Trout Sevan: kwendawo incazelo, isithombe

Kukhona izintaba eziphakeme eCaucasus echibini elikhulukazi. Itholakala endaweni engamamitha 1900 amamitha ngaphezu kolwandle. Ngakho-ke ngokuthi echibini: Sevan. Armenia iyizwe kabani indawo it is ngokunembile elise.

Lokho chibi olwenzeka endaweni zezinhlanzi okuthiwa Sevan trout. Yena, ngenhlanhla bawazisa kakhulu abadobi. Ngaphezu Lake Sevan trout, izithombe okuyinto okusesihlokweni esithi butholakala emifuleni eseduze.

incazelo

Asikhulume kabanzi mayelana le nhlanzi. Kuyini lokhu? Sevan - okwakuvela ohlotsheni olukhethekile lwenkanyezi trout. Igama layo livela Latin salmo ischchan. Armenia trout igama elisho ukuthi "inkosi". Ngakho okuthiwa ngenxa yobuhle balo nokuhlala inkazimulo, uma iqhathaniswa nezinye izinhlanzi. Empeleni, abanye abantu bayo ongafinyelela Isisindo amakhilogremu kuze kube eyishumi nesikhombisa. Ngezinye izikhathi lapho Sevan trout, isidumbu obuphelele - imitha elilodwa. Njengoba ubona, lowo mdondoshiya yangempela! Ngisho nangekhulu lweshumi nanhlanu izinhlanzi zithathwe emazweni ahlukahlukene eMpumalanga.

Ososayensi futhi trout Sevan, okuyinto ephepheni sithombe uhlukaniswa kane izinhlobo, noma, ngamanye amazwi, uhlanga. Futhi konke umehluko kusuka trout European.

trout ebusika

Ngakho, ingenye kwezinhlobo lokhu trout libizwa trout ebusika. Ngezinye izikhathi futhi ibizwa nangokuthi i bakhtak ebusika. Lolu hlobo lwenhlanzi etholakala emifuleni ethize enkulu. Kwakukhona izimo lapho ndlovu wabanjwa nesikhombisa kilogram, ubude bawo - 104 cm. usayizi Umxhwele! Khona-ke lapho trout ebusika fattening, umbala salo silvery-amhlophe, emuva uba nombala umbala steel. amnyama kuwo kancane, futhi sizungezwe usebe emaphethelweni, imibala ukukhanya. Ngesikhathi esifanayo babe azenzeki wake iksoobraznymi uma iqhathaniswa trout ensundu. Winter trout niyadla ezinamagobolondo, amphipods, okuyizinto kwendawo yemvelo - phansi.

Age of nokuvuthwa kwalesi silwane trout - neminyaka emine noma emihlanu. Ngaleso sikhathi, lapho izinhlanzi uqale zidala, abesilisa ukushintsha umbala. Ziyakwazi mnyama kakhulu, futhi amaphiko abo cishe ngokuphelele abamnyama. Ezinhlangothini banalo izindawo abomvu ezimbalwa futhi izindawo ezigqamile esithombeni lonke nezinsimbi ivelele bha. Abesifazane zihlala zinjalo. ukuhlehliswa nezibiliboco senzeka ngqo echibini. Inombolo amaqanda kuze kube anamane amawaka. Ngaphambi kokuwa echibini ezingeni esetholakele ezimbili imihlambi izinhlanzi: eyodwa zidala senzeka Okthoba kuya Januwari, kanti ezinye kusukela ngoJanuwari kuya kuMashi. Ngesikhathi esifanayo zidala kwenzeka ekujuleni ezahlukene. Esikhathini ukujula sokuqala 0.5-4 amamitha, kanti eyesibili - 0.5-20 amamitha.

Winter bakhtak ikakhulukazi lwesayensi abadobi. Wasebenzisa njengendaba ebalulekile zokudoba. Nokho, ngemva ezingeni Lake Sevan liwile, abaningi zidala trout wahlala ogwini. Ngakho manje, lolu hlobo inhlanti ngempela ezingavamile.

trout ehlobo

Uhlobo lwesibili ka Sevan trout - Trout kulo nyaka. Le nhlanzi futhi igama iminyaka bakhtak. Bayibiza ngokuthi ngakho ngoba izalela amaqanda entwasahlobo noma ehlobo. Zidala yenzeka itiye imifula yalo bakhtak futhi Gedak-Bulakh, kanye Lake Sevan, ezindaweni pre-estuarine kwechibi. Lolu hlobo lwenhlanzi etholakala emifuleni ethize ezincane. isisindo sakhe, uma uthatha esiphezulu ifinyelela amakhilogremu amabili, futhi ubude - amasentimitha angaba ngu-60. Ukuvuthwa trout ubudala eneminyaka engu-eminyakeni 2-7. Lolu hlobo Ukubuka trout kancane kwande.

Le nhlanzi kungenziwa silahle amaqanda angaphezu kancane inkulungwane yezingalo zidala. Ngokuvamile ezinhlangothini ehlobo izinhlanzi bakhtak ungabona izindawo abomvu. isitokwe Commercial yalolu hlobo unyaka ngamunye kuyehla ngenxa yokuthi indlela eya indawo zidala wacishe ivinjiwe.

Bodzhak

Enye zenyathi Sevan trout kuyinto bodzhak. Lolu hlobo yemifino of trout, futhi Ubukhulu bayo mancane kakhulu. Kuyaziwa ukuthi isifanekiso ngobukhulu esiveza akazange ukufinyelela ubude amathathu ngamasentimitha. Futhi ngokwesilinganiso obuphelele amabanga abo kusuka 24 kuya 26 cm. Ngokuvamile bodzhaka amaduna izindawo wandile elibomvu emaceleni.

Zidala kwalesi silwane trout kwenzeka kuphela Lake Sevan (Armenia).
Njengoba efinyelela eminyakeni yobudala emithathu noma emine, iqala ukuya eziyizimbangela. Kufanele ukuthi kulesi simo-ke kufanele ukwakha izidleke amaqanda futhi izalela kuyo phansi Lake Sevan. Bodzhak spawns Okthoba kuya November. Futhi ososayensi ngaphambilini babekholelwa ukuthi inqubo ithatha indawo at a mayelana nanhlanu amamitha ukujula, kodwa ngemva iphele esishintshashintshayo ugu zihlonzwe zidala bodzhaka ngesikhathi amamitha amane ukujula. Nokho, endaweni yabo mncane impela futhi akakwazi ukuvuselela elahlekile ezindaweni ezisogwini, kodwa ngenxa isibalo izinhlanzi kwehle kakhulu.

gegharkuni

Awu, zenyathi lokugcina Sevan trout libizwa gegharkuni. izilwane Young, kufana salmon Parr nezinye. Imibala unohlobo ukuhluka kunezinye izinhlobo trout ka Sevan. Ngo umzimba gegharkuni has amnyama transverse stripes futhi izindawo ensundu phuzi futhi zibe bomvu. Fattening zivele ngemva konyaka echibini. Imibala mnyama ngaphezu the trout, kodwa futhi umthunzi esiliva.

Ukudla njengoba akusiyo kuphela benthos kodwa zooplankton, etholakala ngokuyinhloko kukholamu amanzi ezihambayo nomfula. Lokhu gegharkuni futhi zihluke nezinye izinhlobo trout. It spawns kuphela agelezayo, okusho emifuleni.

trout Sevan: inani

Emuva ku 20s of leminyaka elidlule eseqala ukuveza zizalela yokufakelwa of trout nehlobo gegharkuni. Kuze kube maphakathi nawo-forties yokudoba kwakulinganiselwa ku izilwane abayizigidi ezingu-1,6. Nokho, eminye izimo zokuphila imifula abasha sawohloka kakhulu, futhi indlela eya eziyizimbangela empeleni ivaliwe. Ngenxa yalokhu ngemva engamashumi amahlanu gegharkuni futhi trout eqala ukukhuluphala kuphela hatcheries.

Naphezu kwazo zonke lezo kuthathwe izinyathelo ukulondoloza inani Sevan trout, nezibiliboco ukuqoqwa hatcheries yehlile. Zonke lezi zifo, kuhlanganise ukwehlisa amazinga amanzi, kanye nokwehla zidala engokwemvelo inhlanzi, okwaholela yokuthi isibalo zonke izinhlobo steel ukunqabela ngokucijile.

neqhaza kukho konke lokhu kwenziwa eutrophication. Eutrophication ngokuthi ukwanda eyinhloko umkhiqizo ngokwandisa amanzi yawo umsoco, ezifana ikakhulu sasekhaya kanye nitrogen. Lezi zingxenye kungenzeka ethulwe ngemithetho amadamu emanzini ezimbonini kanye kamasipala ngemuva ukugeza nge umquba noma nge kwezulu Amasimu, isibonelo. Okokuqala, kungangena kahle ku izinhlanzi njengoba ukudla kuba. Nokho, ngemva kwalokhu izinga amanzi liwohloka. esogwini kuqala ukukhula, amanzi kuba liguqubele obala iba kancane futhi, ngokufanelekile, amazinga-mpilo nayo iyancishiswa.

Izinto Eziphilayo engcupheni yokuqothulwa

Esimweni abukhuni, ngenxa izinguquko ezenzeka echibini nezinye izindikimba amanzi, kwakuwumsebenzi wokuhumusha omkhulu kunayo futhi zilwane ezincane kunazo zonke trout - bodzhak futhi trout ebusika. Le nhlanzi spawns echibini. Lezi zinhlobo abangu yokuqothulwa. Futhi ngakho izinhlanzi okuthiwa Sevan trout kwathiwa inqolobane nemvelo futhi ifakwa ohlwini eNcwadini Red.