Ectoparasites - Iyini? Indlela ukuqeda ezidala phezu komzimba womuntu nezilwane?

Eziphilayo ezikhona ngezithukuthuku nezinye izinto eziphilayo (abanikazi) abizwa ngokuthi izimuncagazi. Zidla on izitshalo eziphilayo, igazi, amaseli lesilwane noma lomuntu. Ectoparasites - kuthatha yisinanakazana phezu kwesikhumba noma izitho zangaphandle, ngokungafani endoparasites eziphilayo ngaphakathi noma aphethe kwezicubu.

zinhlobo

Hlukanisa emkhatsini ectoparasites lesikhashana unomphela kuncike ikhono lazo ukuphila endaweni:

• Constants angaba khona kuphela parasitizing phezu noma phakathi umzimba aphethe lande ophansi.
• ukusetshenziswa lesikhashana esikhumbeni, ekhanda noma izinwele kwezilwane, kanye neenhlangano sangaphandle ukudla kuphela. Ngaphezu kwakho konke - kungcono igazi noma isikhumba ishq.

Iningi libhekisela uhlobo eyisinambuzane, namadivayisi esikhethekile okunamathiselwe emzimbeni yempi. Photo ectoparasites, okwethulwa kulesi iphepha bakhombise ukuthi anemisila izimpiko ekhethekile (intwala) noma spikes ku Hypostoma (imikhaza) ukuze uhlale phezu. Iningi izimuncagazi basonta isigaba izinambuzane noma arachnids (izibungu). Kodwa zanikeza zezinhlobonhlobo zezilwane, ezifana iminyundu.

izintwala

ectoparasites Permanent labantu, elezinye izilwane -, ngaphezu kwakho konke, izintwala. izinambuzane ezincane wingless babe mouthparts ezingaba ibhoboze aphethe isikhumba, zidla igazi layo. Ingabe kwahlangatshezwana eyaqala ukutholwa ngawo-izigidi eziphilayo zeminyaka edlule, inyoni izimpaphe. Kuye olwenzeka endaweni kuyinto angawodwa:

• Cootie (ihlale ithola ngesikhindi sangaphansi).
• Shona, imilenze okuyinto ingashintshwa ukuze abahlala izinwele kokuba ingxenye isiyingi esiphambanweni.
• Pubic, ukuzabalaza imvelo ezifanele kakhulu - umzimba izinwele ephansi nge esingunxantathu cross-section.

Izintwala baphile kuze kube yizinsuku ezingu 40-45, kodwa usuku ngalunye insikazi ongabeka kuze kufinyelele amaqanda angu-15. Ukuba ukuma oblong, bayehluka okumhlophe futhi sifinyelele ubude engafinyelela kwengu-1 mm. amaqanda Live - nit angu ngokuqinile ethe njo indwangu noma izinwele nge kukhanye enempilo. Uma ungahambisani izinyathelo zokuvimbela, ukusabalala ectoparasites isifika ngokushesha okukhulu futhi angabangela isifo (pediculosis), ukubizwa ngokuthi pediculosis. Izintwala kukhona abathwali yokungenwa yizifo ezithathelwanayo, ayingozi kakhulu okuyinto imfiva.

Indlela ukuqeda?

Umthombo oyinhloko ukutheleleka - iziguli ezine pediculosis. Izilwane ezifuywayo akuzona abathwala lesi sifo. Ectoparasites - kukhona eziphilayo, babhekana ngokuphumelelayo imvelo futhi kancane kancane yokuvumelana ubuthi ezahlukene. Ukuhoxiswa izintwala okufanele kwenzeke ngezigaba ezimbili:

• Ukususwa kwezimiso izinambuzane igazi-abancela.
• Ecwaninga nit angu.

Uma usebenzisa imali yomphakathi kumele kukhunjulwe ukuthi ekhaya ukuqeda ectoparasites ngosuku olulodwa akunakwenzeka. Kuhle izindlela - amanzi hellebore (isixazululo yemifino Isihlungu itholakala inethiwekhi ekhemisi), onion-garlic imaski, iziketekete 9% uviniga, isigamu buhlanjululwe ngamanzi netiyela insipho. Abafana bangaba aphuce ikhanda, abesifazane wakhe omdala - isicelo izinwele wemvelo equkethe i-hydrogen peroxide.

ikamu Nit wenziwa athutha usebenzisa yokhalo ezincane (imvamisa - 0.3 mm) usebenzisa isixazululo uviniga. Uhala ofakwe isixazululo kumele abe phakathi ngentambo amazinyo. Ecwaninga lufanele lwenteke kulamazinga lalandzelako ephepheni noma indwangu, ukuze emva inqubo yabo ukususa ngokushesha noma igciwane. Silwe ectoparasites - Iphrofayela isiqondiso nezikhungo zezokwelapha ezikhethekile, ukuze ukwazi iphendukele amasevisi abo lapho kudingeka isixazululo esisheshayo kule nkinga. Sinenkosi eziningi zalezi zinsuku chemical ejenti.

ectoparasites yesikhashana

Izinambuzane kanye arachnids, ehlezi phansi emzimbeni umninikhaya kuphela ukudla (omiyane, amakhizane, horseflies, izimbungulu) - ectoparasites yesikhashana. Yiziphi esiyingozi?

• Bloodsuckers uphethe inqwaba izifo ezingathi sína kwababhemayo: umalaleveva, udenga ne- imfiva, encephalitis, isifo saseLyme, nabanye. ngokuvamile kunzima ukuqaphela ngoba izimpawu zifane esigabeni sokuqala Ari. E-US, wembula uhlobo "Izinambuzane ukuqabulana", zokuthelela Chagas isifo. Uma sithinta inhliziyo, amathumbu kanye nezinye izitho ezibalulekile. Bug uthola igama layo kusukela lokuthi yenza iluma izindebe noma uwanike ukozela amehlo parallel womuntu isenzo sokuzikhulula. Lapho ecwaninga isilonda, umuntu engaqondile lifaka ukutheleleka egazini. Kucatshangwa ukuthi kungenzeka ukuba kwezigidi ezingu-300 baseMelika yilesi sifo.
• ukulunywa yizinambuzane baxabane nomzimba, ikakhulukazi iminyovu eziyingozi, izinyosi, izinsensane.
• Ukunwaya izindawo ethintekile ngenxa umphumela anobuthi we ngamathe kungaba avuse izifo zesikhumba: eczema, dermatitis.

Ngu ectoparasites zihlanganisa imikhaza, okuyinto zinzima kakhulu ukususa nomzimba womuntu futhi isilwane. Uma umiyane noma Midge uyabulala, imikhaza kumele zisuswe nemithetho ukuhambisana.

Ukususa imikhaza

Kunezinsumansumane eziningana mayelana nendlela ukubabulala arachnid yingozi. Okuvame kakhulu phakathi kwabo kukhona:

• Tshwaya kumele agcotshisiwe ngamafutha zemifino noma upharafini, ukuthi wadonsa lezi entula umoya-mpilo.
• Susa bloodsucker kuyadingeka kuphela isikhungo sokwelapha.

I esiyingozi kakhulu ingxenye yomzimba ka umkhaza uyinhloko yayo, lapho igciwane bagxila. Ngamathe iwela isilonda, ukuze noma iyiphi ingcindezi emzimbeni wesicabucabu kungacupha ukusheshisa inqubo ukutheleleka. Kuyinto engenakwenzeka Dabula izingxenye noma ngawakhamela eyisinambuzane. Ectoparasites - kukhona eziphilayo kufanele izingwegwe, izimpiko noma amaswidi, okuyinto ayikwazi emzimbeni yempi. bangafi, kodwa kuyoba nzima ukuyikhipha nge nokuntuleka nomoya-mpilo.

Kungcono ukususa umkhaza by intambo ukwakha iluphu okumele some. Imikhawulo kufanele kube ukunyakaza unethemba ukudonsa. Uma ikhanda yayisalokhu isilonda, kufanele zisuswe ngenaliti, ziphathwe isinqandakuvunda. umzimba umkhaza izinsuku ezimbili ukuba ilethwa izifo ezithathelwanayo ucwaningo egunjini lokucwaninga esibhedlela. Ngokwezibalo, u-20% arachnids kukhona abathwali izifo ezithathelwanayo.

namazeze

On insimu yezwe lasakazekela 400 zama-namazeze. engavamile wabo ukuthi isilwane ngasinye kunezinhlobo zalo siqu. izinja ectoparasites - Ctenocephalides inja. Izinambuzane okwesibili wingless, baye bazivumelanisa parasitize esikhumbeni. Ziyakwazi kuyingozi ngoba babesuka izilwane kubantu okuphambene nalokho, njengoba eyisinambuzane igazi-abancela. Cishe ngo-10% sabantu ingatholakala noboya inja. chips Black (izinsalela igazi kugaywe) ngemuva - a KWAMAGUNDANE isitifiketi zigcwele, kusale droppings yabo.

Izinambuzane mancane esebenzayo phakathi nenkathi ebandayo, kodwa ihlobo spring isilwane ukuletha izinkinga omkhulu: ukuluma nomzimba, ukubukeka izilonda ezibuhlungu emzimbeni, zokuthelela izimuncagazi yangaphakathi nezifo ezithathelwanayo, kuhlanganise isifo, esiyingozi abantu. Namazeze ukuphila ngokuvumelana iminyaka emibili, ebeka amaqanda abo lowo doti futhi igundane Burrows. Izibungu zifane izimpethu emhlophe. Ngakho-ke, ukucutshungulwa isilwane izinwele kufanele kuhlanganiswe disinsection ekhaya. Zinambuzane isizukulwane esisha ephansi anobuthi izilwane futhi ithengiswe ngesimo amathonsi, amashampu, ezinjengenyanga futhi izifutho.

izintwala

I ectoparasites ezivamile zamakati - ke izintwala, nakuba ziseZwini zonke ezifuywayo ukuthi kufanele noboya. Izinambuzane aphuzi-grey umbala nge esikhulu quadrangular ikhanda flat nomzimba omncane ifinyelela Usayizi wokugcina 2 mm, kodwa ande ngokushesha kakhulu: zesifazane ongabeka kuze kufinyelele amaqanda engamakhulu ngokuqinile exhunywe izinwele. Ngenyanga ka izibungu molt ngemva kathathu abadala kwakhiwa, engafanele ukuhlala eside ngaphandle izinwele isilwane. Ukudla kwabo - ishq isikhumba nezinwele. Abanaso simbe igazi, kodwa abayeki ezithelo zabo, sise imiphetho amanxeba noma imihuzuko.

Izintwala zinto azibe phezu kwesikhumba womuntu, ngoba bethanda ukushisa. Ngenxa yalesi sici kulula ukuthola phezu ezifuywayo. Ubufakazi obanelisayo ukuletha ikati esikhipha isibani, futhi ngemva kwemizuzu embalwa ectoparasites uzoqoqa phezu amathiphu of izinwele, lathinta ukushisa. Elinegciwane nezintwala ungakwazi ngisho izilwane musa ukushiya ikhaya: e namagundane, ngokungabi bikho kwesimiso sokuthutha indle, ukudla okunomsoco, okuqukethwe egumbini emanzi. Izintwala - abathwali gemobartenelleza, izikelemu ngisho eziningi izifo ezisongela impilo isilwane. Ukuze uzisuse, kubalulekile hhayi kuphela ukusebenzisa zinambuzane, kodwa futhi nekama izibungu by Isifaniso nale ndoda.

batshelwa-ngomnikelo omncane

Ectoparasites - akusiwona nje eziphilayo phezu kwesikhumba, kodwa futhi eyisinambuzane, ekujuleni epidermis. Kuyinto omele abavelele balo olwenziwa ukuluma noma Sarcptes scabiei. Ngenxa yobukhulu bayo encane, bheka-ke ngeso lenyama akunakwenzeka, kodwa amathrekhi ebashiya, ezihambelayo ungqimba Horny we epidermis nezimpawu eczema - isiqinisekiso ukutheleleka womuntu utwayi. Izindlela ukutheleleka - iyona ukuxhumana isiguli noma izinto zasekhaya jikelele. Ukuze izimpawu ezisobala ezidinga kokungenela yezokwelapha yilezi:

• Ukulunywa, sibi ebusuku.
• Kancane ebonakalayo emgqeni isikhumba (8 mm) nge iminonjana ukuqubuka emaceleni.
• Imidwebo.
• Ukwakheka ubovu soma.
• Kwasendaweni ezindaweni obucayi kakhulu isikhumba (ingane - wonke umzimba).

Susa umkhaza ngaphandle kokwelashwa engenakwenzeka. izidakamizwa Antiparasitic iphathwa wonke umzimba wesiguli. Ngaphakathi kukhona antihistamine, nazo zonke izingubo nendlu izinto obala ukuwapheka ngesitimu kunokuwabilisa noma thumba.

ukuphathwa okuphoqelekile okwenziwa ezikhungweni ectoparasites

Lokho kuhlanganisa?

• Izinyathelo (imigomo, magciwane uzenzele isimiso esingeqisi zokuhlala, ukwelashwa kokuvimbela izinwele isilwane izifutho nyangazonke obalulekile kusuka ngomhla ka-April kuya ku-November, kungakhathaliseki uhamba isilwane).
• Ukuhambisana ezempilo nezokuphepha kanye nokugcinwa ekhaya isilwane.
• Wokuhlola ngezikhathi yoboya futhi isikhumba isilwane, ikakhulukazi ngemva ukuhamba.
• Inkambo yokwelashwa lokuxhumana nge amafomu ezithathelwanayo lesi sifo emkhayeni (utwayi, pediculosis).
• Ecwaninga emva kokwelashwa ukuze izintwala noma izintwala ukutheleleka. Okuphoqelekile sanitizing yonke ekhaya.