Hypothesis Planck sika: ekuqaleni izwe quantum

Lesi sihloko sichaza ukuthi umbono ka Planck, ngubani umsunguli wayo, futhi kwakubaluleke kangakanani ukuthuthukiswa yesayensi yanamuhla. eboniswe Futhi ukubaluleka imibono quantization wonke sekuba yinto enkulu.

Smartphone kanye quantum physics

Ezweni lanamuhla elisizungezile ubuchwepheshe ezahlukene kakhulu konke wayejwayelene eminye iminyaka eyikhulu edlule. Konke lokhu lenziwa latholakala kuphela ngenxa yokuthi ekuqaleni kwekhulu lamashumi amabili, ososayensi baye anqobe isithiyo esikhulu futhi ekugcineni aqonde: the ketshezi abancane akuyona okuqhubekayo. Futhi Ngavula ngenkathi nokucabanga kwakhe umuntu emangalisayo - Maks Plank.

Biography Planck

Igama lakhe: omunye constants ngokomzimba, ezothando quantum, iningi lososayensi eJalimane, netshe elisemkhathini wentaba enyangeni, isibonakude emkhathini. ngomfanekiso waKhe ukuthi uqoshwe zemali futhi libhalwe izitembu banknotes. Umuntu kwaba kanjani Maks Plank? Yazalwa ngo-Maphakathi nekhulu le-nesishiyagalolunye, umndeni German yizicukuthwane ozihluphekelayo. Phakathi okhokho baso babengabapristi abameli eziningi ezinhle futhi abefundisi. imfundo M.Plank kwakukuhle, kodwa izazi zesayensi nozakwethu Entela ebizwa ke "self-wafundisa". Ulwazi oluyisisekelo usosayensi engasithola ezincwadini.

hypothesis Planck wazalwa aphume ngoba kucatshangwa ukuthi kwakuthiwa etholakala. futhi wayephethe "isayensi iyona ebaluleke kakhulu" Isimiso emsebenzini wakhe ngokwesayensi. Esikhathini Okokuqala kweMpi Yezwe Planck bazama ukugcina oxhumana nozakwethu bezinye izizwe abavela emaqenjini abaphikisi eJalimane. Ukufika amaNazi wambamba njengoba umqondisi nomphakathi omkhulu ngokwesayensi - futhi usosayensi wawuhloselwe ukuvikela abasebenzi babo, wasiza siye kwamanye amazwe ukuze labo ababaleka umbuso. Ngakho ukuthi umbono ka Planck akuyena kuphela yena sasihlonishwa. Nokho, akakaze obala wakhuluma ngokumelene Hitler, ngokusobala eqaphela ukuthi yini ukulimaza ngokwabo kuphela, kodwa futhi bakwazi ukusiza labo ababedinga ukuphiliswa. Ngeshwa, izazi zesayensi eziningi lalingasamukeli lesi isikhundla Planck futhi wayeka elihambisana naye. Wayefanele izingane ezinhlanu, lomncane kanye kuphela abasinda uyise. Koonyana bakaRubhen, owamazibulo wathatha okokuqala, phakathi - seMpi yoMhlaba yesiBili. namadodakazi amabili zazifile ebeletha. Kulokhu, abantu besikhathi kuqashelwe ukuthi kuphela lendlu wawuyizingalo Planck yena.

imithombo Quanta

Kusukela esikoleni isazi nentshisekelo umthetho wesibili wokushintsha kwamandla nokwakheka. It sifundeka kanje: iyiphi inqubo kuphela okwandisa isiphithiphithi ukulahlekelwa amandla noma okusindayo. Yena waqala ukuba zisungule ke ngale ndlela - ngokuya entropy, ezingasetshenziswa ukwandisa kuphela ohlelweni thermodynamic. Kamuva, lo msebenzi uye waholela umbono wokuthi Planck yodumo zavela. Ube engumlobi njalo omunye labo wethula isiko ukwabelana mathematics ne-physics, cishe udala kwesigaba theory lakamuva. Phambi kwakhe ngaso sonke natural sciences babe exubile, futhi ucwaningo kwakwenziwa laboratories olulodwa, okuyinto cishe akazange zihluke alchemical.

Umbono ka Quanta

Ukuhlaziya entropy amagagasi kagesi ngaphakathi kwemigomo ye-oscillators, futhi esekelwe idatha zokuhlola etholwe ngokuba ezinsukwini ezimbili ngaphambi Okthoba 19, 1900, ososayensi Planck kwaletha esinye ifomula okuyinto kamuva ababizwa ngegama lakhe. It uxhuma amandla futhi nombono we lokushisa ngemisebe (esimweni nokukhawulela ngoba blackbody). Ukuze ngakusasa ozakwabo ngaphansi kokuqondisa Rubens bazama ukuqinisekisa lo mbono. Futhi wayenembile! Nokho, ukufakazela kwakuthiwa levela lo mbono ifomula futhi ngaleyo ndlela ugweme elingapheli uhlobo ayinkimbinkimbi zezibalo Planck kwadingeka bavume ukuthi amandla asebenza ezintweni ekusakazeni hhayi okuqhubekayo, njengoba ababekucabanga, futhi izingxenye ngabanye (E = hν). Lendlelanchubo yakhiwe idilizwe yonke imibono ekhona we okuqinile. hypothesis Planck sika quantum yashintsha physics.

Umthelela wale quantization

Ekuqaleni, usosayensi akabonanga ukubaluleka kangakanani lokhu ayekutholile. Okwesikhathi esithile, yasetshenziselwa ifomula kuphela ezifuywa njengendlela elula ukunciphisa inani imisebenzi zezibalo ukubala. Ngesikhathi esifanayo njengoba Planck nabanye ososayensi wasebenzisa kwesibalo esiqhubekayo Maxwell. Confused h njalo nje, okuyinto akakwazanga ukuphatha ukunikeza incazelo ngokomzimba. kamuva kuphela Albert Eynshteyn noPawulu Ehrenfest, ukufunda zonke izenzakalo entsha radioactivity futhi uzama ukuthola ukulungisiswa zezibalo we spectra optical, bakuqaphela ukubaluleka lokho Planck hypothesis. Kuthiwa umbiko lapho ifomula yaqale kwenziwa lo quantization yamandla, uye kwavula inkathi entsha ye physics. Mhlawumbe, Einstein waba ngowokuqala bona ekuqaleni. Ngakho-ke ukuze credit yakhe kakhulu.

Kuyini quantized

Zonke uthi angathatha kunoma iyiphi izinhlayiya aphansi kukhona leyehlukene. Electronic abanjwe kungenzeka etholakala kuphela emazingeni athile. Excitation athomu njengoba inqubo okuphambene - ekushayweni kwenzeka okungajwayelekile kakhulu. Noma yimuphi nokuxhumana kagesi - ukushintshana izinhlayiyana eziningi zokukhanya eneji ezifanele. Amandla athomu lwesintu kunganqandwa kuphela ukuqonda uhlobo ezehlukene amazinga amandla. Sethemba, manje ukuthi abafundi ngeke unombuzo, uyini umbono ka Planck, futhi yini luba nomthelela ukuhlangana nezwe lesimanje, okusho ukuthi ngamunye abantu.