Amazing Semiconductor kudivayisi - a diode Umhubhe

Lapho eseyinsizwa efundela ezomthetho mshini ekulungiseni i-AC endaweni contact ezindaweni ezimbili ezahlukene - the Semiconductor kanye metal, liye hypothesized ukuthi kusekelwe okuthiwa mhubhe kwenkokhiso zenethiwekhi. Nokho, ngaleso sikhathi (ngo-1932) ezingeni yentuthuko Semiconductor ubuchwepheshe ayivunyelwe ukuqinisekisa conjecture empirically. Kuphela ngo-1958, usosayensi Japanese Esaki wakwazi ukuze uqinisekise ukuthi lolungenamaphutsa, ukudala Umhubhe diode wokuqala emlandweni. Ngenxa izinga layo amazing (isib, isivinini), lo mkhiqizo uye yabakhanga ongoti emikhakheni ehlukahlukene lobuchwepheshe. Kuwufanele ukuchaza ukuthi diode - idivayisi electronic, okuyinto i association of umzimba owodwa izinto ezimbili ezihlukene kokuba izinhlobo ezahlukene conductivity. Ngakho-ke, kagesi kungaba engena kulo e isiqondiso eyodwa kuphela. Ukushintsha Imiphumela polarity e "ukuvala" we diode futhi ukwandisa ukumelana layo. Ukwandisa voltage kuholela 'baphuka ".

Cabanga indlela Umhubhe diode. Classic rectifier kudivayisi Semiconductor isebenzisa crystal kokuba eziningi ukungcola bengekho ngaphezu kwama-10 eneminyaka engu-17 degree (idigri -3 isentimitha). Futhi njengoba lokhu ipharamitha ngokuqondile ahlobene nesibalo khulula icala zenethiwekhi, kuvela ukuthi esikhathini esidlule alinakuba ezingaphezu kuka imingcele ebekiwe.

Kukhona ifomula evumela ukucacisa ukushuba we zone Lesisemkhatsini (ushintsho PN):

L = ((E * (Uk-U)) / (2 * Pi * q)) * ((Na + Nd) / (Na * Nd)) * 1050000,

lapho Na futhi Nd - nenani abanikeli ionized futhi acceptors, ngokulandelana; Pi - 3,1416; q - ukubaluleka we icala electron; U - isicelo voltage; Uk - umehluko nekhono ngesikhathi shintsho; E - ukubaluleka njalo Kwe-dielectric Heating.

Ngenxa yalo ifomula Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi i-PN inguqulelo diode isici ongaphakeme amandla classical ensimini kanye ukushuba elikhulu. Lokho electron ungathola zone khulula, badinga amandla extra (wanginika kusukela ngaphandle).

Umhubhe diodes asetshenziswa ukwakhiwa izinhlobo ezinjalo Semiconductors, okuyinto ushintshe okuqukethwe okuphothula-10 kuya ku-20 degree (idigri -3 amasentimitha), okuyinto i-oda ihlukile yibo classical. Lokhu kuholela ekuncipheni okukhulu ukushuba we nqubo, ukwanda okukhulu kwezincwadi umfutho ensimini esifundeni PN consequently okuvela Umhubhe ushintsho uma ufaka i-electron kuma-band Valence akadingi energy ezengeziwe. Lokhu kwenzeka ngoba amandla ezingeni izinhlayiya akashintshi njengoba umgoqo ndima. Umhubhe diode kuyinto esihlukile kalula kusukela evamile yayo volt angu-ampere isici. Lo mphumela kudala uhlobo yokwanda kuso - umehluko negative ukumelana. Ngenxa yalesi mhubhe diodes kabanzi kumadivayisi ephezulu imvamisa (ukujiya ukunciphisa PN igebe kwenza idivayisi a high-speed ezifana), olunembile imishini sokulinganisa, ugesi, futhi-ke, ama-computer.

Nakuba zamanje uma umphumela Umhubhe uyakwazi ageleze zombili izinkomba, ngokuxhuma ngqo amaphaphu diode ku inyuka inguqulelo zone, wanciphisa inani electron uyakwazi mhubhe ndima. voltage ukwanda kuholela ukunyamalala ephelele wamanje mhubhe kanye nomphumela kuphela ngokukhukhumala kwentamo abavamile (njengoba ku diode zakudala).

Kukhona omunye omele amadivayisi ezinjalo - diode emuva. Limelela efanayo Umhubhe diode, kodwa izakhiwo ezishintshwe. Umehluko wukuthi ukubaluleka conductivity yoxhumano reverse, lapho idivayisi evamile ekulungiseni "PUK", kuba kunaleyo oqondile. I izakhiwo ezisele sihambisana Umhubhe diode: ukusebenza, ukuzinyeza umsindo, ikhono qondanisa yezingxenye onhlobonhlobo.