Ubudala Ukukhanyiselwa eRussia

Ezweni eligcwele by isiko nesishiyagalombili leminyaka Age of Ukukhanyiselwa, eye washiya isigxivizo yayo ejulile emlandweni. Kwakuphakathi nalesi sikhathi siphela khona yayo isiqondiso ezifana Baroque, Rococo esikhundleni. EYurophu lehla ngokushesha inani kuthathela uhlobo ukungqubuzana phakathi abangafundile, kodwa sibonga izincwadi labantu esebenzayo futhi kwakhiwa uhulumeni.

Owazalelwa eNgilandi, sibonga ekuthuthukiseni ukunyakaza bokusungula wemiqondo eyisisekelo njengezisulu zakhe ngefilosofi imfundo kancane kancane waqala ukusakazekela eJalimane, eFrance, eRussia nakwamanye amazwe aseYurophu.

enethonya ngokukhethekile othisha abavela eFrance - Diderot, uRousseau d'Alembert, Helvetius, uVoltaire, owayezibiza ngokuthi "ongqondongqondo bezombangazwe". Babekholelwa ukuthi uNkulunkulu akekho, indlela okunengqondo ukucabanga nolwazi ukwazi niphihlize inqubo esiphelelwe isikhathi, ukushintsha izimiso kuyisiphazamiso esimisweni sokuhle nokubi, futhi ukuphuthumisa phakathi kwenqubo zomlando kanye ukuguqulwa kwezenhlalo yomphakathi esizayo.

Ubuciko Yokukhanyiselwa okukhuthaza ubuhle sizathu, inkululeko nenjabulo, eqinisweni, bazama ukulingisa indlela lezi imibono. Yingakho okukhangisa izincwadi anamasondo phezu izinhlamvu, okuyizinto owumthombo ingqondo enelukuluku, nomuzwa wobulungisa, bayakwazi ulwe ukungazi.

Literary Rococo inikeza umfundi sichazwe ngokucacile landscape, Pun, inkulumo kuyindida, ayoliswe nokusikisela frivolity nokweqiwe. Ikakhulukazi olubonakalayo isitayela uVoltaire, Lakho, Lesanzha.

Ubudala Ukukhanyiselwa e laseRussia aqala nge uPeter Omkhulu. Ngu ekupheleni kokubusa kwakhe, izinguquko Russian ngokuqiniseka eseya "Europeanization", wagamanxa emasikweni kwezincwadi eNtshonalanga. Kumiswa Isayensi, Education waqhubeka ngokushesha kakhulu.

Ubudala Ukukhanyiselwa eRussia, bafika ne omagazini, amaphephandaba, portraiture.

Ngu umphakathi Russian 18 leminyaka th, okuyinto kubhekwa ucishe bafundile, kwakugcwele kuphela abameleli eMoscow Petersburg kwamadoda asebukhosini, kanye nezihlakaniphi encane kakhulu abavamile.

Ukuze-Europe, lokuma kwaba Yokukhanyiselwa French. Ngakho-ke, engu-ukukhanyiselwa eRussia unike ukunwetshwa izibopho kwamasiko neFrance, ikakhulukazi ngemva kwesigamu ngekhulu weshumi nesishiyagalombili yesibili. Izicukuthwane banikwa ithuba bathathe ubuciko izincwadi ngesikhathi uhambo lwabo phesheya, futhi ulwazi efanele ulimi uVoltaire, Diderot, nokubanikeza amandla okuba bakwazi ukufunda imisebenzi Ukukhanyiselwa. Bafunde umphakathi Russian yayifundwa imisebenzi efana "Virgin Sase-Orleans esihle", "kaNuni," "develi nezinyonga," "ukuqonda Amagugu", "Izincwadi Persian" nezinye yobuciko eziningi isiqondiso sezemfundo, elichaza "iholide kudlula ngokushesha, okuyinto lalibuswa Venus futhi Bacchus" .

Nokho, Ukukhanyiselwa eRussia kuhlukile kunokunikeza version European, kanye imbewu yayo "imila" emhlabathini yasekhaya, wanikeza yi kancane ehlukile kunaleyo eNtshonalanga.

isikhathi Russian kaPetru, futhi kamuva, lapho wokubusa uCatherine II, kwakuhluke kakhulu kulokho France uVoltaire sika. Brilliant Empire, ngemuva olungaphambili lwesonto zazo kwaba zwe elikhulukazi elinabantu hhayi ephakamisa ikhanda lakhe kusukela esindayo farm labour, kwadingeka ifa wasithathu, umhla obungenza, njengoba in the West, inkosi ziwumthwalo izidingo zalo siqu.

The Age of Ukukhanyiselwa eRussia kusekelwa yezikhulu futhi autocracy, okuyinto esetshenziswa Western amathonya entsha namasiko ukuze alondoloze serfdom ekhona.

Futhi nakuba ngemva kokufa uPetru waqhubeka reformism Catherine ll, amaphupho yokuba 'indlovukazi ukukhanyiselwa "othisha bangempela Russian babe Dashkova, Golitsyn, futhi Sumarokov, novikov, Fonvizin nabanye abaye bazama nesimanje ngokoqobo Russian.