhundla ukuphakamisa okuqasha esinye sezici ezibaluleke kakhulu etimakethe.

Abanye abalobi ukunikeza enye incazelo kwethemu. Ngokombono wabo, umsebenzi sabantu - lena ipharamitha main adingekayo ukusebenza ezimakethe zabasebenzi. Kulokhu, it is a uhlobo oluthile ubuhlobo phakathi imvelo kwezomnotho kanye zomthetho zabantu. Futhi lokhu akumangalisi, ngoba umuntu uthola emsebenzini, kuhlanganise kule noma ukuthi ukubambisana zabasebenzi. Futhi kuze kube isikhathi lapho umsebenzi uhlala subsystem alikhethile emkhakheni kwezomnotho, kwezomnotho, lezi ubudlelwane siqhubeke kanjalo.

imikhakha abasebenzi

Umthetho "Ngo yokuqatjhwa Russian Federation" inikeza kungase kubhekwe incazelo yanoma yiziphi izakhamuzi wezwe njengoba kufakwe umsebenzi emphakathini ewusizo.

Laba ngabantu:
- ukusebenza ngaphansi kwezinkontileka zabasebenzi kanye nezinye isevisi noma umsebenzi babekwa ikhokhwe;
- ebhaliswe njengoba usomabhizinisi ngamunye;
- wahlanganyela zokudoba ezingama nokuthengisa imikhiqizo ngaphansi izivumelwano;
- kuqokwa, sivunyiwe noma abamiswe ukuba izikhundla ikhokhwe;
- enze izinhlobo ezahlukene imisebenzi ngokuvumelana izinkontileka komthetho we-civil noma i-copyright;
- Amalungu cooperatives (co-operatives);
- enkonzweni yezempi, okunye empini, ku Wezangaphakathi;
- abafundi ku neminyango esigcwele ezikhungweni zemfundo;
- okwesikhashana engekho emsebenzini ngenxa yokugula, iholide, ukubuthelwa empini, njll;..
- kukhona abahlanganyeli (abasunguli) nezinhlangano baye mayelana amalungelo yakamuva.

I nezidingo zomnotho emakethe

Kusukela nineties kwekhulu elidlule, Russia wenqabile zokuphatha-umyalo uhlobo lokuphatha. umnotho wayo kwaba ukuthuthela kwelinye umnotho emakethe, okuyinto edingekayo kwekuhlela kabusha ahlukahlukene. Hhayi sekudlule, futhi kwenkululeko umsebenzi. It izinguquko futhi eziningi ezenziwe. Ukuthuthukiswa ezintsha esekelwe nakho kakade yazuza mazwe asethuthukile. Waba yini umphumela walesi umsebenzi isibe isenzo zomthetho "On umsebenzi labantu WaseRussia", ukubonakalisa izimiso eziyisisekelo isimo kulolu daba. Eyokuqala wabo kuMtsetfosisekelo Russian. Ithi mayelana nemvelo yokuzithandela umsebenzi futhi ukutholakala ilungelo lezakhamuzi ngokukhululekile bachithe amakhono abo ngomsebenzi wokudala futhi ithele.

Umyalo wesibili izimiso babeka phansi komthetho umthwalo State ukudalwa izimo ezidingekayo emisebenzini futhi nokuzikhethela ngenkululeko izakhamuzi emsebenzini. Ngesikhathi izwe Ubuye ukuqinisekisa nonesithakazelo kanye kwamabhuku emininingwane isizwe. Lesi isimiso wesithathu umsebenzi. Ohulumeni kuwo wonke amazinga kufanele silwele ukungabheki ukungafani uqale esikhundleni uhulumeni isiqondiso izindlela, kanye kungaphazamisi emakethe ukuzithiba kule nsimu. Lokhu kumele kusetshenziswe amathuba zezimali off-isabelomali izimali, isabelomali, izinhlangano zomphakathi, amabhizinisi kanye izakhamuzi ngokwabo ukuze kuzuzwe ukusebenza kahle kwezenhlalo kanye nezomnotho yezinhlelo zikahulumeni zamukelwe. Lesi isimiso wesine kwenqubomgomo isimo ezingeni umsebenzi.

Izindlela amasu umsebenzi

Kunoma ngomgomo wokuqasha isimo kunqunywa ngokuyinhloko esabekwa imigomo yenkampani kanye nezinhloso. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izwe ngalinye angasebenzisa izindlela zabo ukuxazulula izinkinga kulesi sici. Ngakho, i-American imodeli ukukhululwa. Luhilela ukudalwa inani elikhulu imisebenzi, kusukela lapho abantu angadingi ukusebenza high, futhi imali abayitholayo ziphansi. emakethe okunjalo zabasebenzi wanelisa ingxenye enkulu izakhamuzi kwezomnotho. Ngokusemthethweni, lizinga lalabamnyama labangasebenti uphansi. Nokho, isibalo sabantu ngemali aphansi kakhulu anda.

Ngo ukusetshenziswa imodeli zaseScandinavia cishe bonke labantu enamandla kuyodingeka imisebenzi nemigomo eyanelisayo nemibandela ukukhokhelwa. Lokhu kungenzeka ukwakha inqwaba izikhala emkhakheni womphakathi. Nokho, enifeza le nqubomgomo igcwele ukuvela izingcindezi inflation kanye Ukuwohloka yengcebo.

Lapho edala inombolo imodeli European sabantu baqashwe kuyehla nge ukwanda umkhiqizo kanye nokungena kwemali yabasebenzi. Eqhuba inqubomgomo enjalo kumele kusekelwe uhlelo ezibizayo izinzuzo ze-ezilokhu zanda labantu abangasebenzi.

Izinhlobo ngomgomo wokuqasha

Emkhakheni wezingalo umsebenzi yezakhamizi zakuleliya lizwe njengoba isimo angafeza kokubili imisebenzi yekwentiwa. Eyokuqala yalezi kuhilela izinyathelo okuhloswe ngayo ukugqugquzela umsebenzi. inqubomgomo Active kuhlanganisa izinyathelo ukuze kuvinjelwe nokudilizwa nasekusindiseni imisebenzi, okwandisa labantu ziqu kanye ukuqeqeshwa, inhlangano imisebenzi ehlukahlukene yomphakathi, usekelo izinkampani ezizimele, nokunye. D. Konke lokhu kusiza ukwehlisa izinga lokuntuleka kwemisebenzi ezweni.

isimo akuthathi namagadango wokuthuthukisa omsebenzi izinqubomgomo yekwentiwa. It kuphela ilandelela emibi ezenzeka emazingeni lasetulu ekungasebenti. Isimo okhokhela izinzuzo izakhamuzi abangasebenzi futhi ahlinzeke izinsizakalo ukuze ukwazi ukukhetha kahle emisebenzini. Kuze kube yimanje, izwe ihlelwe ngu Amahhovisi umsebenzi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, phakathi inqubomgomo yokwenziwa, isimo silungiselela sokuthatha umhlalaphansi singakashayi isikhathi. Liphinde lunikeze ukusekela ngokwezimali, noma e-nomusa abangasebenzi.

Emazweni athuthukile nge emphakathini ngamakhasimende emakethe umnotho, kukhona, njengoba umthetho, inqubomgomo esebenzayo yokuqashwa izakhamuzi. Isimo uzibophezele ekuqinisekiseni ukuthi:
- umsebenzi kwaba kuwo wonke umuntu ofuna ke;
- Umsebenzi owenziwayo at the ningi NEMPUMELELO NGAPHAKATHI ezingeni;
- Kukhona inkululeko yokuzikhethela emsebenzini.

Ukuphumelelisa izinhloso

Ukuze umcako izinyathelo ngempumelelo kuqaliswe ukusebenza kwenqubomgomo emkhakheni umsebenzi wezakhamuzi, kubalulekile ukuba acabangele ezingeni komqondo nezinga lokukhula kwengane nezomnotho kuleli zwe. Esinye isici esibalulekile ukuxazulula izinkinga umsebenzi kuyoba ekubumbaneni lokhu mkhuba ngesinqumo izinkinga ezihlukahlukene zezomnotho nezenhlalo.

Yeka indlela okumelwe ayinyuse echaza umsebenzi sabantu? Sebenza ukuthuthukisa lesi sibalo ngekusebentisa emasu ukuthi ziyavumelana umkhuba nemibandela kazwelonke.

izindlela Oku-athuthukile kufanele njalo esihlelwe ngaphakathi kohlaka inqubomgomo yezenhlalakahle nezomnotho. Kulokhu, zonke izinqumo emkhakheni umsebenzi kudinga isinyathelo hhayi kuphela nguhulumeni. Izinyathelo kule isiqondiso ezidingekayo kubaqashi bazo futhi kusukela abasebenzi.

Iziphathimandla ukukhuthaza umsebenzi

Ngo-1991, i-Federal Employment Service yasungulwa ngo labantu Russian Federation. Kuze kube manje, ukuphathwa ehlangene yezwe yokuqashwa izakhamuzi bekwi-Ministry of Labour and Social Development yeRussia. It yadalwa 1996 umthetho ngesikhathi esifanayo ezintathu nje ejensi nomphakathi:

- Ministry of nemisebenzi yezenhlalakahle. Ukuvikelwa sabantu.
- woMnyango wezemiSebenzi.
- Federal Employment Service.

Kulo mnyango osanda kumiswa icala ukukhiqizwa inqubomgomo isimo umsebenzi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-Ministry of Labour and wezeNhlakahle ilawula lonke uhlelo imisebenzi yokuqatjhwa ngokusebenzisa amahhovisi ezifunda.

Umsebenzi oyinhloko indikimba ebusayo wukuthuthukisa kanye uxhaso ngokwengeziwe emkhakheni kwezinhlelo zokuqashwa, amazinga kanye nezinhloso ngekubambisana lokusondzelene amahhovisi ezifunda. Lo msebenzi kuhloswe ivikela labantu uma elahlekelwe umsebenzi.

amasevisi lesifunda ngokuqondile subordinated ukuba woMnyango wezemiSebenzi wezenhlalakahle. Liqondisa umsebenzi izinhlaka igunya, ibekwe ngqo emhlabathini. Kulokhu, umthwalo amasevisi lesifunda zihlanganisa:
- ukuhlela;
- ukufundiswa;
- ngezimali;
- control.

Endaweni Employment Service is run by Iziphathimandla zesifunda kulo mkhakha, ukuqhuba zokufinyelela emphakathini ngqo. Lilele imisebenzi yabo yansuku zonke.

imisebenzi yen

Izakhamizi abafisa ukuthola umsebenzi ofanele, kufanele zisebenze isikhungo umsebenzi edolobheni yabo noma umzana. Lena a iziqephu kwesakhiwo Ministry of Labour and wezokuThuthukiswa koMphakathi, ngeke ukunikeza iseluleko futhi wazise mayelana izikhala etholakalayo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, isikhungo umsebenzi uyoba eziningana kwamanye amasevisi. Phakathi kwabo:

- nokukhokhwa imali namarhubhelo wokungasebenzi;
- ngeensetjenziswa nesizo ngokwengqondo ukuze abangasebenzi, kanye namalungu abo engaphansi umndeni.

MNS ukuxazulula imisebenzi emikhulu emine. Ziyakwazi:
- zokuvikeleka komphakathi izakhamuzi abangasebenzi;
- nokuqeqeshwa kumakhono;
- ukwenza kube lula umsebenzi;
- nokunikeza ulwazi ku emisebenzi izikhala.

Iziqondiso MNS imisebenzi

Isimo yiliphi izwe uhlela futhi silawule isimo umsebenzi izakhamuzi zakhona. Russian Federal Employment Service lucwaningo nemisebenti lehlose:

- ukubikezela ukuthuthukiswa kanye nokuhlaziywa ezingeni yokuqashwa;
- eminye ukuthuthukiswa nokuqaliswa izinhlelo ezibhekele amazinga kahulumeni kanye indawo, ngenhloso okuyinto - ukukhuthaza umsebenzi walabo izakhamuzi abasengozini incwadi yokuxoshwa futhi uhlangabezana nobunzima ekutholeni umsebenzi;
- inhlangano isiqondiso sokufundela, ukuqeqeshwa kanye ukuphinda uqeqesho abangasebenzi.

Lo msebenzi uhlelekile futhi kwenziwe ngaphansi kweso kuziphathimandla ezifanele federal, okuyinto uMnyango Employment. He is ngaphakathi amandla akhe kudala futhi yengamela inkonzo indawo.

UMnyango Employment kufanele:
- ukuze uhlaziye isimo lesifunda izimakethe zabasebenzi, futhi ukuthuthukisa ezihlukahlukene izinyathelo ukuze kuvinjelwe noma ukunciphisa imiphumela emibi nokudilizwa mass;
- ukuhlela umsebenzi irejista abangasebenzi futhi bayawasiza umsebenzi esikhathini esizayo;
- lokuqoka futhi ukhokhe namarhubhelo wokungasebenzi bhalisiwe izakhamuzi zabo;
- ukuhlinzekela iziqinisekiso isimo izakhamuzi;
- ukuhlela umsebenzi noma ubani ongena umzimba indawo kohlelo, ezifana uhulumeni emisebenzini futhi uMnyango isiFunda SA kamasipala;
- ungangena ezivumelwaneni izikhungo zemfundo nokuqeqeshwa professional abangasebenzi;
- kwenyuswe ukuthuthukiswa kwamabhizinisi amancane.

Ukuthuthukisa tinhlelo tekufinyelela ebantfwini,

emizimbeni Wendawo ka namasevisi okuqasha ezisebenza ngokuhambisana nohlelo federal, esihlinzeka usizo umsebenzi wezakhamuzi. Umsebenti wabo oyinhloko e lokhu ukuphungula kungevani kahle kutenhlalo ezifundeni waseRussia. Lokhu inhloso kufinyelelwa ukuthuthukiswa a nezimo izimakethe zabasebenzi, ngokuletha ukulingana iziphakamiso zomsebenzi futhi abasebenzi abangasebenzi, nekwenyusa emazinga ekusebenta nokunye. D. Ngakho kukhona ngcono okuqhubekayo kwezindlela kanye namafomu umsebenzi labantu.

Ngokwesibonelo, umsebenzi labantu eMoscow namanye amadolobha ozama ukuthumela kusebenze isiteshi esizimele search emisebenzi izakhamuzi, thintana Center MNS. Ukuze wenze lokhu, abasebenzi service bakwenze kokuqhuba iqembu Ukwelulekwa izingxoxo.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, umsebenzi wezakhamuzi neqhaza nesiteleka esiqhubeka "umsebenzi SMME", "Amabhange uqhube amaklayenti", "umsebenzi amakilabhu", nezinye izinhlelo eziningi.