Ingabe Zikhona Izimo Ezenza imvelo ezingaphili: definition nezibonelo. Ithonya zici bemvelo ezingaphili ukuphila komuntu

Lemvelo - kwenye yezingxenye eziyisisekelo biology ukuthi etadisha nokuxhumana eziphilayo nemvelo. Imvelo kuhlanganisa izici ezahlukene of Animate nemvelo ezingaphili. Zingaba ezingokwenyama futhi amakhemikhali. Phakathi kwabokuqala kungenziwa ngokuthi lokushisa air, imisebe yelanga, amanzi, isakhiwo kwenhlabathi kanye ukushuba we ungqimba. Ingabe Zikhona Izimo Ezenza ezingaphili futhi zihlanganisa izingoma umhlabathi, umoya namanzi izinto encibilikayo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kukhona izici zokwakheka - eziphilayo ezihlala kule ndawo. On emvelweni wokuqala waqala ukukhuluma-yalolucwaningo 60 leminyaka elidlule, kwavela ezivela ezimpikweni ezifana nomlando yemvelo, Koto abathintekayo kokuma eziphilayo kanye nencazelo yabo. Isihloko esilandelayo sizophendula ukuchaza izenzakalo ezihlukahlukene athonya imvelo. Ngaphezu kwalokho kwatholakala ukuthi izinto ezifana imvelo ezingaphili.

ulwazi olujwayelekile

Ukuze uqale ukuthola ukuthi kungani izinto eziphilayo ukuphila ke ezindaweni ezithile. Lo mbuzo setha zemvelo phakathi nesifundo zomhlaba, lapho wenza uhlu lwezimfanelo akubo bonke esinemizwa. Khona-ke Kwakubonakalisiwe izici ezimbili iye yabonakala kuyo yonke insimu. Eyokuqala - esifundeni omusha ngamunye kuchazwe izinhlobo ezintsha zezinto eziphilayo ezingafakwanga Kutholwe ngaphambili. They xhumelela uhlu kubhaliswe ngokusemthethweni. Okwesibili - kungakhathaliseki ukuthi inani elikhulayo zilwane, zikhona eziningana uhlobo lwezinto ezinkulu eziphilayo, okuyinto basuke bagxila endaweni eyodwa. Ngakho, biomes - umphakathi ezinkulu ezihlala ezweni. Iqembu ngalinye has isakhiwo ayo, okuyinto ubuswa kwezimila. Kodwa kungani ezingxenyeni ezihlukahlukene zezwe, ngisho nokuba umuntu ekude komunye nomunye, ungathola amaqembu afanayo eziphilayo? Ake siphenye.

abantu

EYurophu Melika kukhona bezibona uMuntu wenziwa ukuze anqobe bemvelo. Kodwa namuhla kwaba sobala ukuthi abantu - ingxenye imvelo, hhayi okuphambene nalokho. Ngakho-ke, umphakathi bayosinda kuphela uma kuba imvelo uyaphila (izitshalo, amagciwane, isikhunta nezilwane). Umsebenzi oyinhloko esintwini ukulondoloza isimiso semvelo soMhlaba. Kodwa ukuze unqume ukuthi yini ukwenza, kudingeka sifunde imithetho nokuxhumana eziphilayo. Ingabe Zikhona Izimo Ezenza imvelo ezingaphili zibaluleke ngokukhethekile ekuphileni kobuntu. Ngokwesibonelo, akusona ukuthi kubaluleke amandla elanga imfihlo. Inikeza ukugeleza okusimeme izinqubo eziningi izitshalo, kuhlanganise namasiko. Basuke abantu ukhulile, ukuhlinzeka ngokwabo nge ukudla.

yizici zemvelo bemvelo ezingaphili

Ezindaweni ukuthi abe sezulu njalo, owakhiwe biomes yohlobo olufanayo. Yiziphi izici bemvelo ezingaphili akhona ngaso sonke? Ake sicacise lokhu. Izimila kunqunywa ngenxa yesimo sezulu kanye ukubukeka umphakathi - ngezithukuthuku kwezimila. Factor bemvelo ezingaphili ilanga. Eduze imisebe yenkabazwe iwe zibheka phansi. Ngenxa yalokho, izitshalo tropical uthole ultraviolet ngaphezulu. Amandla wale misebe, okuyinto bawe zindawo eziphakeme Earth ntekenteke eduze nenkabazwe.

ilanga

Kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi ngenxa enyakazayo ukutsheka eMhlabeni ezindaweni ezahlukene nokushintshashintsha kwezinga lokushisa. Ngaphezu ezindaweni ezishisayo. Sun obhekene izinga lokushisa of the medium. Ngokwesibonelo, ngenxa imisebe mpo ezindaweni ezishisayo kugcinwa njalo kushisa. Ngaphansi kwezimo ezinjalo, ukukhula plant yanda. On zinhlobo ukwehluka insimu inikezwe kuthonywa lokushisa ekushintshashintsheni.

umswakama

ezingaphili imvelo izici zihlobe- nomunye. Ngakho, umswakama incike lemali eyatholakala kusukela UV futhi lokushisa. Umoya ofudumele igcina umhwamuko kunokuba abandayo. Phakathi emoyeni Ukupholisa, 40% umswakama uba, ocwilayo emhlabathini ngesimo namazolo, iqhwa noma imvula. Ngo esifundeni yenkabazwe afudumele nomoya kuyanda, punctured, futhi ke selehlile. Ngenxa yalokho, kwezinye izindawo, okuyinto zitholakala iseduze nenkabazwe, imvula ngamanani amakhulu. Izibonelo kungenziwa kubhekwe njengento esifundeni sase-Amazon, esemgwaqweni eNingizimu Melika, futhi echibini soMfula iCongo e-Afrika. Ngenxa lemali elikhulu kwezulu lapha kukhona ese. Ezindaweni lapho umoya uquqaba esikuthola kuya enyakatho naseningizimu ngesikhathi esifanayo, futhi emoyeni ayaphola phansi futhi uwela phansi, owelula ehlane. Ngaphezu kwalokho, uye ngasenyakatho, naseningizimu, US zindawo ye-Asia neYurophu, kushintsha njalo sezulu - ngenxa imimoya enamandla (ngezinye izikhathi kusukela ezishisayo, futhi ngezinye izikhathi - ngohlangothi abandayo polar).

inhlabathi

Isici sesithathu siwukuthi inhlabathi imvelo ezingaphili. It kunomphumela enamandla ku ukusatshalaliswa eziphilayo. Kusekelwe phezu Bedrock itjhatjalaliswe kwalokho of udaba eziphilayo (izitshalo efile). Uma kungekho imali edingekayo amaminerali, lesi sitshalo luyokhula kabi esikhathini esizayo kungase sonke siyafa. Umhlabathi kubaluleke ngokukhethekile kule nomsebenzi wezolimo. Njengoba sazi, kubantu kukhule izitshalo ezahlukene, abese kudliwa. Uma engenayo inhlabathi evundile, khona-ke, ngokufanelekile, lesi sitshalo ngeke bakwazi ukuthola zonke izinto zokwakha ezidingekayo kuwo. Futhi lokhu, esikhundleni salokho, phambili ukuthela ukulahlekelwa.

Ingabe Zikhona Izimo Ezenza izilwane zasendle

Noma yimuphi isitshalo akwenzeki ngokuphazima eceleni, futhi sizihlanganise namanye amalungu imvelo. Phakathi kwalezi isikhunta, izilwane, izitshalo ngisho namagciwane. Ukuhlobana phakathi kwabo zingase zishintshe kakhulu. Ukuzuza nomunye ziphethe elibi ephilayo ethile. Symbiosis - umfuziselo ukuxhumana phakathi kwabantu ahlukahlukene. Ngo abantu, le nqubo ibizwa ngokuthi "kuhlalisana" eziphilayo ezihlukahlukene. Okubaluleke ngendlela efanayo kulaba bantu izici bemvelo ezingaphili.

izibonelo

Okusizayo ubuhlobo okuzuzisayo omuhle angabhekwa ubudlelwano phakathi izimpande ezingeni eliphakeme izitshalo kanye mycelium boletus, birch kanye aspen futhi boletus. Esinye isibonelo esinjalo-nitrogen rhizobia kanye imidumba. Kuyadingeka ukwaba izilwane. Isibonelo engokomfanekiso nokuhlalisana ezinjalo kungenziwa ngokuthi inkabi yenkukhu nezilwane ezincelisayo. Enezimpiko nokuphila kwabantu ngabanye e-Afrika. Kukhona cishe konke ukuphila kwakhe esechitha eduze ezincelisayo herbivorous, vyklevyvaya zesikhumba izimuncagazi yabo. Ngakho, le nyoni njalo ukudla, lezi zilwane akabahluphi izinambuzane. Ingabe Zikhona Izimo Ezenza imvelo ezingaphili: ukukhanya, amanzi, ukukhahlamezeka kwendawo kanye nezakhi - yisimangaliso, Umncintiswano kwemithombo yezebhoduluko phakathi kwabantu kwezinye zezinhlobo. Kusho ukuthini? Kulokhu, kungenzeka ukusebenzisa ezinye izinsiza kuphela eziphilayo ezithile. Isibonelo mncintiswano kungenziwa ngokuthi i ehlathini. Lapha izihlahla bobudala obungefani "elwa" ngoba ukukhanya. Izitshalo ezimila okusheshayo, eduze emasimini kancane ekhula elangeni, okungase kubangele ukufa kwabo.

mncintiswano interspecific

Umhlaba njalo ufuna lokhuya elinye iqembu eziphilayo ne nezidingo okufanayo zezemvelo. Ngokwesibonelo, e exubile ihlathi oki ungaphila ancintisane hornbeam. eziphilayo ezahlukene kungathikameza kabi nomunye ngenxa izinto asebenzayo lapho secrete ku amanzi nomoya. Lezi zici imvelo ezingaphili kungaba ijubane inqubo yokukhula yezinye izitshalo noma avuse ukufa umzimba ngokuvamile. Dodder, broomrape, lathraea - lawa ezichumayo ezidala phakathi izitshalo. amagciwane ezidlayo kungabangela ukugula flora. Kwamanye kwezicubu isilwane izitshalo Abaphilayo ukudla. Ngokwesibonelo, cabangela izinkondlo, namagundane, izibungu futhi izinambuzane ezehlukene. Bonke abhekwa herbivorous. Emadlelweni izilwane ezidla izimila ezithile: agwema utshani nge ukunambitheka ababayo kanye ukunquma ngokunembile okuyinto zama-flora luwushevu. Noma nakhu esinye isibonelo: ivy, evala isiqu "izisulu" yakhe, losusa zonke ayo. Kodwa-Orchid elele amagatsha emithi, kuletha lutho olubi, usebenzisa izitshalo njengoba engokwemvelo. Emvelweni, konke kuhlobene. Futhi kufanele ivikeleke ngoba kunomthelela oqonde ngqo imisebenzi womuntu.