Kuyini tariqat Islam?

Islam iyi inhlangano yenkolo ukuthi unesithakazelo cishe umhlaba wonke. Ngeshwa, ngokuvamile kakhulu it is isetshenziselwe izinjongo zabo ezingcolile nge zamaphekula nezigebengu ukuze bathethelele amazwi nemilayezo Allah okwabulawa kuyo inqwaba yabantu. Ngakho-ke, esikhathini sethu kubaluleke kangaka ukuqonda ukuthi yini ngempela Islam futhi namahlumela yayo. Lolu lwazi ungagcina imiphefumulo eminingi nesimilo esixegayo nezilingo. Kunzima akhohlise fike whose hliziyo sibonga intando Allah ngokuhlakanipha. Ukuze babe seduze uMninimandla onke ukusiza nemikhuba ehlukahlukene okungokomoya, futhi elalidume kunawo wonke kulo bayizinkulungwane tariqats. Esihlokweni sethu sizokutshela lokho tariqat nokuthi ezaphakama. Futhi ukuchaza ngokuningiliziwe indlela wokukhanya okungokomoya, ezivamile eNorth Caucasus.

izici Jikelele tariqat

Abantu abaningi bayakukholelwa lokho akazange atholakale ngokushesha ukuba uqonde lokho tariqat. Ngemva leli gama inomlando omude futhi ecebile, ehlanganisa izenzakalo eziningi ziye zathinta ukuphila kwezinkulungwane umphakathi wonke Muslim.

Kuyinto engenakwenzeka behlukanisa imiqondo ezifana "Sharia" futhi "tariqa". Ekuqaleni base eduze kakhulu ezihlobene, ngoba Shari'a iqukethe iqoqo kwemithetho elawula zonke wokuphila othembekile. Ngenxa yalesi Muslim kungaba sonke isikhathi ukhona, ukuze siphile ngokuvumelana kwakhe noNkulunkulu. Uyacabanga, usebenza, odla kanye enza nezinye izinto eziningi kukuhle Allah. Kodwa akwanele ukuba afeze imithetho ethile, kubalulekile ngomzuzwana uzizwe ubuhlobo babo noNkulunkulu ngengqondo, futhi kungasiza kule Tariqa.

Uma Sharia yiyona isisekelo somphakathi Muslim, tariqat - inhlanganisela ulwazi kanye nemikhuba okuhloswe ngaso okuhlanza umphefumulo. Phela, indlela kuphela ukuletha ukuzethemba wena qobo lwakho ku-Allah.

Uyini Tariqa: igama elithi

Uma sihumusha leli gama kusukela Arabhu Russian, umdlalo abaseduze ke kuzodlalwa njengendlela "indlela." Nguye ohola indoda ukuba ahlanze kuzo zonke izinto zezwe futhi ukunika kwangijabulisa injabulo nokuzwana rapprochement noMninimandla onke.

Izazi Islamic ukuphikisana ngokuthi kukhona lutho kuleli zwe akufanele babexoshwa imicabango ikhanda indoda mayelana Allah. A Muslim kungathatha ezahlukene izinto ngezandla, kodwa ikhanda futhi inhliziyo yakhe ngaso sonke isikhathi kufanele egcwele imicabango nemizwa ngolunye uhlobo lothando. Izazi eziningi ukukhumbuza ethembekileyo ukuthi kuncane ukuthandaza ngokuvumelana nemithetho - umthandazo kumelwe kube qotho njalo futhi ngaphandle kokunezela noluncane izindaba nezinkinga zezwe.

Yiqiniso, akulula futhi ayitholakali nelinye ikholwa, kodwa tariqat sakwazi ukuchitha Muslim ngokusebenzisa indlela eyinkimbinkimbi ukuhlanzwa umphefumulo nenhliziyo. Oshaya lo mgwaqo, ukuqeda imicabango emibi, izenzo bengafaneleki nemizwelo nokweqisa. Abantu tariqat khumbula ngomzuzwana Allah, futhi ubani okusezinhliziyweni zabo. Lona umgomo ophakeme okholwayo, lapho yonke Muslim kufanele silwele.

Izehlo tariqat

incazelo Namuhla ngayo igama elithi akuyona ngokushesha eqina. Uma wazama ukuthola ukuthi yini tariqat, ekhulwini IX, ngabe uvele ngaphambi libe nencazelo ehluke kakhulu ngaleli gama zenkolo eziyinkimbinkimbi.

Ekuqaleni tarekat waqala ukulandela umphakathi Sufi. Bona zazidluliselwa namahlumela esoteric Islam, okuyinto washumayela ukungayi, ukuzila nemfundo ezingozini ezingokomoya ngokusihlomisa ngesikudingayo ukususa nezifiso zezwe. Izazi eziningi zanamuhla Islamic uthi Sufism njengoba uhlobo nefilosofi Muslim, okuyinto kunomthelela sina kakhulu ukuqonda incazelo Islam.

Ikakhulukazi ezivamile tariqahs steel IX-X eminyaka. Sufis baye wagibela phezu indlela engokomoya self-ukutholakala kanye kokuthola iqiniso, okuyinto yaziwa ngokuthi Tariqa. Le ndlela ihambisana iqoqo imikhuba kanye umzimba ongokomoya, okwaholela nihlanze kanye baqabule umphefumulo. Impumelelo ophakeme injabulo sasibhekwa njengophawu lokuthi haqiqati - nokuqaphela isimo saphezulu zonke zako. Sufis Babeqiniseka ukuthi angakwazi ukukuqonda izindlela ezingokoqobo kuphela ukuzila.

ukuthuthukiswa tariqat

Ngu zenzeka ekhulwini lamashumi amabili lo tariqat umqondo saqala ukushintsha. Lokhu kungenxa kumiswa ezindaweni eziningana imiphakathi lapho ukubaluleka avelele atholwe Ngohlelo "Uthisha - Umfundi". Kugcine - mureed - kwadingeka ukuba zilalele inkosi yakhe ngokuphelele, ngoba nguye bakwazi kuphela ukuze bachithe leso endleleni enzima zokuhlanjululwa. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, le miphakathi kwamiswa emhlabeni wonke Muslim, futhi ukubaluleka atholwe tariqats esikoleni, okungase oqeqeshwe murshids ukukhanyiselwa kakhulu (othisha).

Kuze kube tariqat XIII ekhulwini nzima, ukuthi izuza imithetho ehlukene namasiko. Murid kwadingeka ukuba kuqaliswe, futhi zonke mzuzu zokuphila kwakhe yabekwa control esiqinile kanye ngokuqinile ngokomthetho. Ngamunye tarikats bebengaba ezingokomoya zabo imikhuba, amasu kanye umzimba. Sufism kancane kancane Ukuyekile ukuba isimo izimfundiso akhethwe futhi wajoyina uquqaba. Basusa amaSulumane amaningi, ukuthatha indlela ulwazi lweqiniso.

Tariqats e XIII-XV eminyaka

Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, isikole yazuza isakhiwo ecacile phezulu futhi indlela ekhethekile yenhlangano. Emhlabeni ekhulwini XIII baqala aguqule zibe iqembu elangenza lapho isiyalo lanqoba futhi wasebenzisa imikhuba imfihlo. Ngokuvamile lowo elangenza isahluko baba ukukhanyiselwa kanye wonke amanye amalungu omphakathi babebhekwa njengabangakufanelekeli abalandeli bakhe futhi. Umehluko ebalulekile abafowethu Tariqa izikole babe ncamashi inhlangano ecacile futhi ezithile izindlela. Uma ekuqaleni ukuze kuzuzwe ukukhanyiselwa amaSulumane esetshenziswa anhlobonhlobo imikhuba, kwanqunywa ukuba silandele indlela ukuthi kakade isidlulile lo mqeqeshi abaphezulu umphakatsi welibhola letinyawo. It yethulwa isikhundla sokuba saziso. amasu amaningi ezingaqondakali futhi alondolozwe ngokucophelela emehlweni prying.

K uhlelo elangenza xv ekhulwini ekugcineni kuba VO Tariqah eyamukelwa Islam. Kuyathakazelisa ukuthi yonke Muslim kumelwe athathe tariqat, Emva kwakho konke lokho, ngokuvumelana izazi Islamic, indoda ufuna Allah. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, ukhohlwe uhlelo "Uthisha - umfundi", ukuba indawo Ngohlelo iza "ongcwele - novice." Ngamunye elangenza umsunguli waphakanyiselwa saint futhi unamandla angenamkhawulo e umphakatsi welibhola letinyawo. Njengoba umlando usubonise, lesi sakhiwo kwaba eyamukelekayo kakhulu. Ngempela, abaningi bobuzalwane abakwazanga ukusinda ngenxa yokuntuleka yokwehlayo ecacile kanye nokusebenzisa izindlela ezihlukahlukene lathathwa neminye imiphakathi.

Ekhulwini xv: senguquko emlandweni tarikats

K elangenza xv ekhulwini ekugcineni babe kuphela samuntu okukhanyisa indlela. Ezweni Muslim wathatha ijamo fraternities nambili ezinkulu obungaholela umuntu ukuhlanzwa esingokomoya. Kamuva, banezela imiphakathi ezine ngaphezulu. Bonke babe yekucala kumiswa sinamagatsha ehlukene. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi baba tariqat ezimele nabalandeli yazuza.

Ngamunye tarikats kwadingeka ukusatshalaliswa yabo ezindawo kanye nethonya. Kaningi endaweni efanayo kungaba ngokuthula khona fraternities eziningana. Ngokuthakazelisayo, lobo isakhiwo wabo ubulokhu okufanayo. A umehluko itholakala amasu kanye dhikr, okuyinto umthandazo ekhethekile, okwakwenza umthandazo ephelele.

Izimpawu fraternities

By XVII tariqats ekhulwini atholwe ngempela isakhiwo esicacile, owawuthi imfundamakhwela engalalelanga kuphela umsunguli bobuzalwane, kodwa futhi ngokwezinga elikhulu ngezimiso yangaphakathi nasendleleni enihlela ngayo izinto. Basuke luba sisendleleni eya uhlanzekile ngokomoya futhi ukukhanya.

I izici eyinhloko imiphakathi bangase bacabange ngalokhu okulandelayo:

• kuhanjiswa sinemibandela ukuze umsunguli ubuzalwane;
• yokwehlayo ecacile;
• abalandeli zahlukaniswa ozinikele futhi elula;
• imicikilisho yokusebenzelana Ukuqalwa;
• tariqat inohlelo ekhethekile umzimba, imikhuba kanye namasu, ukuqaliswa okuyinto ilawulwa usomqulu umphakatsi welibhola letinyawo;
• lwezinhlangano ezingathandwa ezibhekwa olukhethekile nokuhlonishwa kosanta amathuna;
• dhikr isiko esihlanganisa wonke amalungu kwabazalwane.

ngezigaba tarikats

Tariqats ihlukaniswe Shiite kanye Sunni, kodwa amanye kwalokho, zihlukaniswe amaqembu amathathu:

• Ayar. Lokhu tariqat ukuzijayeza uhlanzekile ngokomoya ngokusebenzisa eziningi umthandazo ezengeziwe. Umthandazo kuze kube izikhathi ezingamashumi amahlanu ngosuku futhi kufanele aqiniseke sokuqeda dhikr ngokuhlanganyela.
• Abrar. Lokhu tarikats iqembu ulwela ubumsulwa bakhe ubuzalwane futhi Ukuhlanzwa okungokomoya okutholakala wonke amalungu ayo.
• Shuttar. Kulezi imiphakathi amasu ezithile ukuzindla ngezinto ezingokomoya, injongo okuyinto oveza isimo of ecstasy zenkolo.

Sesixoxile mayelana lokuthi eziningi fraternities babe endaweni yabo lapho sisetshenziswa futhi ngajabulela nethonya elikhulu. Kabanzi, sanquma cabanga Naqshbandi - tariqat, okuyinto evame kakhulu e Chechnya. Yiqiniso, akuyona kuphela, kodwa noma kunjalo has lapha abalandeli abaningi.

Naqshbandi Tariqa: umlando ekudalweni

Ngokwesiko kunenkolelo yokuthi lobu buzalwane kuhlehlela emuva phakathi nekhulu XIV. Umsunguli wawo kwaba Bahauddin Naqshbandi, okuyinto ngokwengxenye waboleka ezinye imikhuba ezingokomoya tariqat Yasawa, yokuxhuma nabo nezinye izimfundiso ezingaqondakali isazi Sufi. Umphumela waba mkhuba ekhetheke kakhulu okuyinto zanda ngokushesha e-Turkey,-Asia Ephakathi futhi insimu ka yesimanje North eCaucasus.

Kusukela zisencane, Bahauddin wakhuliswa umoya Sufism, ngakho kahle yonke butholakala enqubweni eyinkimbinkimbi yayo. Naqshbandi Tariqa yayisekelwe izimiso eziningana ukuthi abalandeli ngokuqinile bathobele. Ngokuthakazelisayo, umgexo wegolide we Naqshbandi tariqa (nohlu lozalo) itholakala ngokuba sibuyele emuva kakhulu Prophet Muhammad futhi inamagatsha ezimbili.

Izimiso eziyisisekelo tariqat

Ngokuyinhloko bonke abalandeli Naqshbandi ukuzijayeza dhikr buthule, okungukuthi, umthandazo kuthiwa buthule. Umsunguli tariqat wacabanga ukuzishaya eziwubukhazikhazi engalethi elamukelekile, kanye nekhono ukugxilisa ingqondo nokuzinikela ekufundeni kuNkulunkulu ngaphandle amazwi - umgwaqo kweqiniso ukuze ukuhlanzwa umphefumulo.

Bahauddin yena kwakhiwa izimiso zokuqala ezintathu elangenza yakhe, umlandeli wakhe ebafake, waziyisa nanye:

• singalazisa zonke mzuzu isikhathi futhi siphile ngokusebezisa;
• izinga dhikr;
• emakamu nokukhawulela ngoba dhikr;
• ukuqonda ukusondela Allah;
• ungalokothi ukubheka esenqatshelwe futhi ugweme isilingo;
• kuhlukaniswa kancane kancane kusukela umphakathi ukuthi kanyekanye kuletha Allah;
• ikhono ukuba phakathi kwalabo bantu uwedvwa naNkulunkulu;
• izinkomba Allah kuphela ngenhliziyo;
• umthandazo kumele liphinyiselwe kuphela ngemicabango boPhezukonke;
• ivimbela imizwa okungagunyaziwe kanye imizwa;
• imikhuba ezingokomoya njalo.

Le mithetho ilandelwa kube yilolu suku zinjalo.

Chechnya: izici of tariqat

Lapho izazi Islamic ekushoyo umphakathi Chechen Muslim, umqondo ukubizwa ngokuthi "umphakathi Vainakh", ngokuhlanganisa izizwe eziningi kanye nemiphakathi.

Ubani phakathi Vainakh awliya wokuqala basakaza Tariqa Naqshbandi e Chechnya, ke Kuyaziwa. Kanye uhlu lwamagama alabo abangathanda baye bakhonza ngokwethembeka ukusabalala Islam ezikhonza kula mazwe. Ngokuvamile, izikhulu namadoda ongcwele engena kwezepolitiki ngesikhathi lapho ikusasa isizwe yayisengozini sina. Eyokuqala owakhuphula izimfundiso Naqshbandi e Chechnya kwaba Sheikh Mansour, ovela umkhaya ovamile, ohlala emaphandleni entabeni. Endaweni yokuqala ubonakala njengoba othanda ukulwa inkululeko, futhi kuphela base bayakhumbula kokufaneleka zakhe ezingokwenkolo phambi kwabantwana bakwa-Chechnya.

Tariqat ngalesi sikhathi ingakamiswa kwakhiwa futhi ngisho nangemva kumiswa inezici ayo ekhethekile esivela ngokunembile lesi sifunda. Ngokwesibonelo, amalungu omphakathi ukunikeza ukubaluleka emathuneni yabangcwele. Sebayeka bakhulekele kakhulu umfanekiso umsunguli wayo, kunalokho indawo yakhe yokungcwaba. Tariqa Naqshbandi e Chechnya kuyinto ikakhulukazi Sufism, okuyinto ngokuyinhloko uqokomisa ubuntu nokufeza abazithandayo yizikhulu, futhi umbuzo ngokulandelana isiyi-ezincane kuwo wonke amalungu omphakathi.

Umbuzo tarikats ngempela isebenziseka ngezindlela eziningi, kodwa siye sazama ukuchaza ke njengoba ngendlela elula necacile. Into eyinhloko ukuthi ikholwa ngalinye kudingeka aqonde - wukuthi indlela wokukhanya kanye ukuhlanzwa kuwumgomo oyinhloko futhi umvuzo Muslim.