Italy: Lombardy futhi Umqhele amaLombard

AmaLombard (Latin. Langobardi) ngokwezwi nezwi lisho ukuthi eside darnel.

Lombard izwi e nencazelo yalo yokuqala yakhe ekude kakhulu umqondo wegama elithi "Ukubeka into ebizayo ithemba ke njalo ukusihlenga." Leli gama libizwa French semi zasendle, abanolaka, amadoda eside darnel wegazi German. Long-darnel - ngesiLatini, ngeke Langobardi - amaLombard. The French wababiza amaLombard.

Isifundazwe Italy, lapho ekuqaleni ixazululwe amaLombard, futhi kamuva waziwa ngokuthi Lombardy. A amaLombard, abomdabu of esifundazweni waseLombardy ngemva kokubhujiswa Knights Templar ngasekuqaleni XIV ekhulwini (indawo engcwele akukaze kube nalutho), wahlanganyela ibhizinisi yasebhange. Kubandakanya wanika ukubolekisa kuvikelwe ubucwebe kanye nezinye izinto eziyigugu. Yingakho Lombard.

AmaLombard yahlasela enyakatho ye-Italy ngekhulu VI. Umholi wabo abanegunya wasebukhosini Alboin. Eminyakeni emibili ngaphambi kwalokho, wayinqoba Gepids, omunye nabantu baseJalimane, owakhuluma amaLombard ngolimi olufanayo. Alboin isandla abulawa inkosi yabantwana Gepids Cunimund. Kusukela ugebhezi isitha sakhe, wazenzela nendebe yewayini, wathatha indodakazi yakhe abe ngumkakhe. umakoti Bengathokozile wabizwa ngokuthi Rosamond.

Monk Sigebert ka Gembloux, a Umlobi womlando ephakathi, uchaza lesi simo:

Alboin kanye wamnika indebe, wathi: "Yiba isiphuzo noyise," intukuthelo owesifazane yavutha, futhi benza kanjalo, wabulawa embhedeni wakhe, Squire.

Futhi Pavel Diakon, umthombo esiyinhloko umlando amaLombard, kunikeza eminye imininingwane:

Ngemva yabulala uyise Rosamunde, Alboin ngaphambilini ukwenza inkomishi ugebhezi lwakhe. Futhi uma ayesebenzelana ukweyisa ofayo Rosamund, imuphoqe ukuphuza ugebhezi kayise. Sasizimisele aphinde aziphindiselele, Rozmunda badlulisela icala ayephelezelwa bobukhosi Helmegisu ukuthi cishe lover wakhe. Nokho, wesaba ukuba ahambe yedwa futhi babekulungele ukusisiza Peder, uyindoda enamandla. Peder wenqaba ukusiza icebo, kodwa Nokho, ngakusasa ebusuku ngephutha walala Rosamund, ningadli ke intombi yakhe. Lapho ufunda iphutha lakhe, wavuma iqhaza ngesakhiwo, engesabi ulaka lwenkosi. Ngosuku olulandelayo, Rosamund ngaphambilini emhlabeni esigodlweni sokuthula phakathi ntambama isihlwathi Alboin. Futhi lapho, walala ubuthongo, inkemba yakhe iboshelwe embhedeni ake nababulali. Lapho Alboin ephaphama, wabona ababulali, sesigxavuna ngenkemba, kodwa akakwazanga yiphathe, njengoba Rosamund ngabophela inkemba embhedeni wakhe. Wazama ukuvikela isenabelo, kodwa amabutho akulingani, futhi wabulawa yena. Alboin wangcwatshwa esigodlweni sakhe futhi amaLombard walilela ngokudlula kwakhe emhlabeni.

Ukubulala Alboin futhi anikele isiphuzo "noyise" kwaba nezihloko nomusa kubaculi.

AmaLombard langena e-Italy ngo-569 ngesikhathi esifushane, amaLombard yanqoba cishe zonke enyakatho futhi enkabeni ye-Italiya. Amadolobha esasisiza amaLombard ukumelana, antshontsha, kuyilapho umuzi iqaphele igunya amaLombard, abephule. Ngo 572, ngemva kokuvinjezelwa iminyaka emithathu amaLombard ethumba Pavia futhi wenze inhloko-dolobha esimweni sazo. Pavia kuphela kusukela emadolobheni wamelana amaLombard, sasingawohloki, njengoba kwenza izazi-mlando ephakathi, kuphela ngokusebenzisa lokulabhela saphezulu.

AmaLombard nabantu bendawo emishadweni akuveli futhi akuhlangani nabo. AmaLombard acabanga bona ukuthi bangamaKristu, kodwa ngisho nangaphambi ayehlasela Italy yawela Arian, kanye nezakhamuzi zendawo babengamaKatolika. Wopapa, futhi, is ukuba amaKatolika eyaziwa, ikakhulukazi maqondana amaLombard akazange asebenzise futhi ngaphoxeka, ivezwa ngendlela kokulunyulwa amazwe. Khona-ke kusobala kufanele baphenduke futhi babe amaKatolika ezinhle, kodwa umama nobaba akazange adele ukulinga igelezé.

Step by step, amaLombard bend ngaphansi kwakhe iningi Italy zamanje, kokushiya opapa endaweni encane maphakathi nhlonhlo. Osukwini lwethu lokhu insimu yona isiqephu sendawo okuthiwa i-Vatican.

Lombard umbuso ngokumangalisayo, ushonele endaweni isiqongo amandla okubusa. Ngesikhathi iFrance wokubusa uCharles I, eyaziwa ngokuthi noCharlemagne thina kangcono eyaziwa ngokuthi Karl Veliky. Njengoba ukumelana amaLombard e-United kapapa laqhubeka lenyuka kuphela, uPapa Adrian ngiyazindla uCharles, nabo ukuthi kukhona okunjengemiqhele efana ebunganini nanyana ekuhlobaneni.

Ukuze kungalungile ukusho ukuthi kwakunomuntu wesifazane abathintekayo futhi. UCharlemagne ekuqaleni sengathi washada indodakazi zokugcina Lombard yinkosi. Kodwa-ke, Angazi ukuthi kungani, wayithumelela emuva kuyise, futhi wathatha umfazi. Desiderius, zinyanga Lombard yinkosi, wacasula futhi, ngokuvumelana run ke logic isibe phansi uPapa. Wasetshibilikela lowo ngaleso sikhathi kwakuwukuthola ebanda kunazo.

Ngo 774 Karl Veliky ochotshoziwe Lombard umbuso, futhi nawo Iron Umqhele amaLombard. Lokhu umqhele - into emangalisayo kakhulu. Wenziwe zegolide ayindilinga 3 amayintshi ububanzi futhi ehlotshiswe namatshe ayigugu. Ngaphakathi ayindilinga segolide ibekwe ewumngcingo yensimbi band. Iron ayindilinga, njengoba kukholelwa kanjalo ngokuvamile, abenziwe izipikili ukuthi abethelwe esiphambanweni sikaJesu Kristu.

Kusukela ngaleso sikhathi kuze kube namuhla umqhele igcinwe esontweni Ioanna Krestitelya e Monza, eduze Milan ukuthi. Kuyoba kulezo zindawo, ngiyoyibona. Lena umqhele Europe lasendulo ngempela. Ngaphandle Lombard namakhosi amaHubo bugcizelelwa kuso futhi ababusi babewabheka isiJalimane, kusukela noKarla Velikogo. Futhi Napoleon Bonaparte kanye 1805 kabusha Republic Italian eMbusweni Italy.