Nemerteans (impethu): Incazelo

Nemerteans - isibungu uhlobo tape-like. Ukuba kulesi sigaba akudingeki izitho sangaphandle touch. Nokho, iyakwazi ukunikeza ukudla kunalokho indlela yokuqala - "vystrelivaya" e inala ukukhiqizwa isikhwehlela, okuyinto inike lezi eside ukuthi uya ngokujulile ketshezi umzimba.

Yeka indlela yokuphila amelwa izilwane? Kanjani nemerteans (impethu)? Izithombe izincazelo lezi zilwane sizoxoxa kamuva kulesi sihloko.

Umlando yokutholakala nemerteans

Ngokokuqala ngqá ukuba khona nemerteans wafunda sibonga izinto ezitholwe usosayensi G. Barleyz. Ngo 1758, abacwaningi bathola ukumelwa izikelemu uhlobo emanzini asolwandle, echazwe oyiyo morphological ngisho wadala isithombe isilwane.

Ngokuphawulekayo kwandisa ulwazi encyclopedic we nemerteans ekhulwini XIX. Izazi eziningi ziye zaletha ku isayensi entsha yokuqonda, amaqiniso ezithakazelisayo ngalezi zilwane esiyingqayizivele ophilayo ngokuyinhloko phansi kolwandle. Ayizwayo ethulwa emkhakheni sekwenziwe Sibonga kungenzeka ukuba ukuvela izindlela usebenza ukujula. sencazelo "nemertean" kwahlongozwa ngalesi sikhathi uqobo.

nemerteans Isifundo imatasa sezilwane Soviet NA Livanov. Ngo-1955, wabonisa ukuthi lezi zilwane iyaguquka legatsha phakathi izimpethu flat futhi iribhoni-like. Ngaphambi kwalokhu, lezi zidalwa ubalwe njengenye uhlobo annelid izimpethu - annelids.

ukubukeka

Ummeleli ejwayelekile ka nemerteans Unomzimba side ohlangothini anteroposterior, amaphiko kancane isicaba nezigaba ventral. Ubude umzimba abamele ngabanye kuyahlukahluka kusuka kwangu ambalwa amashumi amamitha. Nokho, nesilinganiso yenani langempela nemerteans nzima ngenxa yokuthi lezi zidalwa bayakwazi yokwelula like iminyundu.

Nemerteans - isibungu isidumbu sehlukaniswe truncal futhi ikhanda ihhovisi. Umngcele phakathi lezi zingxenye inkatho wesibeletho. Le ngxenye Ikhanda licishe umlomo isilwane. Wendlovu esifundeni ayinakho emizimbeni evelele zangaphandle. Izinhlangothi zomzimba abelwe gonads ezincane kuphela. Engxenyeni ezingemuva worm kahle ingquza akachazeki.

Skin nemerteans ziyakwazi ukukhiqiza esiningi isikhwehlela. Ngakho-ke, iningi izimpethu yalolu hlobo bheka alithandeki izilwane eziphila ngezinye. izinyoni eziningi ulwandle babe umbala, okuyinto isixwayiso isignali ingozi ukuze nezitha ezingaba yingozi endaweni yazo yemvelo. Ngesikhathi esifanayo kukhona abamele ngokwanele nemerteans amathoni olumhlophe. Ezinye zazo ziye ayevumela isikhumba, okuyothi ngalo ayevumela izitho zangaphakathi.

ukudla

Nemerteans - isibungu, okuyinto ine umlomo ukuvulwa side yohlobo ijabulise. Ngaphakathi iqukethe ekhethekile mouthparts lezi, okuyinto iphuma ekujuleni komgodi umzimba futhi isendaweni izitho zangaphakathi, lapho isilwane uhlezi. Phakathi ekuzingeleni, lokhu tube worm plastic iyaphenduka ziphonswe bebheke isisulu ngaphansi kwethonya ingcindezi wokubacindezela. Imayini embozwe ingcina, uqweqwe isikhwehlela acrid.

It feeds nemerteans? Worm ongasigwinya inyamazane lonke baxhashazwe noma izabelo. Ezinye izilwane emelelwa uhlobo lisibekele inyamazane umfece ka isikhwehlela, kusale prozapas wakhe.

sakhiwo sangekhatsi

Nemerteans - isibungu, okuyinto akanayo umgodi umzimba ngokwawo. Zonke izikhala phakathi kwezitho zangaphakathi zigcwele ezicutshini - parenchyma. Izibilini ethulwa misa, maphakathi kanye phambi emathunjini.

Nemertean ube amaningi isimiso sokujikeleza kwegazi phakathi izimpethu iribhoni emise. Kepha umgudu wokuphefumula, lezi zilwane ungapheli. Oxygen saturation amaseli kwenzeka ngezindlela irisidi yayo ngesikhumba.

Isimiso sezinzwa yakhiwe phezu kwesimiso ortogona. Ngamanye amazwi - amangqamuzana ezinzwa akha imicu eqondile, nalabo eqoqwe nerve iziqu.

amakilasi

Hlukanisa amakilasi nemerteans ezilandelayo:

1. Anopla - okubizwa ngokuthi ama-worms bengahlomile. Isici esiphawulekayo lokhu ekilasini yezidalwa kuyinto engekho lezi ku ngalo ingaphakathi ngomlomo. Ukudla ishuthiwe ngembobo, okungukuthi esifundeni komgodi ongaphakathi kwamathumbu. omele Bright alesi sigaba izenzo giant ulwandle nemerteans ngokuthi Lineus Longissimus, okuyinto umzimba lingafika ku-30 amamitha kanye ububanzi hhayi okungaphezu kokukodwa isentimitha.
2. Nemerteans worm, Enopla ekilasini has a lezi maphambili emzimbeni. Kugcine baxoshwa, bawabulala isisulu stilettos amaningi futhi evala isikhwehlela wakhe onzima. Amalungu alesi sigaba zihlukaniswa usayizi ikakhulukazi nesizotha.

indlela yokuphila

Iningi la macimbi, ihlukaniswa njengoba nemertean kukhona izilwane zasemanzini ezihlala phansi. Nokho, siyazi impela eningi zama-izidalwa angenasawoti yalolu hlobo. Kukhona futhi umhlaba abameleli ngabanye nemerteans.

Nemerteans - isibungu leyo yindlela okuzingela. Ezinye izilwane ezifana ethulwa musa yokuzingela bebodwa, futhi scavengers. Yaziwa nemerteans, okuyizinto yisinanakazana kule ingaphakathi isiphuku mollusk zasolwandle. Okwamanje, kukhona incazelo eningiliziwe oda 1 200 zama-worm.