Emizimbeni Collective - Iyini?

Izinhlobo ezahlukene zezakhiwo zenhlangano emisebenzini yazo yansuku zonke zingenza ukuphathwa okuhlangene. Ukuze kube njalo, imizimba yokuphatha iqoqo yenziwa - lokhu kungaba imikhandlu ehlukahlukene noma amakhomishana, kanye namakomidi aqeqeshiwe. Lezi kolishi zihlala unomphela noma zesikhashana, zinamazinga ahlukene wegunya, zihlukile esimeni futhi zenza imisebenzi ehlukahlukene yenhlangano. Ngokuvamile, lezi zidumbu zinikwe amandla okwenza izinqumo ezithile, kuye ngokuthi izinga labo lobuchwepheshe, zingaziphatha kanjani noma zibeke umqondisi ophethe. Ngokuvamile, amakolishi anjalo enza imisebenzi yokweluleka, ahlinzeke ikhanda ngezahlulelo ezizwakalayo ezindabeni ezihlukahlukene.

Umqondo wokusebenzisana

Igama elithi "ukusebenzisana" livela kwi-Latin word collegium, okuhunyushwa ngokuthi "ukubambisana." Ukuhlangana komphakathi kubonakala kuzinhlangano ezihlukahlukene zezebhizinisi nezentengiselwano, izakhiwo ezehlukene zombuso, kuhlanganise namagunya ezomthetho, ezomthetho nezombusazwe, amaqembu ezombangazwe futhi zibonakalisa njengengxoxo ehlanganyelwe yiqembu labamele, elandelwa yisinqumo esithathwe emibono naseziphakamisweni.

UMkhandlu wesigungu sabantu abenza izinqumo ezinjalo ubizwa ngokuthi "i-collegium" noma "umhlangano ohlanganyelwe". Amakholeji anquma ngezinkinga ezihlukahlukene (imisebenzi ethile, ukusebenzisana komsebenzi, ukuqeda izinkinga) emhlanganweni weqembu labakhomishana noma izikhulu.

Yonke imihlangano yokuphatha iqoqo lenhlangano kufanele ihlelwe ngokuqinile: kuyadingeka ukuba ube nedokhumenti ekudalweni kwayo kanye nemithethonqubo ku-collegium, kanye nabasebenzi bokuphatha, equkethe unobhala nosihlalo. Cishe zonke imihlangano yemizimba ibhaliwe kule protocol. Ukuze uqalise imisebenzi yamanje yebhodi, uhlelo oluthile lwakhiwe futhi luvunyiwe. Emibhalweni yokuphatha yomzimba ohlangene nazo zonke izinhlobo zezinqumo nezinqumo.

Isizinda semlando

Isidingo sokuvela kwamagumbi okuqeqesha kwaba ngokomlando afakwe izici ezilandelayo:

• Kudingeka ukulawula abamele igatsha eliphezulu;
• Ukucabangela izithakazelo zamalungu onke ahlangene;
• Kudinga amandla wezokwehlulela nezomthetho;
• Ukunciphisa ingozi yephutha ezinqumweni ezenziwe;
• Ukwethulwa kwesipiliyoni samanje nolwazi oluphambili.

Iziphathimandla ze-Collegial ziphikisana nokuphathwa komuntu oyedwa, okusetshenziselwa ukukhipha isici somuntu.

Kuqinisekiswa ngokusemthethweni ukuthi ikolishi yokuqala yilawo mantji, owavela ekhulwini le-4 BC eRoma lasendulo. Ngalomantji, amakolishi wabantu abayishumi asungulwa - decemvirs, enegunya lesishayamthetho. Ukwakhiwa kwalesi sikhungo kwakuyisinqumo esinqumayo esithathwe ukucabangela izithakazelo zazo zonke izigaba zomphakathi.

Inqubomgomo yeqembu lamaKhomanisi weSoviet Union yayibuye ihlose ekudaleni amakolishi ngemithwalo yemfanelo kuphela. Ngokombono we-V.I. Ulyanov (uLenin), le nhlanganisela yenza njengesiqinisekiso sokungabikho indlela yokuziphendulela nokuvimbela ukutholakala kwamaphutha, ukusebenzisa ulwazi olutholakalayo nolwazi lwabo bonke abantu abahlanganyela ekuxoxweni kanye nokuzibophezela okuphelele kwabamele abenza isinqumo esihlangene.

Izinhlobo zemizimba yokuqeqesha

Amaqembu abahlanganyeli emhlanganweni angaphatha isakhiwo senhlangano noma enze noma yimaphi imisebenzi yokuphatha kuwo. Ngokusekelwe enjongweni yayo, izinhlangano eziphathekayo zokuphatha zenhlangano zihlukaniswe zaba yeluleki, ukuphathwa kanye nokuphatha.

Ukucebisa

Kulawulo lukahulumeni, izinhlangano zokubonisana zivame ukutholakala, ezibandakanya amakomidi omphakathi, amakomidi kanye nemikhandlu. Ububanzi bemisebenzi ebhekwe yile mihlangano kuhlanganisa ukuxoxa ngezinketho zokuphatha amasu, ukuphakamisa imibuzo nokukhetha ikhambi elihle, ukucwaninga nokuhlaziya izinkinga, bese ufuna indlela yokuphuma.

Ukuhlangana komphakathi kulokhu kudlala indima ebalulekile: kuvumela ukucabangela umbono welungu ngalinye emphakathini, ukuhlanganisa ulwazi nolwazi oluhlangene, ukutadisha zonke izinhlobo ze-nuances zenkinga ngokuthembela ezithakazelweni zommeleli ngamunye. Kodwa naphezu kokuthi ukucubungulwa kwazo zonke izinkinga kanye nokuthuthukiswa kwezincomo kusebenzelana nokubunjwa komzimba wokuphatha ohlangothini, isinqumo sokugcina sinikezwe inhloko yesikhungo.

Izilawuli

Bonke abamele umkhandlu wokuphatha banamalungelo alinganayo namalungelo ekuhlaziyeni izinkinga ngaphakathi kwamakhono alo mhlangano. Izinqumo zaleli bhodi ziphoqelekile kuwo wonke amalungu enhlangano. Kodwa ngisho nangenhlangano enjalo, ukwakheka kwebhodi kuhlanganisa nomuntu ongumqondisi jikelele, obhekene nokuphoqeleka ukuthi aphendule emzimbeni wokuphatha futhi abe ngaphansi kwakhe ngokugcwele.

Ngokuvamile, imizimba enjalo ilawula lesi sikhungo ezingeni eliphakeme (isibonelo, umhlangano wabasunguli bezakhi zokwakha). Amakholeji anjalo angabheka izinkinga ezingeni lomhlaba wonke, kuze kube sekuqedeni nokuhlelwa kabusha kwebhizinisi.

Isikhulu

Zonke izikhungo zokuphatha eziphezulu (abangashadile, abaqoqeshane nabo) benza imisebenzi yokusebenza yokuphathwa komphakathi wezomnotho.

Abahlanganyeli bendikimba yokuqeqesha eholwa yiqembu elilodwa elilawulayo elilodwa liqondisa ngqo inhlangano. Umqondisi jikelele akanalo igunya lokwenza izinqumo, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi ibhodi eliphethe.

Umkhandlu oyedwa oyedwa kufanele usebenze ngenhlangano encike kumthetho wayo, unelungelo lokuxazulula zonke izindaba ezihamba ngaphesheya kwamandla ezinye izinhlaka zeziko.

Isibonelo sendikimba ebusayo yiBhodi labaqondisi. Leli qembu lokuphatha le nkampani lisetshenziselwa izinhlangano zezohwebo, izinkampani ezinkulu zezimboni, ukukhathazeka nezinye izakhiwo zebhizinisi. Uxazulula izinkinga zokuphepha kwezezimali, ukuthengwa nokuthengiswa kwamasheya, okwamanje futhi unikeza ukulawula ukusebenza kwamanje kwebhizinisi.

Ngokuvamile, kuye ngokuthi uhlobo lomzimba ohlangene, ukukhetha kokugcina kwesinqumo kuthathwa ngokuvota noma kuphela ngekhanda. Indlela yokusebenzisana - iseluleko noma isinqumo esinqunyiwe - sinqunywa izenzo zomthetho ezilawulwa ezakhiweni zombuso noma nge-charter ezinhlanganweni.

I-Collegium Yokuphatha Kahulumeni

Izinhlaka zombuso wezokuphatha zinikwa amandla omphakathi, ziyizikhungo zezombusazwe ezizimele ezinomthelela othile futhi zinikwe amandla ombuso. Zenza izenzo zomthetho eziphoqeleka. Umbutho oqoqeshwe ohlangothini olujwayelekile olawula ukuphathwa komphakathi kufanele uqinisekise ukuthi ukubhekwa kokusebenza kwezinqumo ezithathwe futhi, uma kungalaleli, kusebenza izigwebo kubantu abahlukumezayo. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, imisebenzi yezinsiza zombuso ngokucacile ikhawulelwe emkhakheni wekhono layo, elawulwa yizenzo zomthetho ezilawulwayo, ezingenalo ilungelo lokudlula.

Izici eziyinhloko zikahulumeni zihlanganisa:

• Amandla emandla kahulumeni;
• Ukuba yilungu lezinsiza zombuso;
• Ukuqaliswa kwemisebenzi nezinhloso egameni lezwe;
• Umyalelo wezemfundo ngokucacile ochazwe yimithetho kahulumeni;
• Ukuhlukaniswa okucacile kwesakhiwo kanye nezinga elithile lekhono;
• Ukuziphendulela kumbuso ngomsebenzi wabo;
• Ukuqaliswa kokuphathwa;
• Ukuqaliswa kwemisebenzi yemishini yokuphatha nokuphatha.

Izinhlobo zekholeji zombuso

Izakhiwo zikaHulumeni zihlukaniswe ngamagatsha amaningana, futhi, futhi, afaka amakholeji athile.

1. Amandla aphezulu abhekene nokutholakala kwamakholeji alandelayo:

• Umkhandlu kaMasipala - wasungulwa ukuze usebenzise ubunikazi bendawo;
• UMkhandlu WeziNgqongqoshe - owasungulwa ngokufana neKhabinethi yeSoviet;
• Umkhandlu wenkonzo;
• IKhabhinethi yabaNgqongqoshe yiyona eyinhlangano ephakeme yokuphatha ohulumeni .

Kuye ngokuthi isimo sinikwe amandla, izindikimba eziphezulu ziyizinhlobo ezilandelayo:

• Amakhono e-interbranch enza imisebenzi ejwayelekile kuzo zonke izigaba zokuphatha (uMnyango Wezomnotho we-Russian Federation);
• Amaqembu ajwayelekile, afaka ukuphathwa kwamabhizinisi aseRussian Federation kanye nohulumeni abaphatha indawo engaphansi futhi baqinisekise ukuthuthukiswa komphakathi kanye nezomnotho;
• Imikhakha yekhono lomkhakha elawula amanye amagatsha angaphansi (uMnyango wezeMpilo we-Russian Federation).

2. Amandla omthetho, acabangela ubuzwe bawo, afaka phakathi izinhlangano ezilawulayo. Lezi yizi:

• Umhlangano womhlangano kazwelonke kwamanye amazwe;
• ISenate;
• IPhalamende.

3. Ukwakhiwa kwezikhali zamandla okugwetshwa kuhlanganisa:

• I-Supreme Qualification Board yamajaji, ecatshangelwa ukuthi ivela ezweni elithile.
• UMkhandlu oPhakeme wezobuLungiswa.

4. Izigungu ezibusayo zakwa-collegial zihlanganisa namakholeji adalwe ukusebenzisana kwezifunda eziningana emkhakheni wezingxoxo zezombusazwe phakathi kwamazwe, isibonelo iNorth Atlantic Council - i-NATO Collegium.

Collegium Ltd.

Umqulu wezinkampani ungahlinzekela ukwakhiwa kwe-collegium yezinkampani ezinomthwalo wemali elinganiselwe (lokhu kungaba ibhodi labaqondisi noma ibhodi lokuqondisa) ngesabelo esilandelayo sokulawula imisebenzi yezinhlaka eziphezulu kanye nezinye izinyathelo kuwo. Kodwa-ke, ukudalwa komzimba ohlangene akuyona into ebalulekile yokuba khona kwenhlangano.

Ngo-Nombolo 312-FZ kaDisemba 30, 2008, ikhono lomkhandlu wokuphatha ohlangene we-LLC usemthethweni, elihlanganisa:

• Ukulawulwa kwemisebenzi yenhlangano;
• Ukwakhiwa kwezinhlaka eziphezulu zezikhungo, ukuqedwa kwamandla abo nokudluliselwa kwamalungelo e-IP noma inhlangano;
• Ukunqunywa kwenani lemali eziqondene nezihloko zesakhiwo esiphezulu senkampani;
• Ukwamukelwa kwemabhuku, ukubalwa kwenani lokukhokhwa kwemisebenzi yomcwaningi wamabhuku;
• Ukucubungula nokwamukelwa kwemibhalo yangaphakathi;
• Ukusungulwa kwamagatsha namahhovisi amele;
• Ukuhlaziywa kwezinkinga ngokuvunywa kokuthengiswa kwezohwebo, kuhlanganise nezinkulu;
• Ukuxazulula izinkinga zokulungiselela nokuqhuba umhlangano ohlanganyelwe kuwo wonke amalungu esikhungo;
• Ezinye izindaba ezingekho ngaphansi komthamo wezomthetho wezinhlangano eziphezulu kanye nomhlangano jikelele wamalungu onke esikhungo.

Ngokusho komthetho uNombolo 99-FZ, imisebenzi ethile engaxazululwa ezingeni lomhlangano jikelele ingathunyelwa ingxoxo yi-collegium. Okungafani nomthetho yilokhu: ukuchitshiyelwa komthetho, ukuvunyelwa kwemibhalo engekho, ukukhushulwa kwenani eligunyaziwe ngenxa yokukhishwa kwezimali ezivela ngaphandle, ukwakheka kwamanye amabandla okuphatha, ukukhishwa kwamabhizinisi.

Umbutho oqoqeshwe ngokugcwele, olawula inkampani, unikeza ababambiqhaza kule nhlangano ikholomu amalungelo alandelayo:

• Ukuthola ulwazi ngemisebenzi yesikhungo, ukufinyeleleka okungenamkhawulo kwezimali kanye neminye imibhalo;
• Ukuthengiselana okunzima okwenziwa yinkampani ngesisekelo se-Federal Law on LLCs noma i-Article 174 ye-Civil Code ye-Russian Federation;
• Isimangalo sokukhokhelwa kokulahlekelwa okubangelwa yinhlangano ngokuhambisana ne-Article 53.1 ye-Civil Code ye-Russian Federation.

Inani labahlanganyeli ezindikimbeni eziphezulu akufanele lidlule ingxenye yesine yamalungu omhlangano ohlangene. Izikhungo zokuphatha eziphezulu ze-Collegial zingakhetha inhloko yabo, kepha, nakuba kunjalo, abanalo ilungelo lokubamba umhlangano ohlangene wokuqoqa.

Amakolishi amabutho ahlomile

Uma ucabanga ukuthi ungumuntu othile, izinhlangano ezilulekayo zinikezwa:

• Inhlonipho yesikhulu senkantolo, inhloso yayo ingaqondwa egameni - yenzelwe ukuvikela isithunzi samaphoyisa;
• Umkhandlu wamasosha - igama linemvelaphi yomlando.

Emabuthweni ahlomile kukhona neminyango yokuphatha. Isibonelo nguMnyango Wezokuvikela we-Russian Federation.

Isimiso sokuphatha amabutho ahlomile kuwo wonke amazwe sisekelwe ekuphathweni komuntu oyedwa - imihlangano ibanjelwa ngomhlangano futhi unomlingiswa wokuncoma. Ukuze uxoxisane nesimo kanye nokwenza ama-oda wokulwa, ucabangela umbono wabo bonke abaphathi bamayunithi, imihlangano yabasebenzi ihlelwe emazingeni ahlukene okubunjwa namaqembu ezempi.

Kunezikhathi lapho isikhundla se-collegium sinquma ukuphathwa kwekhanda elilodwa. Isibonelo, enkantolo yesikhulu sehlonipho, imibono yomlawuli kamasipala ayithinti isinqumo esiphezulu samalungu omhlangano, inhloko ingabhena kuphela.

Ukuphathwa Kwezemfundo

Ngokwe-Article 26 ye-Federal Law No. 273, inhlangano yezemfundo kufanele ilawulwe ngumqondisi-umqondisi oyedwa, umphathi noma u-rector. Ekupheleni kwalo mthetho, iziphathimandla zezemfundo ezihlanganyelwe zichazwa, ezihlukaniswe ngokuzikhethela futhi eziphoqelekile.

Phakathi kokulawula okuyisisekelo kukhona:

• IBhodi lama-Trustees, elilawula ukusetshenziswa kwemali yezimali;
• IBhodi lokuPhatha - iBhodi lokulawula nokusebenzisa imisebenzi yokuphatha;
• Ibhodi elibusayo elinabantwana labafundi kanye nezinqumo ezamukelayo ezibophezela ekuphathweni kwesikhungo.

Umkhandlu wokulawulwa kwabafundi oqoqeshwe ngumkhandlu wabafundisi , ohlangene nabafundisi, abathatha izinqumo ezindabeni zamanje zezenzo zesikhungo ngokujwayelekile kanye nenhlangano yezemfundo, ikakhulukazi ngekhwalithi yolwazi lwabafundi kanye nokuthuthukiswa kweziqu zabafundisi. Futhi kufakwe lapha umhlangano wabasebenzi bezinhlangano, uxoxisana nezindaba zomsebenzi, ezemisebenzi nezomnotho ezihlobene nobuhlobo bomsebenzi-boss.

AmaKholeji kwezinye izindawo zomsebenzi

Amanye amakolishi awakho ngokugcwele ngesimo somzimba wokuphatha. Wonke ama-workshops abanjwe njengadingekile ukuxazulula imisebenzi ethile.

Esimweni sokunakekelwa kwezempilo, izitho zokuqeqesha zikahulumeni yimikhandlu, okuyiqoqo odokotela ekuxilongweni nasekuphatheni isiguli ngasinye kumacala aphikisanayo.

Kukhona neziphathimandla zenkolo:

• Umkhandlu we-Ulema ungumhlangano wamalungu amaSulumane athi unamandla okuxazulula izinkinga zezefundisi, kodwa futhi ukusebenza njengesakhiwo samandla somthetho;
• I-Conclave, eqoqwe eSontweni LamaKatolika evela kuma-cardinal ekhetho likaPapa.

Ezinhlotsheni ezahlukene zezemidlalo, ukwahlulelwa kokusebenza kwabagijimi kwenziwa ngebhodi lezinkantolo (noma iqembu le-artificial).

Kufinyeta, singasho ukuthi endikimbeni ebusayo collective yilona qembu labantu, benawo athile kuze nezindaba ezinekhono lazo. Kuye enqunyiwe kulo mthetho-sisekelo lesikhungo ezifana College, izincomo kungenzeka i sokweluleka noma esibophezelayo. ifomu elifanele of collegiality lusetshenziswa iziphakamiso ezithile ukuze abaphathi abaphezulu. Ifomu juqu sifaka collective ukuphila kwenziwa isinqumo kungakhathaliseki womhlangano.

Collegium atholakala cishe kuyo yonke imikhakha yomsebenzi we umphakathi wesintu. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi ama-co-nezindaba kunezinzuzo eziningi, ukuvumela ukuba acabangele izithakazelo zonke abamele, kanye nokunciphisa ingozi amaphutha, okuyinto kuholela jikelele ukusebenza kanye nokwethulwa ngokuyiko kwezinhlelo inkinga isixazululo.