Kumasathalayithi wokuhlonipha uSaturn, Enceladus. Ingabe kukhona ukuphila Enceladus

Kumasathalayithi wokuhlonipha uSaturn, Enceladus, Titan, Dione, Tethys, nabanye - zihlukile ngobukhulu, ukuma nokwakheka. izinyanga ezinkulu ezineqhwa side by side nge amancane enamadwala. Omunye izinto ezithakazelisayo kakhulu ohlelweni - Enceladus. Ucwaningo lusikisela ukuthi inyanga yesithupha elikhulu Saturn has a ocean subsurface. Ososayensi abakubiza ngokuthi Enceladus iphila nembangi bangabonwa zokuphila nekutiya kwalo.

igesi giant

Saturn - iplanethi ngobukhulu zesimiso sonozungezilanga. I ububanzi kuphela kancane wawungaphansi umholi kulokhu, i-Jupiter. Nokho, nenqwaba Saturn akuyona omkhulu kangaka. inhlanganiso wayo wokuthi imfushane kunalokho yamanzi ipharamitha ukuthi ayisekho sici for iyiphi iplanethi ezungeza ohlelweni.

Saturn, i-Jupiter like, i-Uranus ne-Neptune, ubhekwa njengesilwane esisengcupheni giant igesi. Siqukethe hydrogen, helium, i-methane, i-ammonia, amanzi kanye esincane Izakhi ezisindayo. Saturn possesses emasongweni elijabulisayo lesimiso sonozungezilanga. Basuke eyakhiwa ice nothuli. Izinhlayiyana kuhluke ngobukhulu: ukufinyelela kunawo futhi iningi ezingavamile amashumi amamitha, iningi hhayi ningi than zisho amazwi ambalwa.

"Cassini"

Ngo-1997, iyunithi "Cassini-Huygens" wethulwa ukufunda Saturn kanye izinyanga yayo. Waba isathelayithi lokuqala yokufakelwa we giant igesi. "Cassini" wabonisa izwe elingaziwa Saturn isiphepho olunezinhlangothi izithombe, idatha ku kwenyanga + nangamasabatha, izithombe kobuso Titan kakhulu umphelelisi ulwazi ososayensi kule giant igesi. Umshini usasebenza futhi uyaqhubeka ukunikeza ulwazi abaphenyi. Baningi "Cassini" futhi ukutshelwa Enceladus.

iziphuphutheki

Negesi giant okungenani 62 izinyanga. Akubona bonke babo babe amagama abo, abanye ngenxa ubukhulu ezincane nezinye izinto bachazwa izinombolo kuphela. Inyanga elikhulu giant igesi - Titan, kulandele Ray. izinyanga Saturn sika, Enceladus, Dione, Iapetus, Tethys, Mimas futhi ezimbalwa futhi okunengqondo esikhulu ngobukhulu. Nokho, ingxenye umxhwele izinyanga ububanzi ayidluli kwengu-100 m.

Yiqiniso, phakathi amaqoqo olunje futhi izinto eliyingqayizivele. Titan, isibonelo, sesibili ngobukhulu ngobukhulu bazo zonke iziphuphutheki esimisweni sonozungezilanga (ngowokuqala - of Ganymede "suite" of Jupiter). Nokho, isici zako ezisemqoka omuhle obukhulu kakhulu. Eminyakeni yamuva, izazi zezinkanyezi ziye ngokuya iqondiswe izibonakude zabo ku inyanga Saturn sika Enceladus, okuyinto incazelo inikezwe ngezansi.

ukutholakala

Enceladus - omunye elikhulu izinyanga Saturn sika. Lalivulwe lesithupha. Ngo 1789, yena kwatholakala Uilyam Gershel nge isibonakude yakhe. Mhlawumbe, satellite kungaba ovulekile phambi (lingakanani kanye albedo eliphezulu kakhulu lokhu kwaba nesandla), kodwa ukubona Enceladus kuveza uvinjelwe emasongweni futhi iningi Saturn. Uilyam Gershel ngilugcinile giant igesi ngesikhathi esihle - futhi uye wathola kungenzeka.

amapharamitha

Enceladus - inyanga yesithupha elikhulu Saturn. Ubukhulu bayo kuyinto 500 km, okuyinto okuncane okumayelana 25 izikhathi kuka ipharamitha ezifanayo umhlaba. iplanethi IMisa engumngane phansi kunabaphostoli cishe izinkulungwane 200 izikhathi. usayizi Enceladus ayisenzi ke iyiphi evelele isikhala into. Kuncike satellite ngamanye nemingcele.

Enceladus has a reflectivity okusezingeni eliphezulu, albedo yayo eduze ubunye. Ngo lonke uhlelo, kungenzeka into bhá ngemuva kwelanga. Isizathu sokuba ukukhanya yenkanyezi ngesikhathi sokushisa kwemini ebusweni Enceladus nhlobo ngenye indlela. Iveza cishe zonke ukukhanya ukuthi kuza ke, ngoba imbozwe yiqhwa. Isilinganiso ebusweni lokushisa -200 ° C kwi satellite.

Emzileni satellite itholakala usondele ngokwanele Saturn izindandatho. Kusukela giant igesi it is ahlukaniswe ibanga 237 378 km. Omunye revolution emhlabeni engumngane iplanethi kwenza amahora 32,9.

ebusweni

Ekuqaleni, ososayensi ayengenandaba Enceladus ngakho asebenzayo. Nokho, iyunithi "Cassini", izikhathi eziningana kunalokho eduze indlela eya satellite, wanikeza idatha umnandi kakhulu eMhlabeni.

Surface Enceladus asemigodini uneventful. Zonke iminonjana ekwindla ka emkhathini tibheke ezindaweni ezincane. Isici se-satellite baningi amaphutha, emphethweni nokusasamba. Iningi emangalisayo semfundo zitholakala eduze pole eningizimu satellite. Okuhambisana amaphutha zomhlaba atholakele "Cassini" umshini ngo-2005. Babizwa ngokuthi bangabantu "tiger stripes" ngoba zifana yayo isithombe moustached umhlaseli.

Ngokusho ososayensi, lezi imifantu - kumiswa abasha, okubonisa umsebenzi yangaphakathi Geological satellite sika. "Tiger imivimbo" 130 km ngemva kwesikhathi eside zihlukaniswe kwezikhawu 40 km. Mkhathi "Voyager 2" flying esidlule Enceladus ngo-1981, abazange babone amaphutha ngezinye isigxobo eningizimu. Abacwaningi basikisela ukuthi imifantu ncamashi iminyaka eyinkulungwane, futhi kungenzeka babonakale sengathi abantu nje eyishumi edlule.

lokushisa anomalies

esiteshini Orbital bhalisiwe a non-standard lokushisa ukusatshalaliswa phezu Enceladus. Kwavela ukuthi pole eningizimu umzimba cosmic heats okungaphezu yenkabazwe. Sun akakwazi kubangele anomaly ezifana: ngokuvamile izigxobo izindawo enomoya. Ososayensi abathintekayo ekuhloleni Enceladus, baye bafinyelela esiphethweni sokuthi imbangela Ukushisa - yangaphakathi umthombo ukushisa.

Kuwufanele ukubalula ukuthi izinga lokushisa kwamanzi kule ndawo mkhulu ngezindinganiso endaweni enjalo akude sonozungezilanga. Kumasathalayithi wokuhlonipha uSaturn, Enceladus, Titan, Iapetus, nabanye - abakwazi ukuqhosha ezindaweni ezishisayo ngomqondo evamile. Amazinga e-esishintshashintshayo ezingasadingeki 20-30º kuphela ngenhla amaphakathi, isb ilingana cishe -180 ° C.

Astrophysics zisikisela ukuthi isizathu amalahle isigxobo eningizimu isiphuphutheki olwandle, sise ubuso bayo.

iziphethu

Subsurface ocean ku Enceladus izenze wazizwa hhayi kuphela ngokubeka amalahle isigxobo eningizimu. Uphiko uketshezi ke ubona njengoba iziphethu ngokusebenzisa "tiger stripes". Jets Inamandla ziye zabonakala njengoba uphenyo "Cassini" ngo-2005. Idivayisi eqoqwe amasampula ezinto i ukugeleza izingxenye. ukuhlaziywa wayo waholela ekubeni ezizathwini ezimbili. Eduze ebusweni izinhlayiya zeqe "tiger stripes", aqukethe semali nosawoti. Bakhomba khona kolwandle ngaphansi ebusweni Enceladus (futhi lokhu esiphethweni lokuqala ososayensi kusukela idatha "Cassini"). Nge ngesilinganiso kakhulu kunalokhu ukuqhekeka kuthiwa wadonsa izinhlayiya equkethe usawoti kancane. Isiphetho yesibili: akha indandatho E ukuze "insimu" kukhona khona lendawo Saturn.

subsurface ocean

Ingxenye umxhwele izinhlayiya ekuphunyukeni iseduze ukubunjwa ukuba namanzi olwandle. Baphumile ngesivinini iphansana futhi akukwazi material for iringi E anosawoti izinhlayiya iwe phezu Enceladus. Ukwakheka Ekhala of ice kusikisela ukuthi lwaluvelaphi ayikwazi simisiwe uqweqwe we-satellite.

Abacwaningi basikisela ukuthi kolwandle okunosawoti itholakala endaweni amakhilomitha 50 ukujula ngaphansi ebusweni Enceladus. It kukhawulwe uhlangothi olulodwa core kanzima futhi isiphuku ezineqhwa - ngakolunye. Amanzi interlayer esimweni liquid, naphezu lokushisa ongaphakeme. It ayigongobali ngenxa okunosawoti omningi, kanye ngumuntu amandla olwandle ukuthi kudala ensimini adonsela phansi Saturn nezinye izinto.

Inani lamanzi ayahwamuka (cishe 200 kg ngomzuzwana) ukhuluma ocean endaweni enkulu. I Jets of umhwamuko neqhwa kuthiwa wadonsa ukuze ebusweni by kumiswa imifantu, okuyinto abangela ingcindezi ngesiphazamiso.

Isibhakabhaka

Okuzenzakalelayo esiteshini interplanetary "Cassini" atholakala ku Enceladus, nasemkhathini. Waqale bhalisiwe kudivayisi magnetometer phezu nomthelela magnetosphere ka-Saturn. Ngemva kwesikhathi esithile, "Cassini" ngokushesha ukukulungisa, ukubukela engumngane ukusitheka kwelanga Gamma Orionis. Uphenyo Ucwaningo bavunyelwe ukufunda ukwakheka silinganisiwe umoya obandayo inyanga Saturn sika. 65% siqukethe umhwamuko endaweni yesibili itholakala endaweni yamangqamuzana hydrogen okuhlushwa (cishe 20%) nazo Kutholwe carbon dioxide, i-carbon monoxide nitrogen yamangqamuzana ezinto eziphilayo.

Umthombo replenishment emkhathini kulindeleke iziphethu, mlilo noma umoya.

Ingabe kukhona ukuphila Enceladus?

Ukuthola amanzi esimweni liquid - uhlobo pass ohlwini engase sikulungele ukuba kuphilwe kuso (indlela kuphela eziphilayo elula) amaplanethi. Ngokusho ososayensi, uma ulwandle ngaphansi ebusweni Enceladus osekunesikhathi, kusukela kwazalwa sonozungezilanga, ematfuba ekutholeni ukuphila kukhona ngempela high, inqobo nje uma amanzi cishe ngaso sonke isikhathi siyagcinwa isimo uketshezi. Uma ulwandle zilimaze ngezikhathi, kungenzeka ngenxa yebanga umxhwele ezivela izibani ke ithuba habitability siba sincane kakhulu.

Ukuqinisekisa noma ukuphikisa imibono labacwaningi manje sebeyakwazi ukwenza imali kuphela ulwazi ivela "Cassini" uphenyo. Ngemva kokuphothula umsebenzi wakhe ladluliselwa kuze 2017. Akwaziwa ngokushesha indlela uzokwazi ukuya Saturn kanye iziphuphutheki yayo ezinye iphenya isikhala. Ibanga okwenzekayo usuka emhlabeni uya Enceladus esikhulu, futhi lezi amaphrojekthi adinga ukulungiselelwa ngokucophelela futhi uxhaso elinesithunzi.

"Cassini" Uphenyo luyaqhubeka. Wayezomvusa ukutadisha igesi giant Saturn kanye iziphuphutheki. Enceladus, Nokho, akazange avele ohlwini main imisebenzi. izici Kubhekiwe zazihlanganisa ke ohlwini okubalulekile. Akekho kulindeleke ukuthola amanzi esimweni liquid endaweni komthala wethu, lapho i-Saturn itholakala. Izithombe iziphethu ku Enceladus, futhi eminyakeni embalwa ngemva kokutholakala avele ngendlela engakholeki. Kungenzeka lezimanga satellite abagcini kwaze kwaqedwa umsebenzi "Cassini" Astrophysics bafunde eziningi izinto ezithakazelisayo xaxa mayelana nalesi Inyanga ezineqhwa.