Indlela Cytogenetic isifundo ufuzo

Cytogenetics kuyinto igatsha ahlukene isifundiso ufuzo, okuyinto uhlola ezahlukene, okokuqala nabezindaba waphawula (explicate) equkethe ulwazi mayelana yofuzo. abathwali ezinjalo izinhlobo chromosome ehlukahlukene (polytene, mitotic futhi meiotic) plastids, nuclei interphase, futhi ngezinga elincane - mitochondria.

Ngakho, indlela cytogenetic iqoqo izindlela kanye nobuchwepheshe cwaningo ngokuyinhloko Ama-chromosomes e ngesikhathi esibekela ipharamitha yabo ambalwa wenziwe incazelo chemical-yemvelo, sesenze uphenyo isakhiwo futhi izindlela yokuziphatha phakathi cell division. Inhloso Scientific yalolu cwaningo ukusungula ubudlelwano phakathi ubunjalo kanye namandla okubakhona izinguquko chromosome isakhiwo kanye iphethini, okubonisa kokuhlukana izimpawu.

Enye yezindawo ebaluleke kakhulu ucwaningo ophakamisa indlela cytogenetic iwukuba sihlaziye karyotype womuntu. Lolu cwaningo ngokuvamile eyenziwa amasiko lapho division kwenzeka kanye ocansini lamaseli ukuphathwa kwabathintwayo.

Isiko ezijwayeleke kakhulu lolu hlobo locwaningo - peripheral amangqamuzana egazi ezifana lymphocyte, fibroblasts futhi umnkantsha amaseli. isiko Iningi kufinyeleleke, elisetshenziswa cytogenetics yezokwelapha kukhona igazi lymphocyte. Isizathu salokhu wukuthi, njengoba umthetho, zingabantu isihloko ukuhlaziywa kule nkathi nangemuva kokuzalwa komntwana. Lapho ehlaziya karyotype fetus indlela cytogenetic kuhilela ukusetshenziswa cell amasiko, ekukhethweni zazo kungenxa yezici ezimbalwa. Chief phakathi kwalezi inkathi yokukhulelwa. Isibonelo, nge esingaphansi kwamasonto 12, ukuhlaziywa cytogenetic wama-chromosomes is best eyenziwa iqhaza amaseli chorionic, futhi lapho ekhulelwe phezu amasonto 12, kungcono sibheke ukutadisha amaseli fetus. Ngenxa yale njongo, zingabantu ngokuqondile esihlukile placenta negazi fetus.

Ukuze sithole karyotype cytogenetic indlela ukutadisha ifa kudinga ukuthola isampula yegazi e isamba hhayi ngaphansi kuka 2.1 ml. Kulokhu, indlela uqobo kuhilela nokwenza ucwaningo, ehlanganisa izigaba ezintathu eziyinhloko:

- nokuzihlukanisa culturing amaseli lapho ukuhlaziywa oyokwenziwa;

- powder izidakamizwa;

- kokuhlaziya izidakamizwa ngaphansi ngesibonakhulu.

Ngempumelelo indlela cytogenetic zofuzo kungaba kuphela uma kuhlangabezana nemibandela elandelayo. Okokuqala, kufanele kube inombolo ethile lamaseli metaphase esiteji. Okwesibili, ukutshala kufanele kwenziwe ngokuqinile ngokuhambisana nemithetho osungulwe futhi isikhathi esingekho ngaphansi kwamahora angama-72. Okwesithathu, nenkanuko edlulele kwamaseli kufanele kwenziwe nge isixazululo of acetic acid kanye methanol endaweni isilinganiso yalezi izinto nje 3: 1.

Ngesikhathi sigaba belungiselela yokudweba cwaningo cytogenetic kokukhethwa Umbala obomvu wenziwa ikhumbula kakhulu injongo yesifundo, okungukuthi, ukuthi uhlobo yokwanda koshintsho kufanele uhlole. Ezimweni eziningi, usebenzisa okuqhubekayo ukudaya indlela, ngoba elula ukucacisa ipharamitha ambalwa wama-chromosomes. Ucwaningo lwamuva uye wasebenzisa kakhulu indlela staining ukucacisa kahle kwezinso karyotype e quantified yabo. Kodwa inqubo cytogenetic ezinjalo kwenza kube nokwenzeka ukunquma futhi ukukhomba Dynamics kwesakhiwo lezakhi zofuzo. Ngakho-ke, ukusebenzisa ezinye izindlela ezikhethekile ezikuvumela iwukudambisa Ububi nokudaya okuqhubekayo. Okuvame kakhulu kulezi, ezifana indlela staining umehluko, G-ndlela, R-indlela nezinye.

Futhi ekugcineni, esigabeni sesithathu cwaningo iwukuba nesifundo ezincane wama-chromosomes namabala kukhona esiteji metaphase. Phakathi inombolo yakhe iqoqo esimweni esejwayelekile futhi ukuqothuka kwezinwele okungavamile umzimba kumaseli zawo ezingabantu fetus. Ngenxa yale njongo, njengoba umthetho, ukuhlaziya kwezicubu amaningi.