Uyini idatha? nedatha

Idatha - ezihlukahlukene izinhlobo zolwazi, systematized ngu nemingcele ethile nge ifomu. Uyini idatha? Evamile, lokhu kuyiso sonke isibopho bungabalwa, futhi afingqe, ekhona ngesimo thize noma isethi amafomula noma isisho ezinombolo. Lokho lonke ulwazi ethile kuncike endaweni, okuyinto zingafakwa iphethini noma i-matrix.

isicelo

Ezamukelwe unikeze idatha eziyisisekelo izinhlobo kusekelwe emigomweni yabo namanani (engasho lutho) futhi imisebenzi ukuthi engenziwa nabo. Inqubo esetshenziswa kabanzi zezinombolo idatha, imali, uhlamvu, isikhathi nosuku.

Ibhesi: definition nomlando

Database (DB) - iqoqo idatha ihlelwe ekuxhumaneni elilungile kanye ukuthola ukufinyelela okusheshayo kubo. Le nqubo yenza umsebenzisi ukusebenza lemiqulu emikhulu Imininingwane imithombo, ukuchitha ubuncane isikhathi nomzamo. Base - into kushintsha njalo esimweni saso mayelana idatha efakiwe. Inzuzo ebaluleke kakhulu ngesisekelo yokuthi uma usebenza ngolwazi singazi kubuzwa lo mbuzo hhayi, yini idatha, futhi lokho oda kufanele sinikezwe? Zonke izinsiza ulwazi, yethulwa kuleli computer, basakaza ngokuzenzekelayo futhi systematized database. Ukuvela akunakubangelwa 1955, lapho siye safunda ukuba icubungule idatha nge ehlelwe ifayela imodeli futhi uwugcine ku Punch amakhadi.

Izinhlobo yolwazi kanye nemisebenzi yabo

Yolwazi kukhona eyodwa futhi basakaza. I database eyodwa iyinhlangano uhlaka olulodwa, ukufinyelela okuyinto yaphelela kusuka kunoma iyiphi ikhompyutha. egciniwe Okusatshalalisiwe yakhiwa izingxenye disparate agcinwe imishini ezahlukene kunethiwekhi. Lolu lwazi kuhlangene elawula uhlelo olukhethekile.

isizinda Ungase futhi ziyehluka izindawo ngezindawo, futhi ngezinye izikhathi ingaba umthombo wendawo noma kwenethiwekhi. Njengoba isitoreji ulwazi usebenzisa i imemori yangaphandle (idrayivu kanzima), noma optical inkumbulo akwazi ukugcina iseva.

Noma yimuphi imisebenzi idatha abazenzi esebenzisa izinhlelo zokulawula - izinhlelo ezikhethekile. Zifeza izinyathelo ezilandelayo:

• Ukwakha database;
• okuqukethwe;
• isitoreji;
• ukufinyelela ukuphepha nobumfihlo idatha;
• idatha ukunyakaza kanye nokuxhumana kwabo nezinye izinhlelo;
• izinguquko;
• ukucinga;
• kumiswa sokugcina izimpendulo izicelo.

ukusebenza Esenziwe Lula kwanoma iyiphi uhlelo lokulawula kungenziwa elabekwa kanje: ukudalwa database entsha - kufakwa nokuhlela - ukucutshungulwa kolwazi database (okungukuthi idatha, idatha elikhona base, njengoba zingase babeqoqana) - Imiphumela.

Ithebula isakhiwo idatha

Ukuze silondoloze ulwazi ithebula semininingwane idatha asetshenziswa. isakhiwo esinjalo kuyadingeka ukunquma ikheli idatha ku database, it is eyenziwe empambana lemigqa namakholomu ethebuleni. Isakhiwo database Amasimu esibekiwe (amakholomu), kanye okuqukethwe - okufakiwe (imigqa).

Uyini idatha? Ingabe lokuhlukile okungasetshenziswa ukufaka endaweni emikhakheni ethile. Fields adalwe ezithile idatha: usuku nesikhathi, integers, lwemali amayunithi, nezimpawu. emkhakheni ngamunye has impahla zayo siqu kuxhomeke ohlotsheni idatha okufakwayo, imisebenzi ukuthi kungenziwa nabo, futhi isibalo ufake izinhlamvu. Field ungacacisa igama kanye nesiginesha, ubude, kanye nezinye amagugu. Ngenxa yesimanje nobuchwepheshe semininingwane umsebenzi sisebenzise imininingwane isibe njengoba esheshayo futhi evumelana nokuthi izinto zobuchwepheshe zazo abenza lo msebenzi, uthenge ukubukeka compact futhi atholakale uhlelo lokulawula ngamunye.

Sithemba ulwazi enikezwa esihlokweni iyoba usizo.