Ukwakhiwa kwehlelo Nizhne-Bureya HPP, iSifundazwe Sase-Amur

Eminyakeni yamuva, ngenkuthalo ukuthuthukisa izifunda Far Eastern, kwanqunywa eRussia. Into yokuqala ukuthi kumele kwenziwe uchungechunge yini nokusekela ukuphila kwakhe nqgo yentuthuko - ke isizukulwane okugcwele nokusabalalisa ugesi. Ngenxa yalezi zinjongo, e-Amur esifundeni eyakhelwe emifula, esisogwini eMfuleni Bureya. Ngo-2003, kungenzeka wayethunywe Bureya esiteshini, ngo-2016 sihlelwe nokuthuma Nizhne-Bureya HPP.

Umlando-yalolucwaningo 30

Ngo-1932, ekhulwini leminyaka elidlule kuze ziye okuqalwe ucwaningo ezingaba Bureya River lase-Amur esifundeni. Khona-ke ucwaningo lwenziwe sikhungo "Hydroproject". It sanqunywa Umhubhe inhlolovo, isivuliwe ekuqaleni Esigabeni sokuqala Bureysky wendlale. Ukuze Lower Bureya HPP kuchaziwe Doldykanskom ukuqondanisa, dislocation sise 950 amamitha ngaphezu confluence emfuleni Doldykan e Bureya.

Eyokuqala iphrojekthi lobuchwepheshe yadalwa ngo-1959, futhi ngo-1986 sivunyiwe ke. Ukuqala kokusetshenziswa emikhulu ukwakhiwa amasu iye simisiwe ngokuqondene ukwedlulela umnotho, okwaqala ngokubekwa wokugoqa wase-USSR. Of imisebenzi kuhlelwe kwenziwe kuphela Izindawo zabantu ezivela ezindaweni enezikhukhula.

HPP kuyinto ekuqaleni kusukela kowezi-2000

Ukwakhiwa kwehlelo Nizhne-Bureya HPP wavuselelwa ngo-2007, kodwa iphrojekthi kwadingeka enze ushintsho. Loluhlelo yasekuqaleni sabekwa ukufakwa ezintathu Hydropower amayunithi 107 MW, kodwa ingashintshwa ukuze amakhono zanamuhla kudingeka ukwandisa isibalo sabo ezine, kodwa amandla kancane (80 MW). Kwathiwa wanquma esikhundleni zobumba edamini iphrojekthi ibhange kwesokudla ebodeni ukhonkolo. Okuthuthukisiwe nezinye izingxenye okusalungiswa yasekuqaleni. Zonke izinguquko kanye nokwamukelwa laqedwa ngo-2011, futhi ngesikhathi esifanayo, baqala ukwakha.

umklamo Izici

Ubude ingqikithi emgqeni ingcindezi phambi Nizhne-Bureya esiteshini (esifundeni Amur, Bureysky wesifunda) cishe 746 metres, ukuphakama iphuzu esiphezulu - 42 amamitha. Kumila permeability amanzi edamini kuqinisekiswa sibonga izakhiwo ngebumba-futhi ekuqiniseni umgubuzelo.

Ukuze usethe kabusha idamu lamanzi esakhiwe Spillway ukhonkolo ubude 123 metres uphinde uthele kancane ukuphakama 47,75 amamitha. Zime futhi zakhiwe Spillway ebusweni uhlobo (amayunithi 5) okungase uvaliwe izingxenye esebenzisa valve nge actuators wokubacindezela. Kukhona ukulungisa izingidi, manipulations okwenziwa esebenzisa crane gantry. Amandla of amanzi akhishwe ngabe siyocinywa e-eyakhelwe ukhonkolo Uthulisa umcengezi kabani ubude 88 amamitha.

Ngesikhathi ebhange kwesokudla emfuleni Bureya emfuleni embhedeni esakhiwe isakhiwo esiteshini. Ubude bayo cishe 97 metres, ukuphakama - mayelana 58 amamitha. Ukuze aqinise izindonga imisebenzi phezu ukufakwa udonga emvula ngokhonkolo (amamitha 100 ubude). Hydroelectric amandla isitshalo uzobe ifakwe amayunithi ezine wokubacindezela kanye nama-generator. Ukufakwa imishini esebenzisa Cranes phezulu. Umthamo we Nizhne-Bureya HPP - 1380 cubic metres yamanzi ngomzuzwana. Ukukhishwa ugesi izoba zikagesi 220 kW at ezincane ezimbili: Arkhara futhi Raichihinsk. Inani lezisebenzi ku ukwakhiwa esikhathini kokuqedwa sihlelelwe abantu 2300.

kwesigubhu

kwakhiwa Nizhnebureyskaya kwesigubhu is nge kokuphothulwa ukwakhiwa kwengcindezi. umthamo engasebenziseka kuyoba abayizigidi ezingu 77 cubic metres, kanye Imininingwane - 2,034 cubic metres yamanzi. Ubude kwesigubhu - amakhilomitha 90 futhi ububanzi esiphezulu - 5 amakhilomitha, ukujula silinganiselwa 13 amamitha. It is kuhlelwe ukuthi exchange amanzi oyokwenziwa kanye ngenyanga ikhalenda. It is kuhlelwe ukuthi ukugcwaliswa kwesigubhu ngemuva kokuqala zonke izingxenye Bureya amandla wendlale kwenzeka ezinsukwini ezinhlanu kuya kweziyisithupha.

Ngaphansi izikhukhula uthola amahektha engaphansana nje kwengu-1000 yokulima futhi cishe 9,000 amahektha ihlathi. On nemizana usongo yezikhukhula engamboziwe. Kuze kwethulwa esiteshini kuhlelelwe lesoochistka esizayo kwesigubhu umcengezi.

ukuqaliswa kohlelo

Phakathi kuka-2011 kuya ku-2015 Kwakuseshwa imisebenzi emikhulu:

• Inhlangano engokomthetho JSC "Nizhne-Bureya HPP".
• Wemba izakhiwo eyinhloko esiteshini.
• Kuboshwe 3 imoto emgwaqweni wafingqa ephezulu voltage amandla umugqa.
• It wakha isitshalo ukhonkolo.
• Yakhelwe ukwakhiwa eziyisisekelo emifula izitshalo amandla.
• Yakhelwe ingqalasizinda zokuhlala edolobheni emhlabeni esiteshini.
• Ekupheleni kuka-2015 senziwa main ukwakhiwa kwemisebenzi, kuhlanganise eyakhelwe Hydro-abaphehla ugesi kanye Hydro izindawo nge laying izisekelo yemishini wokubacindezela.
• Ukwakhiwa yashayisa unqenqema edamini lomfula.

Izizathu ukwakhiwa

umthamo ashiwo be Lower Bureya amandla kagesi of 320 MW, okukhiphayo isilinganiso ngonyaka - 1.65 bhiliyoni kW / h, ebusika amandla kuhlelwe 147 MW. Ukwakhiwa sokuphehla amandla kungenxa isidingo ukulungisa esithweni okungajwayelekile diurnal ngaphezulu enamandla Bureya HPP ezisebenza umfula eMfuleni Amur. Lokhu ugwema iyehla iyenyuka ngokushesha ezingeni amanzi echibini aphansi (kwamanzi).

Ikhishwa Lower Bureya esiteshini ugesi uzoqondiswa izidingo izinjongo "Transneft", ikakhulukazi - ku ukwakhiwa kwalesi ipayipi elithwala uwoyela "Eastern eSiberia - Pacific Ocean", imayini yamalahle, le cosmodrome "East". Ugesi ezivezwa esiteshini, uyosindisa ukushiswa mayelana 700 amathani fuel ngonyaka.

Amur esifundeni, indawo Bureysky ngokukhethekile, ngenxa ukwakhiwa iziteshi ingqalasizinda wendlale ezokwandisa amathuba okuthi ukuthuthukiswa, kuthuthukiswe izimo zokuphila labantu, uyokhanga ukutshalwa ezengeziwe futhi ukuqinisekisa kwakuzothutheleka eziqalayo.

imiphumela emvelweni

Izindawo lapho Lower Bureya HPP - sidalwe cishe isetshenzwe. Duzane kuphazamisa isimiso semvelo eziningi mpikiswano, bendawo abathi ukuthi kushintshe isimo sezulu kungazelelwe. Iyini imiphumela empeleni iyokwaziwa ngisho kuphela esikhathini eside esizako.

Uma kuhlelelwa amandla esiteji Kwahlelwa ukuba kube futhi kwenziwe izilinganiso kwemvelo Ukuvikelwa. Izoni izikhukhula Lower Bureyskaya HPP babe ingxenye zapovedniks "Irkun Tract", "Zheludinsky". inqolobane entsha "Bureysky" yadalwa isinxephezelo nokulahlekelwa ezivikelwe izindawo. Wahlanganisa ezimbili esiqiwini futhi wathola izindawo ezengeziwe sehlathi izindawo engenhla nengezansi pool Bureyskaya izitshalo wendlale Hydropower. Le ndawo ingqikithi esiqiwini "Bureysky" kuyinto ayizinkulungwane 132 amahektha.

Ngo-2015, umsebenzi wenziwa nokudluliswa zezinhlobo eziyingqayizivele yezimila nezilwane ezihlukahlukene kwendawo enezikhukhula. Yuri Gafarov, omunye kwemvelo owaba nengxenye ukusebenza kuya Izindawo ka yezimila nezilwane ezihlukahlukene, wathi izidleke ezakhiwa for amadada Mandarin kanye Imindeni Far Eastern storks. Babephinde babizwe wenza ubusika nokondla ukuze sibone izilwane zasendle, utshalwe inqwaba izitshalo ezihlukile kusukela endaweni Ugcwalise ensimini ka esiqiwini esisha.

Ukubona intuthuko yomsebenzi

Ngokusho Pao RusHydro, okwamanje kukhona ukufakwa kuhlelwe ugesi amandla kagesi, kanye kusakhiwa ihholo naleli damu. Ngo-June 2016 ukuphakama idamu 131 amamitha ngaphezu kolwandle, iphrojekthi ezingeni - 140 metres. Ngoba kwakhiwa leli damu ugcwale yinqwaba umsebenzi abazenzi ngaphandle ukunciphisa ijubane futhi izinguquko for the nobusika. Ukuze izimbobo imishini e ebeka yinqwaba ebusika esetshenziswa imishini yokumba bafudumale amadivayisi ezimbonini. Amur yesithwathwa ayizange imishini sokuphumula nabantu, kodwa umsebenzi kuhlelwe kwenziwa njalo ngesikhathi.

Ngokusho S. Nikulin, unjiniyela zokukhiqiza kanye umnyango lobuchwepheshe inkampani "Nizhne-Bureya HPP", wathi ngo-Agasti 2016, yonke imisebenzi kukhona ngokuhambisana isheduli okuhleliwe. Ikakhulukazi, wathi impeller kakade ukukhwezwa wenza abatshelekayo for amayunithi wokubacindezela futhi efakwe ophephela ukuziqalela. Ngokusho kwakhe, intuthuko yomsebenzi senzeka ngaphakathi esiqinile isikhathi ifreyimu, lapho ngokushesha ayikho indawo. Wobunjiniyela kuqashelwe ukuthi wonke amayunithi wokubacindezela ISIZINDA kufanelekile kudinga cishe ngokunemba a ngamagugu, zonke izingxenye khaxa ngaphandle izikhala. Wathi uyethemba ukuthi wamanje kuqala Ekude Eastern amandla simiso sezinto kuyofika kakade 2016. Nokho, ngenxa ezibucayi kanye uxhaso encishisiwe kwabanye izinto, PJSC RusHydro ingasaphathwa sebegijima esiteshini yokudlulisa e-2017.

Eyeqayo Bureya River senzeka ngo-Ephreli 19, 2016, amanzi notshwala manje edabula Spillway uhlelo emifula. Ukuzimisela izakhiwo zikakhonkolo ekwakhiweni esiteshini samanje balinganiselwa ku-90%.

amaqiniso ezithakazelisayo

Ithebhu Nizhne-Bureya HPP weza V. Putin, futhi njengophawu oluhle e ukhonkolo lokuqala ethela waphonsa Iwashi. Ngayingcwelisa Bishop Lucian kuqale ukwakhiwa, naye waletha lesikhumbuzo ukuze bezindonga ekukhuleni ingelosi segolide, manje okuyinto efakwe iphuzu esiphezulu amandla kagesi, ekubeni iwuphawu wezinsimbi esakhiweni umvikeli kamuva yonke wendlale.

Kuze kube manje, iziteshi eziyinkimbinkimbi eMfuleni Bureya - iphrojekthi ngobukhulu kule post-Soviet Russia, wakha ngaphandle ukuthembela ifa zase-USSR, okuyinto Babenjalo ezingaba yezwe kanye amathuba sayo sangempela. Abaningi baye baba endaweni ukusebenza Kunconywa ukuvakashela endaweni lapho umsebenzi kuzoqala maduze Nizhne-Bureya HPP. Ikheli esifundeni Amur: endaweni Bureysky Bureysky ngomzana, isifunda Gidrostroiteley, Ukwakha 2, incwadi 3.