Imvamisa umsindo, ukukhanya kanye nomphumela Doppler

Imvamisa umsindo has izici esingokwemvelo nezinye izenzakalo eziningana lokusakaza ngokusebenzisa wave. Lokhu kuyiqiniso, isibonelo, ukukhanya noma X-ray. imvamisa umsindo - kuba ubuningi ezithile emzimbeni, esibonakala by inombolo njalo ezinikezwa. Okunqumayo isilinganiso isibalo amagagasi kuya isikhathi ngesikhathi lapho kuphakama. Ngokwesibonelo, ukuvama umsindo inquma ukuphakama kwalo, sizwa. Noma ungezwa, uma iyehla iyenyuka zingaphezu kumkhawulo ezindlebeni zethu amakhono - lefoni noma ultrasound. Uma sikhuluma ekushayweni ukukhanya, kuye ngokuthi imvamisa yayo kanye nombono, singabona imibala ehlukene bohlu kusuka obomvu noluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka.

Imvamisa umsindo futhi umphumela Doppler

Buyinto ezithakazelisayo ezihlobene anenani kubhekwe ibizwa ngokuthi umphumela Doppler (yaqanjwa owathola-usosayensi). It kungabonwa isibonelo amaza okukhanya, kodwa ijubane lokukhanya kakhulu (mayelana 300,000 amakhilomitha ngomzuzwana), futhi lokhu kwenza kube nzima ukubona kuye ezimweni zansuku zonke. A esiphelweni velocity of amaza omsindo appreciably ngezansi. Ngakho, uba yini umphumela Doppler? Cabanga nje, uma wena sibukela komgwaqo omkhulu, futhi iseduze nawe bekude imoto nge inhlabamkhosi ukusebenza. Lapho namanje kude, inhlabamkhosi ukubhonga liyokhala zibuthuntu kuwe. Lokhu kusho ukuthi imvamisa umsindo uphansi. Kodwa njengoba sisondela ke, luyokhula nakakhulu. Ungezwa ezingasho ithoni ephezulu bamisa ukuthi ifinyelela esiphezulu uma imoto kuzodlula nguwe. Lapho into isidlulile futhi uzosuswa futhi, nombono we umsindo ngeke aphinde awele (ngokwezwi nezwi, bushelelezi, uma ukudweba kugrafu). Ngakho-ke uya ngenxa yokuthi umsindo inhlabamkhosi ekuqaleni uhlobo "ukubamba-up" umshini, okuyinto sifushanise ibanga phakathi emikhombeni (emikhulu) amagagasi futhi kwenza ithoni okungenhla, bese, kunalokho, "uyabaleka", ukuze wave kungathi "eshelelayo". Empeleni, lokhu kubizwa ngokuthi umphumela Doppler.

Inani ukusebenza

Kodwa akufanele sicabange ukuthi umphumela Doppler ngandlela-thile Eqinisweni ezomile ezivela ezweni electrodynamics. Lolwati kabanzi umsindo radars yesimanje, okuncike nesilinganiso wave amaza. Futhi ngendlela efanayo nabasebenzi amaphoyisa omgwaqo kunqunywa ukuthi lingakanani ijubane lokuya izimoto, nezinye izinsiza ezifanele - .. isivinini Aircraft, ukugeleza emifuleni, njll Ngokusho lokhu imisebenzi isimiso kanye alamu umgqekezi ukuthi basabela ukunyakaza egumbini.

Ukutholakala u-Edwin Hubble

Kodwa mhlawumbe into eyayinzima ukutholakala eziphawuleka kakhulu ahlobene nomphumela kuphethwe umthetho Hubble sika. Ngo-1929 kusukela sezinkanyezi US Edvin Habbl waphenduka isibonakude lakhe esibhakabhakeni ebusuku. Ukuqaphela imithala ekude, wathola into ezithakazelisayo. Eziningi zalezi imithala zimbozwe i aura kwezinye ufasimbe abomvu. Njengoba umsindo into ebohla ungezwa ngathi ephakeme, ngakho ebohla umbala Kubonakala sengathi umzimba iso ngokubomvu womuntu. Lokhu ngokwezwi nezwi lisho ukuthi imithala ukundiza ahambe nathi. Kuyathakazelisa ukuthi phambidlana a galaxy okungukuthi, ngokushesha it is ebohla. Lokhu okwashiwo yilo mlobi uye baba neqhaza elikhulu ethandwa kakhulu phakathi akhona yesimanje umqondo wezwe elingaphansi yonke uyanda futhi Big Bang njengoba ekuqaleni kwalo.