Biosystem - ke ... Umzimba njengoba biosystem

Biosystems - inethiwekhi eziyinkimbinkimbi izinhlangano eziphila efanele, kusukela global eNingizimu ye-athomu. Lokhu kubonisa umfanekiso nekutfutfuka kwelizinga lekucabanga amaningi zizalela uhlelo ngokwemvelo - imiphakathi eziphilayo, kwezitho nezicubu. I micro- futhi nanoscopic isikali izinhlelo izibonelo amaseli begazi, organelles, izakhiwo macromolecular futhi izindlela zokulawula.

Umzimba njengoba biosystem

Ngo biology, i umzimba yiliphi ohlanganisa uhlelo eziphilayo, kuhlanganise nezilwane, izitshalo, isikhunta, protists noma amagciwane. Zonke izinhlobo ezaziwayo zama-izidalwa Emhlabeni bayakwazi ngezinga elithile ukuze nokusabela ezintweni, sakhe kabusha, sikhule, ziphenduke futhi self-lokulawula (homeostasis).

Umzimba njengoba biosystem siqukethe amaseli eyodwa noma ngaphezulu. Iningi eziphilayo owumphumela kuyinto encane ebonakala ngesibonakhulu, futhi ngenxa yalokho, eyakho izilokazane ezincane. Abantu - kuba eziphilayo ezinamangqamuzana amaningi ehlanganisa izigidigidi eziningi amaseli zib amathishu ayisipesheli eziyishumi nemitshingo.

Kaningi nokwehluka eziphilayo

Kulinganiselwa ukuthi ezinhlobo yesimanje Earth isukela 10 laya ezigidini ezingu-14, ezingaba ngu-1.2 million kuphela ezihlelwe bodokotela.

Igama elithi "umzimba" kuhlobene ngokuqondile elithi "". It singachazwa ngokuthi umhlangano molecule ukusebenza sisonke ucishe esitebeleni, lapho liveza izakhiwo zokuphila. Umzimba njengoba biosystem - noma yisiphi isakhiwo eziphilayo, ezifana isitshalo, isilwane, ukhunta noma amagciwane, ukhule okungaba futhi uphindaphinde. Okhipha amagciwane yabantu kungenzeka eziphilayo wezinto ezingaphili, ngoba incike indlela kwamakhemikhali iseli aphethe.

Umzimba womuntu njengoba biosystem

Akunakwenzeka ukuba umzimba womuntu futhi ngokuthi biosystem. Kuyinto isiqalo nesigcino zonke izinhlaka. Imizimba yethu yakhiwa eziningi eziphilayo ukuthi imisebenzi ethize ezidingekile ekuphileni kwansuku zonke.

• Umsebenzi Ihlelo lokukhambisa iingazi ukuhambisa igazi, izakhi, umoya-mpilo, isikhutha hormone ukuze kwezitho nezicubu. Siqukethe inhliziyo, igazi, imithambo yegazi, ekhipha igazi enhliziyweni nelifakayo.
• Isimiso sokugaya ukudla bungene siqukethe uchungechunge zemizimba exhunyiwe, okuyinto ndawonye ukuvumela umzimba ukuncela futhi ekugayeni ukudla, kanye wahlanganyela ukuphathwa kwemfucuza. Lihlanganisa umlomo, emphinjeni, esiswini, amathumbu amancane, ikholoni, ingemuva kanye ingquza. Pancreas futhi ukudlala indima ebalulekile isimiso sokugaya ukudla bungene, ngoba ukukhiqiza ayo wokugaya ukudla.
• Uhlelo endocrine yakhiwa nezindlala eyisishiyagalombili emikhulu ukuthi hormone lingene egazini. La ma-hormone, esikhundleni salokho, ukuhamba ezicutshini ezahlukene kanye nokulawula imisebenzi ezihlukahlukene zomzimba.
• Amasosha omzimba ukuvikela umzimba ephikisana amagciwane nezinye Amagciwane ayingozi. Kuhlanganisa ama-lymph node, ubende, umnkantsha, amangqamuzana amhlophe igazi nama-lymphocyte.
• Uhlelo lymph kuhlanganisa lymph node, Amapayipi kakhulu futhi imithambo yegazi, futhi nakho kunendima okuyifezayo njengoba umzimba ozivikela. Injongo yayo oyinhloko - kuyinto ukwakha bese ukuhambisa i-lymph, uketshezi esicacile equkethe egazi amhlophe ezisiza umzimba ekulweni nezifo ezithathelwanayo. Uhlelo lymph futhi kususa ngokweqile uketshezi lymph kusuka ezicutshini zomzimba silubuyisele kuze kufike egazini.
• isimiso sezinzwa elawula kokubili yokuzithandela (isibonelo, inhlangano bayazi) nezenzo okungalindelekile (isib emishinini yokuphefumula), futhi ithumela izimpawu izingxenye ezihlukahlukene zomzimba. Isimiso sezinzwa esiyinhloko ihlanganisa asebuchosheni nomgogodla. I-peripheral nervous system siqukethe Inanezinzwa ezixhumanisa ngamunye ingxenye yomzimba ukuze isimiso sezinzwa esiyinhloko.
• Uhlelo kwemisipha emzimbeni yakhiwa cishe 650 imisipha, ezisiza kule nhlangano, kwegazi futhi enze eziningi nezinye imisebenzi yomzimba.

• uhlelo ezalayo evumela abantu nokuzala. Zabesilisa uhlelo zokuzala ihlanganisa umthondo futhi testes, okuyinto ekhiqiza isidoda njalo. Insikazi uhlelo zokuzala siqukethe sangasese, kwesibeletho futhi ezikhiqiza amaqanda. Ngesikhathi sokuhlala kwesisu, isidoda fuse iqanda, okuyinto kwakha Iqanda elivundisiwe, okuyinto lukhula esibelethweni.
• Imizimba yethu osekelwa nohlaka lwamathambo, ehlanganisa 206 amathambo, ezixhunywe imisipha, nemisipha futhi uqwanga. Skeleton Asigcini ukuba ukuthutha, kodwa nawo uhilelekile kule ukukhiqizwa kwamangqamuzana egazi kanye isitoreji calcium. Amazinyo nazo ingxenye nohlaka lwamathambo, kodwa musa ukubala amathambo.
• Uhlelo zokuphefumula uyakwazi ukuthola umoya-mpilo obalulekile futhi ususe carbon dioxide kunqubo ukuthi ukushayela ukuphefumula. It bahlanganisa ikakhulu uqhoqhoqho wamaphaphu diaphragm.
• Uhlelo urinary kusiza ukuqeda umkhiqizo imfucuza ngokuthi urea kusuka emzimbeni. Siqukethe nezinso zombili, ureters ezimbili, isinye, le urethra nemisipha ezimbili sphincter. Umchamo kuveza izinso, ushukumiseleka phansi ureters ku esinyeni futhi akube kusakhulunywa ngaye umzimba ngokusebenzisa urethra.
• Isikhumba yisona sakhiwo elikhulu umzimba womuntu. It kusivikela ngaphandle kwezwe, amagciwane kanye nezinye amagciwane, kanye nokusiza alawule izinga lokushisa komzimba nokugeleza ukuqeda imfucuza ngokusebenzisa ukujuluka. Ngaphezu isikhumba, uhlelo integumentary ihlanganisa izinwele nezinzipho.

izitho ezibalulekile

Kubantu, kukhona ezinhlanu ezibalulekile izitho, okuyizinto ezidingekayo ukuze baphile. Kuyinto ubuchopho, inhliziyo, izinso, isibindi namaphaphu.

• Ubuchopho bomuntu liyisikhungo ukulawula umzimba, ethola bese bedlulisela izimpawu nezinye izitho ngokusebenzisa isimiso sezinzwa futhi ngokusebenzisa hormone ethakwa. Yena unesibopho imicabango yethu, imizwa, izinkumbulo futhi umbono jikelele emhlabeni.
• Izibilini nenhliziyo yomuntu unesibopho uzotshala egazi emzimbeni wethu.
• Umsebenzi izinso ukuba akhiphe ukungcola kanye okuphuzwayo kakhulu egazini.
• Isibindi has imisebenzi eminingi, kuhlanganise ngokukhishwa kobuthi egazini amakhemikhali, wokugoqa kwemithi igazi filtration, uketshezi of Bile futhi ukukhiqizwa amaprotheni ngoba igazi ekunqandeni.
• Amaphaphu banesibopho ukususwa-oksijini evela emoyeni esiwuphefumulayo bese ukudluliselwa kwalo ngegazi lethu, lapho ingathunyelwa emangqamuzaneni ethu. Amaphaphu futhi ususe carbon dioxide ukuthi exhale.

amaqiniso fun

• Umzimba womuntu inamaseli-100 trillion.
• Umuntu omdala isilinganiso eyisola 20,000 umoya ngosuku.
• Nsuku zonke mayelana 200 efihlekile welashelwa kwekota (50 amalitha) wegazi ukuhlunga mayelana 2 amalitha amahlanu amanzi nokusaphaza.
• abantu abadala ezishisa kakhulu zikhipha izinhlayiyana cishe ikota yebahlali nengxenye (1.42 amalitha) umchamo usuku ngalunye.
• Ubuchopho bomuntu iqukethe yizigidi eziyizinkulungwane 100 ezinzwa.
• Amanzi yakha ngaphezu kuka-amaphesenti angu-50 isisindo umzimba womuntu omdala.

Kungani umzimba ngokuthi biosystem?

A umzimba ophilayo yinhlangano ethile yokuphila ndaba. Kuyinto biosystem, okuyinto, njenganoma yiluphi olunye uhlelo, kantsi sicuketse loku izakhi oxhumene, ezifana amangqamuzana, amangqamuzana, izicubu, izitho. Konke kuleli zwe ngento kunqunywa umzimba wokwehlayo nokungapheleli esakuzuza ophilayo. Lokhu kusho ukuthi ama-molecule enziwe amaseli, amangqamuzana - izicubu kusukela izicubu - izidumbu kwezitho - izinhlelo isitho. Izakhiwo Biosystems futhi zihlanganisa ukuvela, okusho ukuthi izinga ukubukeka izici ezintsha, lapho izakhi kuhlanganiswe abakhona futhi engekho amazinga eyedlule.

Cell njengoba biosystem

A esitokisini olulodwa kungabuye ngokuthi i biosystem ephelele. Lona lisisakhiwo esesikhundleni isakhiwo ayo futhi umzimba. It uyakwazi khona kwayona, sakhe kabusha ngokwabo nokuthuthukisa imithetho yabo. Ngo biology, kukhona yonke section elalinikezelwe cwaningo waso, owayebizwa ngokuthi Cytology naweselula biology.

Cage - uhlelo eziphilayo aphansi, okuhlanganisa izingxenye ngabanye anezici ezithile, uma uzogcina isibopho sabo.

isimiso esiyinkimbinkimbi

Biosystem siqukethe uhlobo olufanayo ophilayo ndaba macromolecules futhi labantu amaseli kanye nemvelo. It has amazinga ezilandelayo yenhlangano:

• isakhi sofuzo ezingeni;
• emangqamuzaneni;
• kwezitho isitho izinhlelo;
• eziphilayo kanye nezinhlelo;
• labantu kanye labantu izinhlelo;
• imiphakathi kanye nemvelo.

izingxenye begazi amazinga ezihlukahlukene inhlangano ngendlela ethile uxhumana imvelo ezingaphili, amandla nezinye izingxenye abiotic futhi izinto. Kuye ngezinga, izinhlelo ezahlukene ayisihloko ezihlukahlukene eyala. Zofuzo abathintekayo zofuzo, ngamangqamuzana cell Cytology ucabangela. Ngemizimba livele izitho zomzimba. Ichthyology study eziphilayo, i-microbiology, Ornithology, anthropology nokunye.