Yini umlaza yilezi: amagama, isici. uhlu nemilaza

Egqolozele phezulu esibhakabhakeni ebusuku njengoba ingane, sizama ukuqonda ukuthi yini kunamaqoqo angu-. Sinesithakazelo igama, uhlobo figure nge izinkanyezi, kodwa hhayi incazelo umqondo wegama elithi "umlaza". Phakathi naleso sikhathi, ngisho nalapho sesikhulile, asiwazi njalo ukuqonda ukuthi yini ngempela yasisiza leli gama ajwayelekile.

kwelivi

A mkhathi ezindizayo emkhathini, akasoze ukufinyelela yimiphi amaphethini yasezulwini ekhona. Isizathu salokhu wukuthi izinkanyezi ngemuva kubonakala kithi, endizeni, eqinisweni, bahlukana kaningi phezu amabanga amade. Constellation Iwumbono ucezu ehlukile sphere esemkhathini zonke izinto isikhala kahle kwalo.

Umlando omncane

Wemiqondo lokho nemilaza kukhona, kuhluke eminyaka ahlukene. Namuhla ezishisa kakhulu zikhipha izinhlayiyana 88 izithombe yasezulwini, kodwa kwakungenjalo ngaso sonke isikhathi. nemilaza Basendulo amagama abo kulayini futhi esachazwa uPtolemy e indatshana yakhe edumile ethi "Almagest". uhlu kwakhe kwahlanganisa izithombe yasezulwini 48. Bonke ngothi lwabo, ngaphandle koyedwa, ngigcinile igama labo kuze kube manje. A esikhulu umlaza Argo (umkhumbi we Argonauts) esagcina ihlukaniswe ezintathu ezincane: Keel, Stern futhi Span. Ekuqaleni, izibalo wasezulwini, ngokuthi namuhla basendulo zazibizwa Emakhulwini amane eminyaka ngaphambi uPtolemy e 245 BC. e. Ingabe-ke futhi Greek - imbongi u-Aratus.

Ngu isidingo umphelelisi ohlwini olukhona kwavela phakathi Omkhulu Okutholakele: ekhonjiswe Ibeka izinkanyezi akuzange kusize ukuzulazula ulwandlekazi. Ekupheleni kwe-16 abahambi ekhulwini Frederick de Houtman no Pieter Keyser wajoyina izinkanyezi 12 amaphethini yasezulwini ngaphezulu. Phakathi kwabo kwakukhona lo Chameleon, Phoenix, South Hydra. Dozen nemilaza kanye zingatholakala ebalazweni Nenkabazwe oseningizimu esibhakabhakeni.

Ngo 1613 Peter Plantsius kuvezwa embulungeni eziningana ezintsha izithombe zabo zasezulwini, futhi ngo-1624-m, sibonga German sezinkanyezi, udokotela nesazi sezibalo Jakob Bartsch, yayisetshenziswa emhlabeni wonke ngokwesayensi. Namuhla ku ibalazwe esibhakabhakeni wahlala mabili kuphela - Indlulamithi kanye Unicorn.

Ukwakheka lokugcina

Uhlu nemilaza kuso asiphothulwanga. Yan Gevely ekhulwini le-17 usunike izithombe eziyisikhombisa lezinkanyezi (Sextant, Leo Minor, Lizard, Shield, Lynx, Chanterelle, Canes Venatici). Esikhathini esilandelayo, ngekhulu le-18, umnikelo owenziwe, futhi Nicolas-Lui De Lacaille. Yena ngokubonakalayo nemilaza 17, kokuqeda kumiswa uhlu.

Nokho, lokhu akuzange kuphele umlando amagama imilaza. Ancient izibalo yasezulwini wazama kaningana qamba kabusha, esikhundleni onkulunkulu bamaGreki namaqhawe yabangcwele yobuKristu. Ngezinye izikhathi bafuna ukuzwa inkazimulo Olympian ebusa abantu abakhuzi bempi. Nokho, zonke lezi imizamo ayiphumelelanga.

imingcele

Ekupheleni kwekhulu le-18 ekugcineni kusungulwa ukuqonda yesimanje lokho kunamaqoqo angu-. Amagama izithombe yasezulwini ucishe aqine. Into kuphela kwesokunxele ukunquma kwemingcele.

Namuhla, ngaphansi umlaza uqonde hhayi nje ukukhanya ethile, udala ngalé liyabonakala. Lihlanganisa zonke "insimu" eduze lezi zinkanyezi. Constellation zihlukaniswe imingcele, evunyiwe 1935 ngemva ukubambisana eside zezinkanyezi abambalwa besifazane.

ezinyakazayo okuqhubekayo

Kumephu umlaza abangu ngandlela-thile engashintshi, kodwa uma ubuka izinkanyezi ubusuku bonke, kulula ukuqaphela ukuthi izibalo yasezulwini njalo ezihambayo. Abanye abantu bathuthela azungeze isikhungo ezivamile, kuyilapho abanye ukuchaza arc futhi zinyamalale ngemuva emkhathizwe. Lolu shintsho endaweni okuye kwabizwa ngokuthi Ukujikeleza diurnal. Uma obuka ungaphakathi eNyakatho Nenkabazwe futhi zibheke eningizimu, izinkanyezi ngaye izoya ohlangothini ngokwewashi, liphuma empumalanga futhi anyamalale entshonalanga. Njengoba okusezingeni eliphezulu njengoba nemilaza kungenzeka emkhathizwe eningizimu. Uma sibona ukunyakaza izinkanyezi, zibheke enyakatho, isithombe Kuthi ezahlukene. Ingxenye ukukhanya ingahambi aqhelile, futhi uchaza umbuthano esibhakabhakeni. isikhungo yayo libizwa isigxobo enyakatho nezwe. Itholakala eduze yaseNyakatho.

Kulokhu, iphuzu elikhanyayo efanayo liyaphuma futhi ihlala phansi endaweni ekhethekile, ngokungafani ilanga nenyanga, ukuphuma nokushona kwelanga izindawo zazo dengwane usuku ngalunye njalo. Umhlaba satellite kanye ngosuku-inkanyezi "travel" kusukela Lilodwa kwenye. Ngakho, "uvakashele" amaphethini yasezulwini nambili. Ilanga sihamba isendleleni unyaka wonke, futhi the Moon - e 27 ne usuku encane. Kokwamukela "ekhaya" abathatha sezinsuku ezingu-inkanyezi njalo ezinyangeni eziyishumi nambili, kuze umbuthano lwezinkanyezi.

Wezinsika ukubhula ngezinkanyezi

Mhlawumbe, wonke umuntu uyazi ukuthi nemilaza yezinkanyezi Zodiac khona. Kuyathakazelisa ukuthi iphethini zasezulwini, ingabe ngempela ilanga enyangeni ethile, njalo kufihliwe kusuka umbukeli, futhi kukhona ngemva kwezinyanga eziyisithupha kuphela.

Izimpawu Zodiac abawaziyo isikhathi eside. Amanye amagama awo kwakuzwakala namanje ezindaweni eziningi eMesophothamiya, sombuso wemiphakathi ephucuke kuqala. Igama elithi "Zodiac" Lokudabuka ngesiGreki: zodiakos ihumusha ngokuthi "isilwane." Nambili nemilaza uthole igama laso yokuthi iningi labo ibukeke izilwane.

Zodiac ihlanganisa hhayi kuphela emzileni inyanga, kodwa futhi wonke amaplanethi yesimiso sonozungezilanga. Itholakala engela yenkabazwe yasezulwini futhi ephambana nge amaphuzu amabili elihambisana ngothi i-equinox Vernal futhi yasebusika.

isigxobo Celestial

Kunezindlela ezahlukene ukuze uphendule lo mbuzo, yiziphi imilaza. Izazi zezinkanyezi ziye ngenxa yokuzimisela kwabo uhlelo olukhethekile izixhumanisi. Sishilo kakade North Pole zomhlaba. Kulula ukucabanga ukuthi kukhona South bakhomba umlaza we-Southern Cross. Futhi liphi Induku yenkabazwe khona. Esikhathini Ukudidiyela uhlelo, elakhiwa ngo-esibhakabhakeni, kukhona Nokwehla (latitude, ibanga nenkabazwe), kanye nokwenyukela ngakwesokudla (nobude).

Enkabazwe sidlula nemilaza ezithile: Orion, Pisces, Keith, Taurus, Eridan, Sextant Eagle, Unicorn, Hydra, Schlangenträger, inja Small, Leo, Aquarius, iNyoka. I engavamile kwalezi zibalo yasezulwini ziyatholakala ukuqapha cishe noma kuphi emhlabeni. Lokhu kungenzeka ngenxa indawo imilaza.

enyakatho

Kunezinhlobo eziningana enezela ekuqondeni kwethu mayelana nokuthi kwenzekani umlaza. Zonke izibalo yasezulwini zihlukaniswe okuqondene Northern noma Nenkabazwe Wik kwesibhakabhaka.

Uhlu Constellation yeNyakatho Nenkabazwe kuhlanganisa izithombe ezintathu Gemini, Aries Nomdlavuza. Futhi zihlanganisa imidwebo wasezulwini kwezilwane: Dipper Big Little, ihlengethwa, udrako, indlulamithi, Canes Venatici, Swan, Chanterelle, Little Horse kanye Little Lion, Lynx and Lizard. Phakathi nemilaza yezinkanyezi Nenkabazwe, lapho zibizwa izinhlamvu in izinganekwane lasendulo: Coma Berenices, Andromeda, Cepheus, Perseus, Pegasus, Hercules, Cassiopeia,-Bootes, futhi elisho izinto: Lira, Sextant, Umcibisholo, Triangle.

Ngakolunye uhlangothi i-Earth

Manje ake sibone ukuthi yini nemilaza zibonakala obuka e Nenkabazwe oseningizimu. Iningi izibalo yasezulwini zibizwa nezinto ezingaphili nezingxenye zazo: i-altare, ikhampasi, ukudla, Kiel, Isibonakhulu, Bowl, Norma, Octant, Telescope, futha, umsiki, Span, esithandweni, igridi, ikhampasi, iwashi, Shield, Southern Umqhele, i-Southern Cross futhi Southern Triangle. Kusukela Izimpawu zezinkanyezi nalo eningizimu kukhona Capricorn, Scorpio futhi Sagittarius. Of izinhlamvu wasenganekwaneni nakhu kuphela Phoenix futhi Cepheus, kodwa kukhona abaculi (umqophi wemifanekiso umdwebi) kuhlanganise nommeleli izizwe (American aboMdabu), kanye samuntu isimangaliso bemvelo (Mensa). Abantu abaningi abalapho nezilwane: Big Dog, Crow, Dove, Wolf, Flying Gold eNingizimu Fish, Crane, Rabbit, Bird kwePharadesi, Ipigogo, Fly, Toucan, Chameleon, South Hydra.

Ihlobo nobusika

Ngalesi impendulo ongakhetha yombuzo, kuyini umlaza, hhayi isiphelile. Esinye isimiso of ngezigaba - unyaka lapho iphethini osezulwini engcono uyalandelwa. Phela, ehlobo, ebusika, intwasahlobo nekwindla phezu kwekhanda lakhe linqobe izithombe ezahlukene.

Ngo-June, July no-August esibhakabhakeni ukuhlobisa umlaza Cygnus, Lyra futhi Eagle, amaphuzu bhá akha asterism Summer Triangle. Lesi sikhathi sonyaka iyatholakala ukuze bagcine-Bootes, Corona Borealis, ikhampasi, Hercules kanye nezinye izibalo ambalwa yasezulwini.

Ebusika, asikho isikhala ngaphansi amahle ngaphezu kwekhanda kuka ehlobo. Kusihlwa emkhathizwe livela umlaza i-Orion. Kulula Its ukuthola amachashazi amathathu elikhanyayo zikleliswe ilandelana. Lokhu asterism Orion sika Belt. Ngezansi futhi kancane ngakwesokudla kuba Rigel, izinkanyezi ezivelele kunazo kule sibalo yasezulwini. Uma ibhande kuyinto eminye kuya kwesokunxele bese phansi, bese emgqeni maduze abuts le Sirius Alpha Canis Major futhi inkanyezi bhá e yonke isibhakabhaka. Bobabili inja ezinkulu nezincane futhi zisebenza nemilaza ebusika. Ngakolunye uhlangothi komugqa edabula ibhande Orion abuts ngokumelene Aldebaran eziphathelene Taurus.

Ngo ekwindla kanye entwasahlobo

Ukuphela ehlobo kuhambisana ushintsho ezinkanyezi eyinhloko esibhakabhakeni. Manje, kungcono ukuba abe Fish ebonakalayo, Cassiopeia kanye Andromeda. Nakuba ukukhanya zingaphansi Orion kanye Swan, bona ukuhlobisa isibhakabhaka kungekhona ukuthi sezizimbi kakhulu futhi nakho kuyinto okufanele ukunakwa.

Spring headroom esikhanyayo yizinkanyezi we-Big Dipper, Leo, Virgo,-Bootes. Yiqiniso, zingabantu ebonakalayo, futhi ngezinye izikhathi, kodwa entwasahlobo - nesikhathi "bayobusa 'yabo esibhakabhakeni.

nemilaza Main kanye namagama izinkanyezi sekusaziwa yithi kusukela endulo. Kusukela ngaleso sikhathi, uhlu lwabo kwenezelwa futhi ilungiswe. Uhlu izithombe yasezulwini 88 - impendulo oluphelele yombuzo, yiziphi imilaza. Amagama abo ukunikeza umqondo wokuthi esikhathini ukubukeka kwalezi zibalo lezinkanyezi kumephu esibhakabhakeni. Ngakho, cishe bonke izinhlamvu wasenganekwaneni bakhanya ngenkathi neRoma lasendulo. Iningi izilwane evamile umuntu wanamuhla, kanye Silhouettes ubuntu wobuciko kanye namadivayisi ezahlukene - umphumela rethinking ibalazwe lezinkanyezi ekhulwini th 17-18. Ukucinga nemilaza kusiza nobudlelwane phakathi yenkabazwe yasezulwini nezigxobo zomhlaba.